Famous American Economists

Thomas Sowell is an esteemed American economist, social philosopher, and political commentator known for his influential work in the conservative movement. He has held professorships at prestigious universities, worked at renowned think tanks, and is currently a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. Sowell has authored over 45 books on a range of topics including politics, economics, education, and race, and his syndicated columns have appeared in numerous newspapers. His views are characterized as conservative, libertarian, or libertarian-conservative, making him a significant voice in public discourse.

Milton Friedman was an influential American economist and statistician known for his research on consumption analysis, monetary theory, and stabilization policy. As a key figure in the Chicago school of economics, he challenged Keynesian theory and advocated for monetarism. Friedman's ideas on monetary policy, taxation, privatization, and deregulation had a significant impact on government policies, particularly in the 1980s. He advised political leaders like Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher and promoted a free-market economic system with minimal government intervention. Friedman's works continue to influence global economics and public policy.

Peter Navarro is an American economist and former Trump administration official known for his unconventional views on trade. As a key figure in the administration, he advocated for protectionist policies, criticized trade deficits, and clashed with other economists on issues like free trade agreements. Navarro also played a role in the administration's COVID-19 response, promoting controversial treatments and downplaying risks. Following the 2020 election, he perpetuated election fraud conspiracy theories, leading to his indictment and conviction for contempt of Congress.

Daniel Kahneman was an influential Israeli-American psychologist known for his groundbreaking work in the fields of judgment, decision-making, and behavioral economics. His research challenged the assumption of human rationality in economic theory, leading to the development of prospect theory. Together with Amos Tversky, he identified cognitive biases and heuristics that underlie common human errors. Kahneman's book "Thinking, Fast and Slow" became a bestseller, summarizing his research. He was recognized as a top global thinker and one of the most influential economists in the world. Kahneman also had a prominent academic career at Princeton University and co-founded a consulting company.

Lawrence Kudlow is an American conservative news analyst, journalist, and radio personality. He has worked as a financial news commentator for Fox Business and served as the Director of the National Economic Council in the Trump Administration. Kudlow started his career as a financial analyst at the New York Federal Reserve before moving to Wall Street. He joined Ronald Reagan's administration and later worked at Bear Stearns as chief economist. After battling addiction, he transitioned to becoming an economics and financial commentator for National Review and CNBC.

Abhijit Banerjee is an Indian-born American economist and the Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He co-founded the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), a global research center advocating for evidence-based poverty alleviation strategies. In 2019, he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his experimental approach to tackling global poverty. Banerjee is a fellow of the Econometric Society, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is recognized as one of the most productive development economists globally.

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is a Nigerian economist who made history as the first woman and African to lead the World Trade Organization. She has a diverse professional background, having served on numerous boards including Danone, Standard Chartered Bank, and Twitter. Okonjo-Iweala also worked at The World Bank for 25 years, eventually becoming Managing Director for Operations. She held the position of Finance Minister of Nigeria twice and was recognized as the Global Finance Minister of the Year in 2005.

John Kenneth Galbraith was a renowned Canadian-American economist, diplomat, and intellectual known for his post-Keynesian perspective on economics. He was a Harvard faculty member for over fifty years, during which he authored numerous best-selling books on economic topics, including a trilogy on economics. Galbraith's work was influential and widely criticized by prominent economists. He also had a significant impact on Democratic Party politics, serving in several administrations and as a U.S. Ambassador. His political activism, prolific writing, and public service earned him widespread recognition and accolades.

Joseph Eugene Stiglitz is an influential American economist, public policy analyst, and political activist. He has held prestigious positions such as a full professor at Columbia University, senior vice president and chief economist of the World Bank, and chairman of the US Council of Economic Advisers. Stiglitz is known for his support of the Georgist public finance theory, criticism of globalization management, and work on international economic reform. He has founded think tanks, chaired committees, and received numerous awards for his contributions to economics and social progress.

Michael Eugene Porter is an esteemed American academic renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to economics, business strategy, and social causes. Holding the distinguished position of Bishop William Lawrence University Professor at Harvard Business School, he co-founded The Monitor Group (now part of Deloitte) and FSG, a social impact consultancy. Porter is widely recognized for developing Porter's five forces analysis, a pivotal tool in business strategy formulation. Regarded as a pioneer in the modern strategy field, he is esteemed as a leading expert in management and competitiveness, with global influence in the realm of business strategy.

Henry George was an influential American political economist and journalist whose writing in the 19th century sparked various reform movements of the Progressive Era. He is known for inspiring the economic philosophy of Georgism, advocating for individual ownership of produced value while proposing that the economic value of land should be shared equally by society. Through works like "Progress and Poverty," George delved into issues of inequality, poverty, and economic progress, proposing solutions like land value taxation and anti-monopoly reforms. His ideas continued to influence political leaders and organizations posthumously.

Paul Samuelson was a prominent American economist known for his significant contributions to economic theory and education. He was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and was highly influential in the latter half of the 20th century. Samuelson emphasized the importance of mathematics in economics, particularly through his book Foundations of Economic Analysis. He authored the best-selling economics textbook, Economics: An Introductory Analysis, and served as an advisor to multiple U.S. presidents, contributing to economic policy and theory.

Paul Volcker was an American economist known for his role as the 12th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1987. He successfully tackled high inflation levels in the US during the 1970s and early 1980s with his measures, famously known as the Volcker shock. Prior to chairing the Fed, he served as the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. After leaving the Fed, Volcker chaired the Economic Recovery Advisory Board under President Obama during the subprime mortgage crisis.

Jeffrey Sachs is an American economist and public policy analyst known for his work on sustainable development, economic development, and poverty alleviation. He has served as a professor at Columbia University and as the former director of The Earth Institute. Sachs is the Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University and the President of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network. He has been a Special Advisor to the UN Secretary-General and has played a key role in advancing global development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. Sachs is also the co-founder of the Millennium Promise Alliance and has been involved in various initiatives aimed at ending poverty and promoting sustainable development.

Ben Shalom Bernanke is an American economist renowned for his impactful roles in shaping economic policy and managing financial crises. Serving as the 14th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014, he was instrumental in the response to the late-2000s financial crisis, earning recognition as the 2009 Time Person of the Year. Prior to this, Bernanke was a distinguished professor at Princeton University and a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. His work on financial crises and the Great Depression has earned him accolades, including the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2022.

David D. Friedman is an American economist, physicist, legal scholar, and anarcho-capitalist theorist. Despite his academic background in chemistry and physics, he is renowned for his writings on microeconomics and anarcho-capitalism. His most famous work, "The Machinery of Freedom," delves into libertarian theory. Referred to as a "free-market anarchist" by Walter Block, Friedman has also penned books such as "Price Theory: An Intermediate Text," "Law's Order: What Economics Has to Do with Law and Why It Matters," "Hidden Order: The Economics of Everyday Life," and "Future Imperfect."

Esther Duflo is a prominent French–American economist and the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at MIT. She co-founded and co-directs the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, focusing on randomized controlled trials in policy evaluation. Duflo is also the president of the Paris School of Economics and holds various research positions. Her work centers on the microeconomics of development, covering diverse topics such as household behavior, education, financial inclusion, political economy, gender, and health. Duflo has been recognized with prestigious awards and has authored influential books on economics.

Elinor Claire "Lin" Ostrom was an American political scientist and economist known for her work in New Institutional Economics and political economy. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2009 for her analysis of economic governance, particularly regarding the commons. Ostrom was a Distinguished Professor at Indiana University and the Arthur F. Bentley Professor of Political Science. She co-directed the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis and founded the Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity at Arizona State University. Ostrom's research focused on resource management and sustainable agriculture, emphasizing collaborative approaches to prevent resource depletion without relying on state intervention or private markets.

Gary Stanley Becker was an influential American economist known for his groundbreaking work in the fields of economics and sociology. He was a leading figure in the third generation of the Chicago school of economics and received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1992. Becker's research focused on analyzing various aspects of human behavior through the lens of rational decision-making and utility maximization. He made significant contributions to understanding topics such as racial discrimination, crime, family dynamics, addiction, and human capital.

Mohamed A. El-Erian is an Egyptian-American economist and businessman with a prominent career in finance and economic advisory roles. He has held key positions such as CEO and co-chief investment officer at PIMCO, chief economic adviser at Allianz, and President of Queens' College, Cambridge. El-Erian has also been involved in various high-profile initiatives, serving as chair of President Obama's Global Development Council and contributing to publications like Bloomberg View and the Financial Times. He is recognized as a top global thinker and author of New York Times Best Sellers.

Benjamin Graham was a British-born American financial analyst, investor, and professor known as the "father of value investing." He co-authored foundational texts on the subject and emphasized independent thinking, emotional detachment, and careful security analysis. Graham founded a successful mutual fund and taught investing at Columbia Business School and UCLA Anderson School of Management. He influenced the establishment of value investing in various investment vehicles and was a driving force behind the profession of security analysis. Many successful investors, including Warren Buffett, were influenced by his teachings.

Kenneth Arrow was a prominent American economist, mathematician, writer, and political theorist known for his influential contributions to post-World War II neoclassical economic theory. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1972 along with John Hicks. Arrow's work in social choice theory, particularly his "Arrow's impossibility theorem," and general equilibrium analysis are widely recognized. His research extended to areas such as endogenous growth theory and the economics of information, shaping the field of economics and inspiring future Nobel laureates among his students.

Harry Markowitz was an American economist known for his groundbreaking work in modern portfolio theory. He received prestigious awards such as the John von Neumann Theory Prize and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Markowitz served as a finance professor at the University of California, San Diego's Rady School of Management. His research focused on analyzing the impact of asset risk, return, correlation, and diversification on investment portfolio returns, revolutionizing the field of finance with his innovative insights and contributions.

Alan Krueger was a renowned American economist known for his groundbreaking research and influential positions in academia and government. Serving as the James Madison Professor of Political Economy at Princeton University, he also held roles as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy and Chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers under President Barack Obama. Krueger was highly regarded for his innovative use of natural experiments in economics, challenging existing perspectives on topics such as minimum wage and inequality while making significant contributions to the field of education economics.

George P. Shultz was an American economist, businessman, diplomat, and statesman who held four different Cabinet-level posts in the U.S. government. He played a significant role in shaping foreign policy during the Reagan administration, including fostering relations with the Soviet Union. Shultz also served as an executive at Bechtel and as the U.S. Secretary of State under Reagan. He continued to be active in business and politics after retiring from public office, advocating for a revenue-neutral carbon tax and serving on various boards and councils.

Hyman Minsky was an American economist known for his research on financial crises and the fragility of financial systems. He was a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis and a distinguished scholar at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. Minsky's work focused on explaining the characteristics of financial crises, advocating for government intervention in financial markets, opposing financial deregulation, emphasizing the role of the Federal Reserve, and warning against the over-accumulation of private debt. His economic theories gained renewed interest following the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis.

Phil Gramm is an American economist and politician who served as a member of Congress representing Texas. He started his political career as a Democrat before switching to the Republican Party in 1983. Gramm ran for the Republican Party presidential nomination in 1996 but was unsuccessful. Throughout his career, he has been known for his expertise in economics and has played a significant role in shaping economic policies during his time in office.

Harry Dexter White was a senior U.S. Treasury department official who played a significant role in shaping American financial policy during World War II. He worked closely with the Secretary of the Treasury to establish the postwar economic order at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference. White's vision for post-war financial institutions, including the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, prevailed over other influential figures like John Maynard Keynes. Despite his contributions, White was later accused of espionage for passing sensitive information to the Soviet Union, a charge he denied.

James M. Buchanan Jr. was an influential American economist renowned for his contributions to public choice theory, particularly outlined in his seminal work, The Calculus of Consent. His research delved into how self-interest and non-wealth-maximizing factors impact decision-making by politicians and bureaucrats. Buchanan's work was honored with the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1986. Throughout his career, he held various advisory roles and prestigious positions in institutions like The Independent Institute, the Institute of Economic Affairs, and the Mont Pelerin Society. Additionally, he served as a professor at George Mason University.

Arthur Laffer is an American economist and author known for his work during the Reagan administration as a member of the Economic Policy Advisory Board. He is famous for the Laffer curve, which demonstrates the concept of an optimal tax rate for maximizing government revenue. Laffer served as an economic advisor for Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Trump in 2019 for his significant contributions to the field of economics.

Lawrence Summers is an American economist with a distinguished career in public service and academia. He served as the 71st Secretary of the Treasury and as director of the National Economic Council. As president of Harvard University, he faced controversy but made significant contributions. His work at the World Bank and the Treasury Department under President Bill Clinton showcased his expertise in international affairs. Summers also played a crucial role in shaping economic policies during the Obama administration's response to the Great Recession.

Simon Smith Kuznets was a renowned Russian-born American economist and statistician. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1971 for his empirically grounded analysis of economic growth, providing valuable insights into the economic and social structures of development. Kuznets played a pivotal role in advancing economics as an empirical science and instrumental in shaping quantitative economic history. His work has had a lasting impact on the field, contributing significantly to our understanding of economic growth and development processes.

Stanley Fischer is an Israeli-American economist with an extensive career in global financial institutions. He served as the vice chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2017, and prior to that, as the governor of the Bank of Israel. Fischer also held prominent positions at the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. He was nominated by President Barack Obama for the Federal Reserve role and later resigned for personal reasons. Currently, he works as a senior advisor at BlackRock.

Thomas Crombie Schelling was an American economist and professor known for his expertise in foreign policy, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control. He served as a faculty member at the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park, and was also associated with the New England Complex Systems Institute. In 2005, he was honored with the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which he shared with Robert Aumann, for his significant contributions to the field of game theory analysis in understanding conflict and cooperation.

Walt Whitman Rostow was an American economist, professor, and political theorist who served as national security advisor to President Lyndon B. Johnson. He worked in the Office of Strategic Services during World War II and later advised President John F. Kennedy. Rostow played a prominent role in shaping US foreign policy in Southeast Asia during the 1960s. He was a staunch anti-communist, advocating for capitalism and free enterprise. Rostow's book "The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto" had a significant impact in various social science fields.

Richard H. Thaler is an American economist and the Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science and Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He served as president of the American Economic Association in 2015. Thaler is a prominent figure in behavioral economics, known for his collaborations with influential researchers such as Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. He was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2018 and was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2017 for his significant contributions to the field.

George Joseph Stigler was a prominent American economist known for his significant contributions to the field. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1982 for his work in the area of economic theory and policy. Stigler was a leading figure in the Chicago school of economics, where he played a key role in shaping economic thought. He made lasting impacts through his research on industrial organization, regulation, and the role of information in markets.

David Gale was an esteemed American mathematician and economist known for his contributions to mathematical economics, game theory, and convex analysis. He served as a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was affiliated with the departments of mathematics, economics, and industrial engineering and operations research. Gale obtained his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Princeton University and taught at Brown University before joining UC Berkeley. Throughout his career, he made significant advancements in the fields of mathematics and economics.

Friedrich List was a prominent German economist and political theorist known for developing nationalist theories of political economy. He played a key role in advocating for the Zollverein customs union from a nationalist perspective, promoting a strategy of raising tariffs on imports while supporting free trade in domestic goods. List collaborated on influential works with other political liberals, contributing to the promotion of constitutional liberalism. His ideas on regulated capitalism and the role of tariffs as investments in a nation's future productivity continue to have an impact on economic thought.

Peter R. Orszag is a prominent American business executive who currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Lazard. He has held various key positions within Lazard, including CEO of Lazard's Financial Advisory and Vice Chairman of Investment Banking. Prior to his roles at Lazard, Orszag had a distinguished career in finance, serving as Vice Chairman at Citigroup. He also has a strong background in public service, having been the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under President Barack Obama and Director of the Congressional Budget Office. Orszag is actively involved in various prestigious organizations and serves on several boards of directors.

Chris Argyris was an influential American business theorist and professor at Yale School of Management and Harvard Business School. He is recognized as a co-founder of organization development alongside Richard Beckhard, Edgar Schein, and Warren Bennis. Argyris is renowned for his pioneering work on learning organizations, which has had a significant impact on the field of management and organizational behavior. Through his research and teachings, he has made enduring contributions to the understanding of organizational dynamics and human behavior in the workplace.

Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours was a French-American writer, economist, publisher, and government official. He played a significant role during the French Revolution and later migrated to the United States with his family. Du Pont was known for his contributions to various fields, including economics and publishing. His professional endeavors and intellectual pursuits were widely respected, establishing him as a prominent figure in both French and American history.

William Nordhaus is an esteemed American economist who held the position of Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University. He is widely recognized for his contributions to economic modeling and the integration of climate change considerations into long-term macroeconomic analysis. In 2018, he was honored with the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which he shared with another economist. This prestigious award was in recognition of his groundbreaking work in addressing the economic implications of climate change through his innovative research and analysis.

Warren Bennis was an American scholar, organizational consultant, and author who was a pioneer in the field of Leadership studies. He served as University Professor and Distinguished Professor of Business Administration at the University of Southern California and was the Founding Chairman of The Leadership Institute there. Bennis' groundbreaking work on group behavior at MIT in the 1960s foreshadowed the shift towards less hierarchical and more democratic institutions. He is known for his influential publications on leadership, including the 'Revisionist Theory of Leadership' in Harvard Business Review in 1961.

Irving Fisher was an influential American economist known for his contributions to neoclassical economics, utility theory, and general equilibrium. He pioneered the study of intertemporal choice in markets, developing theories on capital, interest rates, and the quantity theory of money. Fisher's work on debt deflation and advocacy for full-reserve banking were overshadowed during his lifetime but have since gained recognition in academic circles. He is considered a pioneer in econometrics and macroeconomic thought, with concepts such as the Fisher equation and the international Fisher effect named after him.

Paul Michael Romer is an American economist and policy entrepreneur known for his work in endogenous growth theory. He has held various prestigious positions in academia, including professorships at NYU, the University of Chicago, UC Berkeley, Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, and the University of Rochester. Romer also served as the Chief Economist of the World Bank, where he resigned amid controversy. Throughout his career, he has been associated with research institutions such as the National Bureau of Economic Research and has received recognition for co-winning the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2018.

Roland G. Fryer, Jr. is an American economist and professor at Harvard University known for his rapid rise in academia, becoming one of the youngest tenured professors at Harvard. He has received prestigious awards such as the MacArthur Fellowship and the John Bates Clark Medal for his research on social issues, particularly race and ethnicity. Fryer has also worked as New York City's chief equality officer and published notable analyses on topics like the racial achievement gap and police interactions. Despite facing allegations leading to a temporary suspension, he has since returned to teaching and research.

Robert Lucas Jr. was an influential American economist known for his work at the University of Chicago. He played a central role in developing the new classical approach to macroeconomics. Lucas was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1995 for his groundbreaking work on rational expectations. His research significantly impacted macroeconomic analysis and contributed to a deeper understanding of economic policy. Lucas was widely recognized as one of the most influential macroeconomists of the late 20th century and remained a highly cited economist even in 2020.

Henry Stuart Hazlitt was an influential American journalist known for his insightful writings on business and economics. He contributed to major publications like The Wall Street Journal, The Nation, The American Mercury, Newsweek, and The New York Times. Hazlitt's work was highly regarded for its clarity and depth, making complex economic concepts accessible to a wide audience. Through his articles and books, he played a significant role in shaping public understanding of economic issues and promoting principles of free-market capitalism.

Immanuel Wallerstein, an American sociologist and economic historian, made significant contributions to the field through his development of the world-systems approach. Serving as the 13th president of the International Sociological Association, he held the position from 1994 to 1998. Wallerstein was a Senior Research Scholar at Yale University from 2000 until his passing in 2019. Additionally, he provided insightful commentary on world affairs through syndicated publications with Agence Global from October 1998 to July 2019, leaving a lasting impact on the field of sociology and global studies.

Eugene Fama is an American economist known for his significant contributions to portfolio theory, asset pricing, and the efficient-market hypothesis. He currently holds the prestigious position of Robert R. McCormick Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. In 2013, Fama was honored with the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, sharing the award with Robert J. Shiller and Lars Peter Hansen. Widely recognized as the "father of modern finance," his groundbreaking works have laid the foundation for financial economics and continue to be highly influential in the field.

Kevin Allen Hassett is an American economist known for his work in conservative think tanks and political campaigns. He served as Senior Advisor and Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Trump administration, where he focused on economic aspects of policy, particularly during the Covid pandemic. Hassett has authored books and gained attention for his optimistic predictions on the stock market, notably his coauthorship of Dow 36,000. Despite some controversies and criticisms, he has remained an influential figure in economic policy circles.

Martin Stuart Feldstein was an American economist who held prominent positions such as the George F. Baker Professor of Economics at Harvard University and president emeritus of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). He served as president and CEO of NBER for three decades and was also chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Ronald Reagan. Feldstein was known for his deficit hawk views, particularly during his tenure in the Reagan administration, and was a member of the financial advisory body, the Group of Thirty.

James Kenneth Galbraith is an American economist known for his contributions to the field of public policy and economics. He serves as a professor at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs and the Department of Government at the University of Texas at Austin. Additionally, he holds the position of Senior Scholar at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. Galbraith is also a member of the executive committee of the World Economics Association, which was established in 2011, showcasing his commitment to advancing economic research and education on a global scale.

James Tobin was an influential American economist known for his contributions to Keynesian economics. He served on the Council of Economic Advisers, consulted with the Federal Reserve, and taught at Harvard and Yale. Tobin advocated for government intervention to stabilize output and prevent recessions. His academic work focused on investment, monetary and fiscal policy, and financial markets. He proposed the well-known tobit model and, along with James Meade, suggested nominal GDP targeting as a monetary policy rule. Tobin received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1981 for his work on financial markets. He also gained recognition for proposing the "Tobin tax" on foreign exchange transactions to curb speculation.

Benjamin Ricketson Tucker was an American individualist anarchist and self-identified socialist. He was the editor and publisher of the periodical Liberty from 1881 to 1908. Tucker viewed anarchism as part of the broader socialist movement, opposing state socialism and supporting free-market socialism, libertarian socialism, and mutualism. He incorporated ideas from classical economics, Ricardian socialists, Josiah Warren, Karl Marx, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, and later Max Stirner's egoism. Tucker's views on capitalism evolved, and he considered himself a socialist due to his belief in the labor theory of value.

William Forsyth Sharpe is an esteemed American economist known for his significant contributions to the field of finance. As the STANCO 25 Professor of Finance, Emeritus at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, he is renowned for his work on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the development of the Sharpe ratio for risk-adjusted investment performance analysis. Sharpe's expertise also extends to the valuation of options, asset allocation optimization, and style analysis for evaluating the performance of investment funds.

Mariana Mazzucato is an Italian–American-British economist and academic known for her expertise in innovation economics, value theory, and political economy. As a professor at UCL and founding director of IIPP, she focuses on the public sector's role in innovation and value creation. Mazzucato has authored several influential books and holds key policy positions, including with the World Health Organization, the Scottish Government, the South African President, and the United Nations. Her significant contributions to economic theory and policy have earned her prestigious honors and recognition.

James Joseph Heckman is an esteemed American economist and Nobel laureate, serving as the Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor in Economics at the University of Chicago. He is a leading figure in econometrics and microeconomics, renowned for his work on selection bias and self-selection in quantitative analysis. Heckman is celebrated for his research in labor economics and his advocacy for early childhood education programs. He holds various prestigious positions at the University of Chicago, contributing significantly to the field of economics.

Walter Block is an American economist and anarcho-capitalist theorist, known for his work in the Austrian School of economics. He has held prestigious positions such as the Harold E. Wirth Eminent Scholar Endowed Chair in Economics at Loyola University New Orleans and served as a senior fellow at the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Alabama. Block's professional career has been distinguished by his contributions to economic theory and his advocacy for libertarian principles, making him a prominent figure in the field of economics.

John Charles Harsanyi was a Hungarian-American economist known for his pioneering work in game theory and its application to economics. He developed innovative analysis of games of incomplete information, termed Bayesian games, and contributed significantly to the fields of political and moral philosophy, particularly utilitarian ethics. Harsanyi's research also extended to equilibrium selection and he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1994 alongside John Nash and Reinhard Selten for his impactful contributions to economic theory and decision-making.

Leonid Hurwicz was a Polish-American economist and mathematician known for his pioneering work in game theory and mechanism design. He introduced the concept of incentive compatibility and demonstrated how desired outcomes could be achieved through incentive-compatible mechanism design. His contributions to economics earned him the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize. Hurwicz's career included roles as a research assistant for renowned economists, a professor at various institutions, and a leading figure in the application of game theory to analyze interactions in markets and trade.

Thomas E. Woods Jr. is an American author, podcast host, and libertarian commentator known for his advocacy of the Austrian School of economics. He is currently a senior fellow at the Mises Institute. Woods hosts the daily podcast, The Tom Woods Show, and previously co-hosted Contra Krugman. His books, including The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History and Meltdown, have been New York Times bestsellers. Woods focuses on promoting libertarianism and has taught homeschooling courses on Western civilization and government. He was a founding member of the League of the South but has since distanced himself from the organization.

Rexford Guy Tugwell was an American economist and key member of Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Brain Trust". He advocated for government-led economic planning during the Great Depression and played a significant role in designing New Deal programs such as the farm program and the Resettlement Administration. Tugwell's ideas on suburban planning led to the development of Greenbelt, Maryland. He faced criticism from conservatives for his support of state-directed planning. Tugwell later served as the governor of Puerto Rico during World War II and had a distinguished career as a professor and author.

Murray Rothbard was an influential American economist, historian, political theorist, and activist known for his role in the libertarian movement. He was a prominent figure in the development of anarcho-capitalism and authored numerous books on political theory, economics, and history. Rothbard advocated for the privatization of services provided by the state, opposed central banking and interventionism, and collaborated with notable figures like Ludwig von Mises and Charles Koch. He held academic positions, founded institutions like the Cato Institute and the Mises Institute, and promoted right-wing populism and libertarian alliances.

Robert C. Merton is an American economist and Nobel laureate known for his pioneering work in continuous-time finance, particularly the Black-Scholes-Merton model for option pricing. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1997 for his contributions to determining the value of derivatives. Merton served on the board of directors of Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge fund that collapsed in 1998, leading to a significant bailout. His current research focuses on topics such as lifecycle investing, retirement funding, systemic risks in macrofinance, and financial innovation in financial institutions.

Jason Furman is an American economist and professor at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He has held various prominent roles, including serving as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Barack Obama and as deputy director of the U.S. National Economic Council. Furman is a member of several influential organizations such as the Council on Foreign Relations and the Group of Thirty. He is actively involved in economic policy discussions, contributing to scholarly journals, periodicals, and media outlets like the Wall Street Journal and Project Syndicate.

Llewellyn Harrison Rockwell Jr. is an American author, editor, and political consultant known for his libertarian and anarcho-capitalist beliefs. He founded and chairs the Mises Institute, a non-profit organization advocating the Austrian School of economics. Rockwell's career includes roles at conservative and radical-right organizations, as well as working with Congressman Ron Paul. He co-founded the Mises Institute with Murray Rothbard and manages LewRockwell.com, a website focused on political philosophy, economics, and current affairs, known for its "anti-war, anti-state, pro-market" stance.

Myron Samuel Scholes is a renowned Canadian-American financial economist and Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences. He is the co-originator of the Black-Scholes options pricing model and has held various prestigious positions in the finance industry. Scholes has been a professor at top institutions like Stanford Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, and MIT's Sloan School of Management. He has also been involved in hedge funds, asset management, and served on multiple advisory boards. Scholes' groundbreaking work on valuing derivatives earned him the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1997 alongside Robert C. Merton.

Robert J. Shiller is an esteemed American economist, academic, and author. He holds the prestigious position of Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University and is a fellow at the Yale School of Management's International Center for Finance. Shiller has been associated with the National Bureau of Economic Research since 1980 and has held leadership roles in various economic associations. He is also the co-founder and chief economist of the investment management firm MacroMarkets LLC. Shiller is renowned for his research on asset prices and was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2013.

Edward Nicolae Luttwak is an accomplished American author renowned for his expertise in grand strategy, military strategy, geoeconomics, military history, and international relations. His notable work includes the widely acclaimed book "Coup d'État: A Practical Handbook," which has established him as an authority in the field. Luttwak's book "Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace" is a staple at various war colleges globally, having been translated into multiple languages. With publications in 29 languages other than English, Luttwak's influence and contributions to strategic studies are truly international in scope.

Douglass Cecil North was an American economist acclaimed for his contributions to economic history. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1993, alongside Robert Fogel, for their innovative approach to economic history using economic theory and quantitative methods. North was a key figure in the field of New Institutional Economics, highlighting the crucial role of institutions in shaping economic behaviors and outcomes. His work emphasized how institutions influence economic growth and change by providing incentives, reducing transaction costs, and facilitating economic activity.

Robert Aumann is an Israeli-American mathematician renowned for his significant contributions to game theory analysis. He serves as a professor at the Center for the Study of Rationality at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and holds a visiting position at Stony Brook University. Aumann is a founding member of the Stony Brook Center for Game Theory. In 2005, he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his groundbreaking research on conflict and cooperation within the framework of game theory, sharing the prize with Thomas Schelling.

Mancur Olson Jr. was a prominent American economist and political scientist who made significant contributions to new institutional economics. He was a professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he focused on the importance of private property, taxation, public goods, collective action, and contract rights in economic development. Olson's work emphasized the role of institutions in shaping economic outcomes and provided valuable insights into the dynamics of collective decision-making and the impact of incentives on individual behavior within societies.

George Akerlof is an American economist and university professor known for his work on markets with asymmetric information. He is currently a professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and holds the title of Koshland Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. Akerlof was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2001 for his groundbreaking analyses in this field, sharing the honor with Michael Spence and Joseph Stiglitz.