Famous American Surgeons

Charles Richard Drew was an American surgeon and medical researcher known for his groundbreaking work in the field of blood transfusions. He developed improved techniques for blood storage and played a key role in establishing large-scale blood banks during World War II. Drew's expertise enabled medics to save numerous lives of Allied forces. As a prominent African American figure in the medical field, he advocated against racial segregation in blood donation, leading to significant changes in policies within organizations like the American Red Cross.

Mary Edwards Walker was a trailblazing American surgeon who overcame barriers to become the first female surgeon in the US Army during the Civil War. Despite initial denial, she served with distinction, treating wounded soldiers on the front lines and behind enemy lines. Her bravery and dedication led to her being awarded the Medal of Honor, making her the only woman to receive this prestigious military decoration. After the war, she continued her advocacy work, supporting women's suffrage through her writing and lectures.

Vivien Theodore Thomas was an American laboratory supervisor who played a crucial role in developing the Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt to treat cyanotic heart disease. Despite lacking formal education, he supervised surgical laboratories at top institutions for 35 years. Recognized for his contributions, he was awarded an honorary doctorate and named an Instructor of Surgery at Johns Hopkins. Thomas overcame poverty and racism to become a pioneer in cardiac surgery, teaching operative techniques to leading surgeons and inspiring a PBS documentary and an HBO movie.

Daniel Hale Williams was an American surgeon and hospital founder known for founding Provident Hospital, the first non-segregated hospital in the United States, in 1891. He also established an associated nursing school for African Americans. Williams achieved acclaim for completing the first successful heart surgery. In 1913, he made history by becoming the only African-American charter member of the American College of Surgeons. Throughout his career, Williams made significant contributions to the medical field and paved the way for greater diversity and inclusion in healthcare.

Michael DeBakey was an esteemed American general and cardiovascular surgeon, scientist, and medical educator known for his groundbreaking contributions to the field. He served as Chairman of the Department of Surgery, President, and Chancellor of Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. DeBakey's career spanned almost eight decades, during which he pioneered innovative surgical procedures, developed medical devices, and received numerous prestigious awards for his significant contributions to medicine. His legacy continues to inspire and influence the medical community worldwide.

William Stewart Halsted, M.D., was a pioneering American surgeon known for his emphasis on aseptic technique in surgeries, advocacy for new anesthetics, and introduction of innovative operations such as the radical mastectomy. As one of the "Big Four" founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital, he conducted groundbreaking surgeries in his renowned operating room. Despite his professional success, Halsted struggled with addiction to cocaine and morphine, which stemmed from his self-experimentation with cocaine as an anesthetic. His legacy includes significant contributions to surgical practices and medical education.

Denton Cooley was a prominent American cardiothoracic surgeon known for his groundbreaking work in the field of cardiovascular surgery. He achieved worldwide recognition for performing the first implantation of a total artificial heart. Cooley founded The Texas Heart Institute and served as the surgeon in-chief there. Additionally, he held key positions at Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center and Texas Children's Hospital. Cooley also contributed to academia as a clinical professor of Surgery at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.

James Marion Sims was an American physician known for developing surgical techniques to repair vesicovaginal fistula. He invented the Sims speculum, Sims sigmoid catheter, and the Sims position. He founded the first hospital specifically for women in New York but was forced out for treating cancer patients. Despite controversy, he was a highly esteemed physician, serving as President of the American Medical Association. Sims conducted medical experiments on enslaved black women without anesthesia, prompting ethical debates in the medical community.

C. Everett Koop was an American pediatric surgeon and public health administrator who served as the 13th surgeon general of the United States under President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1989. He became a household name due to his prominent role during the HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s. Koop was known for his work on tobacco use, AIDS, and abortion, as well as for his advocacy for the rights of children with disabilities. His professional life was marked by a commitment to public health and improving healthcare policies.

Alfred Blalock was an American surgeon renowned for his groundbreaking work on shock and tetralogy of Fallot, also known as blue baby syndrome. He collaborated with Vivien Thomas and Helen Taussig to develop the Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt, a surgical procedure that revolutionized cardiac surgery. Blalock's contributions at Vanderbilt University and Johns Hopkins University, where he served as chief of surgery, cemented his legacy as a medical pioneer. His achievements were recognized with prestigious awards, including the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award, and multiple Nobel Prize nominations.

James Tait Goodrich was an esteemed American neurosurgeon known for his exceptional work in pediatric neurosurgery. As the director of the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Montefiore Health System and a Professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, he achieved global acclaim for successfully separating conjoined twins in multiple groundbreaking procedures. His collaboration with Dr. Alferayan in Saudi Arabia further exemplified his expertise, contributing to the successful separations of two sets of craniopagus twins. Goodrich's legacy in the field of neurosurgery is marked by his pioneering surgical skills and dedication to advancing medical knowledge.

Joycelyn Elders is an American pediatrician and public health administrator who served as Surgeon General of the United States from 1993 to 1994. As the second woman, second person of color, and first African American in this role, she made a significant impact. Elders is known for openly discussing controversial topics like drug legalization, masturbation, and providing contraception in schools. Despite being forced to resign due to controversy, she continues to contribute to academia as a professor emerita of pediatrics at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.

Antonia Coello Novello is a distinguished Puerto Rican physician known for her impactful contributions to public health and administration. She made history as the first woman and first Hispanic to hold the prestigious position of Surgeon General of the United States. Novello's illustrious career also includes serving as the Commissioner of Health for the State of New York. Her remarkable achievements have been recognized with numerous awards and accolades, including induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame. She has authored a memoir reflecting on her experiences and lessons learned throughout her career.

Dr. Miami, also known as Michael Salzhauer, is a prominent American plastic surgeon who has gained celebrity status for his work in the field. He is highly active on social media platforms, where he engages with a large following. Dr. Miami has appeared on reality TV shows, released a song, and authored a children's book. His plastic surgery practice in Bay Harbor Islands, Florida, is well-known for his innovative cosmetic procedures and his ability to connect with a wide audience through various media channels.

William James Mayo was a prominent physician and surgeon in the United States, known for co-founding the world-renowned Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Alongside his brother, Charles Horace Mayo, he played a pivotal role in transforming their father's private medical practice into the prestigious not-for-profit institution it is today. Through his dedication to medicine and innovative practices, Mayo helped establish a legacy of excellence in healthcare that continues to impact the field to this day.

Dr. James Andrews is a renowned American orthopedic surgeon based in Gulf Breeze, Florida, specializing in knee, elbow, and shoulder injuries and known for his expertise in repairing damaged ligaments. He has gained widespread acclaim for his work with high-profile athletes and is considered one of the top orthopedic surgeons in the field. Dr. Andrews serves as the team doctor for prominent sports teams such as the Tampa Bay Rays, Auburn Tigers, and Washington Commanders, solidifying his reputation as a trusted and respected medical professional in sports medicine.

Charles Horace Mayo was an American medical practitioner who co-founded the Mayo Clinic along with his brother and other colleagues. He played a key role in establishing the clinic as a leading medical institution known for its collaborative approach to patient care, research, and education. Mayo's expertise and leadership helped shape the clinic's reputation for excellence in medical innovation and patient-centered care. His contributions to the field of medicine have had a lasting impact, solidifying his legacy as a pioneer in healthcare.

Robert Rey, also known as "Dr. 90210," is a highly respected Brazilian American plastic surgeon. He gained fame through his appearances on the E! reality series Dr. 90210 and has since become a prominent figure in the media as a medical correspondent on various TV shows, including The View and Good Morning America. Rey's expertise in plastic surgery has led to contributions to publications like The New York Times. His accomplishments have been recognized internationally, with appearances on the cover of Forbes Brazil solidifying his reputation in the field.

Younan Nowzaradan, also known as Dr. Now, is an Iranian-born American doctor specializing in vascular and bariatric surgery. He is renowned for his work in assisting morbidly obese individuals in losing weight through his appearances on the television show My 600-lb Life. With a focus on bariatric surgery, Dr. Nowzaradan has gained recognition for his expertise and dedication to helping patients achieve significant weight loss and improve their overall health and quality of life.

Ephraim McDowell was an American physician and pioneering surgeon known for his groundbreaking work in abdominal surgery. He achieved fame for successfully performing the first recorded ovarian tumor removal, establishing himself as a leading figure in the medical field. McDowell's innovative techniques and contributions to the field of surgery earned him the title "the father of ovariotomy" and solidified his legacy as a key figure in the history of medicine.

Howard Atwood Kelly was a prominent American gynecologist known for his pioneering contributions to the field of gynecology. He played a key role in establishing gynecology as a specialty through the development of innovative surgical techniques and pathological research. Kelly was one of the founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital and was part of the renowned "Big Four" group. He also created several medical instruments, such as the improved cystoscope, Kelly's clamp, speculum, and forceps, which have had a lasting impact on the field.

Joseph E. Murray was an American plastic surgeon known for performing the first successful human kidney transplant in 1954. His groundbreaking work in organ transplantation earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990, which he shared with E. Donnall Thomas. Murray's contributions to the field of medicine revolutionized the treatment of human diseases through organ and cell transplantation. His pioneering efforts have had a lasting impact on the medical community and have saved countless lives around the world.

Robert J. White was an American neurosurgeon and bioethicist renowned for his pioneering work in hypothermia and head transplants on mammals. His research on hypothermia led to significant advancements in the field of neurosurgery. White gained international recognition for his controversial experiments involving head transplants on living monkeys, sparking debates on the ethical implications of such procedures. Throughout his career, he contributed valuable insights to the understanding of neurological conditions and pushed the boundaries of medical science in his pursuit of innovative treatments.

Clarence Walton Lillehei was an American surgeon known for pioneering open-heart surgery and advancements in cardiothoracic surgery. He developed various techniques, equipment, and prostheses that revolutionized the field of cardiac surgery. Lillehei's innovative contributions have had a lasting impact on the medical community, improving the success rates and outcomes of complex heart surgeries. Through his work, he significantly advanced the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, ultimately saving countless lives and establishing himself as a trailblazer in the field of cardiac surgery.

David Satcher is an accomplished American physician and public health administrator. He held the rank of four-star admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and served as the 10th Assistant Secretary for Health and the 16th Surgeon General of the United States. Throughout his career, Satcher has been dedicated to advancing public health initiatives and promoting healthcare access for all. His expertise and leadership have made a significant impact on the field of public health in the United States.

William Beaumont was a prominent surgeon in the U.S. Army, earning the title of the "Father of Gastric Physiology" for his groundbreaking research on human digestion. His most notable work involved studying a patient named Alexis St. Martin, through whom he made significant contributions to understanding the digestive process. Beaumont's research and findings revolutionized the field of physiology and laid the foundation for modern understanding of how the human stomach functions. His work continues to be highly regarded in the medical community.

Regina Marcia Benjamin is an American physician and former vice admiral in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. She notably served as the 18th Surgeon General of the United States. Benjamin has a background in primary care and previously directed a nonprofit medical clinic in Bayou La Batre, Alabama. She also contributed to the healthcare field by serving on the board of trustees for the Morehouse School of Medicine. Benjamin's career highlights her commitment to public health and access to quality medical care.

Frank Jobe was an esteemed American orthopedic surgeon known for his groundbreaking work in sports medicine. He co-founded the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic and was a pioneer in elbow ligament replacement and major reconstructive shoulder surgery for baseball players. Jobe gained widespread recognition for performing the first "Tommy John surgery" in 1974, a procedure that revolutionized the field and became commonplace among major league pitchers. Additionally, he conducted the first major reconstructive shoulder surgery on a professional baseball player in 1990, extending careers and shaping the future of sports medicine.

James McHenry was a prominent Scotch-Irish American military surgeon, statesman, and Founding Father of the United States. He was a signer of the United States Constitution from Maryland and played a key role in recommending the formation of the Navy. McHenry was instrumental in representing Maryland in the Continental Congress and in the Maryland State Convention of 1788. He served as the United States Secretary of War from 1796 to 1800, under both George Washington and John Adams, leaving a significant mark on the nation's early military and political landscape.

David Henry Gorski is an American surgical oncologist and professor of surgery at Wayne State University School of Medicine, focusing on breast cancer surgery at the Karmanos Cancer Institute. Known for his skepticism and criticism of alternative medicine and the anti-vaccination movement, Gorski is a prominent blogger under the pseudonym Orac at Respectful Insolence. Additionally, he serves as the managing editor at Science-Based Medicine. With a prolific online presence, Gorski contributes valuable insights and expertise to the medical community through his writings and professional engagements.

Patrick Soon-Shiong is a prominent figure in the fields of business, investment, medical research, and philanthropy. He is a renowned transplant surgeon and the inventor of the drug Abraxane, known for its effectiveness against various types of cancer. Soon-Shiong is also the founder of NantWorks, a network of healthcare, biotech, and artificial intelligence startups. He holds key positions at prestigious institutions like the University of California, Los Angeles, Imperial College London, and Dartmouth College. Additionally, he is actively involved in philanthropic endeavors through various nonprofit organizations aiming to improve access to healthcare and education.

Dr. Mehmet Cengiz Öz, known as Dr. Oz, is a prominent American television personality, physician, and author. He is a professor emeritus of cardiothoracic surgery at Columbia University and has had a successful career in the medical field. Dr. Oz gained widespread recognition through his appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show and later hosted his own show, The Dr. Oz Show, focusing on medical and health topics. Despite his success, Dr. Oz has faced criticism for promoting pseudoscience in areas such as alternative medicine and faith healing.

Thomas Earl Starzl was an American physician and researcher renowned for his groundbreaking work in organ transplantation. He achieved global recognition for performing the first human liver transplants, earning him the title "the father of modern transplantation." Throughout his career, Starzl contributed significantly to medical and scientific advancements in the field of transplantation. His autobiography, "The Puzzle People: Memoirs Of A Transplant Surgeon," and the documentary "Burden of Genius" showcased his remarkable professional journey and the impact of his pioneering work on organ transplants.

William Williams Keen Jr. was a pioneering American physician renowned as the first brain surgeon in the United States. Throughout his career, Keen made significant contributions to the field of medicine and neurosurgery. He worked closely with six American presidents, showcasing his expertise and earning widespread recognition for his skills. Keen's groundbreaking work in the medical field and his advancements in brain surgery have left a lasting impact on the practice of neurosurgery in the United States.

Crawford Long was an American surgeon and pharmacist renowned for his pioneering use of inhaled sulfuric ether as an anesthetic, marking a significant advancement in medical history. His innovative approach revolutionized surgical procedures by providing patients with pain relief during operations. Long's groundbreaking work laid the foundation for modern anesthesia techniques and significantly improved patient outcomes in the field of surgery. Through his dedication to advancing medical practices, Crawford Long made a lasting impact on the healthcare industry and continues to be celebrated for his contributions.

William Crawford Gorgas was a distinguished United States Army physician and the 22nd Surgeon General of the U.S. Army. He is renowned for his groundbreaking work in controlling the transmission of yellow fever and malaria in locations such as Florida, Havana, and the Panama Canal. By implementing innovative strategies to combat disease-carrying mosquitoes, Gorgas played a vital role in saving numerous lives and ensuring the successful completion of the Panama Canal. Additionally, he advocated for public health reforms, such as Henry George's 'Single Tax,' to improve living conditions for the underprivileged.

Walter Jackson Freeman II was an American physician known for his controversial work in lobotomy. He sought to simplify the procedure, developing the transorbital lobotomy method that could be performed by psychiatrists in non-traditional settings. Despite lacking formal surgical training, Freeman conducted thousands of lobotomies, leading to multiple patient deaths and eventual prohibition from surgery. His actions popularized the procedure globally, sparking debate and criticism within the medical community regarding ethics and patient safety.

Samkon Gado is a Nigerian-American otolaryngologist and a former NFL running back. He played for several teams in his NFL career, including the Green Bay Packers, Houston Texans, Miami Dolphins, and St. Louis Rams. Gado began his professional football journey as an undrafted free agent signed by the Kansas City Chiefs in 2005. He played college football at Liberty University before making the transition to the NFL. After his football career, Gado pursued a medical career as an otolaryngologist.

William Chester Minor was an American army surgeon, psychiatric hospital patient, and lexicographical researcher. He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War before moving to England. Committed to a secure psychiatric hospital due to delusions, Minor contributed significantly to the Oxford English Dictionary during his incarceration. He meticulously compiled quotations from his extensive personal library to aid in the dictionary project. Minor's deportation to the United States in 1910, ordered by Winston Churchill, marked the end of his influential career in lexicography.

Marci Lee Bowers is an American gynecologist and surgeon known for her expertise in gender-affirming surgeries. She is recognized as an innovator in gender confirmation surgery and was the first transgender woman to perform such procedures. Bowers operates at medical centers in California and previously practiced in Colorado under the mentorship of Stanley Biber. She is also an expert in functional clitoral restoration after female genital mutilation, having trained under Pierre Foldès. Bowers has appeared in various media outlets and documentaries discussing transgender topics and her surgical practice.

Caldwell Blakeman Esselstyn Jr. is an American physician, author, and former Olympic rowing champion. He currently serves as the director of the Heart Disease Reversal Program at the Cleveland Clinic. Esselstyn is renowned for his advocacy of a low-fat, whole foods, plant-based diet that excludes all animal products and oils, and limits or avoids soybeans, nuts, and avocados. He is the author of the influential book "Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease" (2007), which outlines his approach to preventing and treating heart disease through dietary interventions.

George Washington Crile was a pioneering American surgeon known for his groundbreaking contributions to the field of medicine. He achieved the first successful direct blood transfusion and developed innovative surgical techniques, including neck dissection. Crile's legacy includes the design of the Crile mosquito clamp, a hemostatic forceps still used today, and the concept of balanced anesthesia combining opioids, regional anesthesia, and general anesthesia. He co-founded the prestigious Cleveland Clinic in 1921, leaving a lasting impact on the medical community.

Norman Shumway was a pioneering figure in the field of heart surgery, known for his groundbreaking work at Stanford University. He served as the 67th president of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and made history by performing the first adult human-to-human heart transplantation in the United States. Shumway's contributions to the medical community were significant, as he played a key role in advancing the field of cardiac surgery and saving countless lives through his innovative procedures and techniques.

Garth Fisher is a renowned American plastic surgeon recognized for his work on the ABC television show Extreme Makeover. With a focus on aesthetic/cosmetic plastic surgery, his expertise lies in procedures for the face, nose, breast, and various other body parts. Fisher has built a prestigious clientele comprising entertainers, celebrities, and business executives, reflecting his reputation as a leading specialist in the field. His career highlights include pioneering advancements in plastic surgery techniques and delivering exceptional results to his patients.

Frederic E. Mohs was an American physician and general surgeon known for developing the Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) technique in 1938 while a medical student at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. This procedure, considered the best method for treating certain types of skin cancer, boasts high cure rates for even high-risk lesions while preserving healthy tissues. Mohs dedicated his professional life to advancing surgical techniques and improving cancer treatment, leaving a lasting impact on the field of dermatology and oncology.

Adrian Kantrowitz was an American cardiac surgeon known for his pioneering work in cardiac surgery. He performed the world's second heart transplant attempt in 1967, and although the operation was not successful, he made significant contributions to medical technology by inventing the intra-aortic balloon pump and a left ventricular assist device. Kantrowitz also played a key role in the development of an early version of the implantable pacemaker. In addition to his medical achievements, he was a founding member of the World Cultural Council in 1981.

Judah Folkman was an American biologist and pediatric surgeon renowned for his pioneering work in tumor angiogenesis research. He established the field of angiogenesis research, focusing on how tumors attract blood vessels to support their growth. Folkman's groundbreaking research led to the development of therapies that either inhibit or stimulate neovascularization, offering new approaches to treating cancer and other diseases. His contributions have had a lasting impact on the understanding and treatment of tumor development and progression.

Jan Rudalgo Adams is a former American cosmetic surgeon, author, and television presenter. With a background in cosmetic surgery, Adams gained recognition for his work in the field, performing various procedures to enhance the appearance of his patients. Additionally, Adams authored books related to cosmetic surgery and appeared on television as a presenter, sharing insights and advice on the topic. Throughout his career, Adams made significant contributions to the field of cosmetic surgery and increased public awareness through his writing and television appearances.

James D. Hardy was a pioneering United States surgeon known for performing groundbreaking surgical procedures. He conducted the world's first lung transplant in John Russell, as well as attempted the world's first modern heart transplant using a chimpanzee heart in Boyd Rush. These operations took place at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson. Hardy's work pushed the boundaries of medical science and transplantation techniques, demonstrating his innovative approach and commitment to advancing surgical procedures.

Charles David Kelman was an accomplished American ophthalmologist, surgeon, inventor, and entertainer. Known as the father of phacoemulsification, he revolutionized cataract surgery with his innovative techniques and devices. Kelman's contributions to the field earned him prestigious awards and recognition, including the National Medal of Technology and the Ophthalmologist of the Century title. He also had a successful career as a jazz musician and Broadway producer, showcasing his talents on television and in various musical venues.

Francis Davis Millet was a versatile American artist known for his work as a classical painter, sculptor, and writer. He achieved recognition for his academic approach to painting and his skill in sculpting. Millet was also a respected author, contributing to the field of art criticism and writing about his experiences. His professional life was marked by a dedication to artistic excellence and a commitment to his craft. Tragically, his life was cut short in the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912.

Ernest Amory Codman, M.D., was an American surgeon known for his pioneering work in outcomes management in patient care. He advocated for hospital reform and established the first systematic method of tracking patients' progress through recoveries. Codman's "End Result Cards" tracked patient demographics, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes to identify clinical missteps for future improvements. He founded the concept of "end results system" and established his own hospital to implement his performance measurement and improvement objectives. Codman's contributions also include founding the American College of Surgeons and the first bone tumor registry in the United States.

Louis Tompkins Wright, MD, FACS was a prominent American surgeon and civil rights activist. As the first African-American on the surgical staff of a non-segregated hospital in New York City, he made significant contributions to the field of medicine. Known for his medical research, he also played a pivotal role in advocating for racial equality in healthcare. His involvement with the NAACP, where he served as chairman for almost two decades, further showcased his commitment to advancing civil rights and equality for all.

Sherwin Bernard Nuland was an accomplished American surgeon, writer, and educator known for his contributions to the fields of bioethics, history of medicine, and general medicine. He taught at the Yale School of Medicine and occasionally at Yale College. Nuland authored the acclaimed book How We Die, which became a bestseller and received prestigious literary awards. He also wrote for prominent publications like The New Yorker and The New York Times. Nuland was recognized for his significant contributions to medicine, ethics, and academia, earning accolades such as the Jonathan Rhoads Gold Medal.

John Benjamin Murphy was a pioneering American physician and abdominal surgeon known for advocating early surgical intervention in appendicitis and for various eponymous medical terms. His career spanned across multiple surgical specialties, including general surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, and cardiothoracic surgery, leading to international recognition in the medical field. Renowned as a surgeon, clinician, teacher, innovator, and author, Murphy performed and described innovative procedures in various disciplines such as neurosurgery, gynecology, urology, and vascular surgery, solidifying his reputation as a surgical genius.

Samuel D. Gross was an influential American academic trauma surgeon known as "The Nestor of American Surgery." He gained recognition through his contributions to the field of surgery and was immortalized in Thomas Eakins' renowned painting, The Gross Clinic. His professional achievements led to the creation of a bronze statue in his honor by Alexander Stirling Calder, which was originally placed on the National Mall before being relocated to Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia in 1970.

John Shaw Billings was an influential figure in the fields of library science, medicine, and public health. He played a key role in modernizing the Library of the Surgeon General's Office, overseeing the development of the nation's first comprehensive medical library. Billings also collaborated with Andrew Carnegie to establish the New York Public Library. He made significant contributions to public health by heading the U.S. Census Bureau's Vital Statistics division and aiding in the organization of military hospitals. Additionally, he was involved in research on yellow fever and provided medical expertise to institutions like Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Jayant Mukundray Patel is an Indian-born American surgeon who faced accusations of gross negligence during his time at Bundaberg Base Hospital in Queensland, Australia. Following the deaths of some of his patients in 2005, Patel was convicted of three counts of manslaughter and one case of grievous bodily harm in 2010. However, these convictions were later quashed in 2012, leading to a retrial. Ultimately, Patel pleaded guilty to fraud, was barred from practicing medicine in Australia in 2015, and his remaining charges were dropped.

Robert A. Good was an American physician known for performing the first successful human bone marrow transplant between non-identical twins. His groundbreaking work in immunology established him as a pioneer in the field. Good's contributions to medicine revolutionized the understanding and treatment of diseases related to the immune system. He was a distinguished member of various prestigious organizations, including the National Academy of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

John Julian Cuttance Wild was an English-born American physician known for his pioneering work in the field of medical ultrasound. He was a key figure in the early use of ultrasound for body imaging, particularly for cancer diagnosis. Wild and his colleagues developed the foundational equipment for modern ultrasonic diagnostic medical scans in the 1950s. His contributions have earned him the title of the "father of medical ultrasound", highlighting his significant impact on the advancement of medical imaging technology.

Transplant surgeon Donald Dafoe is a leading expert in pancreas transplantation at the UCI School of Medicine. With a specialization in diabetes research, he has authored over 160 peer-reviewed scientific articles. As the head of the transplantation division, Dr. Dafoe plays a pivotal role in advancing medical knowledge and practice in the field. His contributions to the medical community are highly regarded, and his expertise in pancreas transplantation has made a significant impact in the healthcare industry.

Vivek Hallegere Murthy is a British-American physician and vice admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. He has served as the 19th and 21st surgeon general of the United States under Presidents Obama, Trump, and Biden. Murthy is the first surgeon general of Indian descent and was the youngest active duty flag officer in federal uniformed service during his first term. He co-chaired President-elect Biden's COVID-19 Advisory Board and was later confirmed by the Senate for a second term as U.S. surgeon general. Biden also nominated him to be the U.S. representative on the World Health Organization's executive board.

Tenley Albright is an accomplished American former figure skater and surgeon. She achieved numerous accolades in figure skating, including being the Olympic champion in 1956 and silver medalist in 1952. She was also a two-time World Champion and North American champion. Albright's success extended to the U.S. national championships from 1952 to 1956. In addition to her skating achievements, she is a graduate of Harvard Medical School, showcasing her dedication to both sports and academia. She was honored with induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2015.

Dorry L. Segev is a distinguished figure in the medical field, holding positions as the Marjory K. and Thomas Pozefsky Professor of Surgery at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, professor of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and associate vice chair of the Department of Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Renowned for his work in transplantation, he has pioneered advancements such as a mathematical model for a national kidney paired donation program and played a key role in the passing of the HIV Organ Policy Equity Act.

Alec Kessler was a talented American college basketball player for the University of Georgia before playing professionally for the Miami Heat in the NBA and in Italy for Olimpia Stefanel Milano. Following his basketball career, he transitioned into the field of medicine and became an orthopedic surgeon. Kessler's dedication and work ethic on the court translated seamlessly into his work as a surgeon, where he continued to make a positive impact through helping others with his medical expertise.

Emeline Horton Cleveland was a pioneering American physician known for her groundbreaking contributions to the field of medicine. She was one of the first women to perform major abdominal and gynecological surgeries in the United States. Cleveland also became associated with a large public hospital, where she established one of the earliest nursing assistant training programs in the country. With a strong educational background and extensive postgraduate training in obstetrics, gynecology, and hospital administration, she eventually became the dean of the Woman's Medical College.

Clarence Dennis was an American cardiothoracic surgeon renowned for pioneering cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the medical field. He gained recognition for inventing one of the earliest heart-lung bypass machines, which revolutionized open-heart surgeries. In 1951, Dennis made history by being the first surgeon to successfully utilize this device during an open-heart operation. His groundbreaking contributions in developing CPB technology significantly advanced the field of cardiac surgery and paved the way for improved patient outcomes in complex cardiac procedures.

Lester Mills Crawford, Jr. is an American veterinarian and former Commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Appointed by President George W. Bush, he served a brief tenure from July to September 2005. Following his resignation, Crawford pleaded guilty in October 2006 to a conflict of interest and false reporting related to stocks in companies under his regulatory oversight. He received a sentence of three years of supervised probation and a fine of approximately $90,000 for these violations.

Max Lake, a pioneering surgeon and the first Australian to specialize in hand surgery, transitioned his career towards his passion for food and wine. He made a significant impact on the Australian wine industry by establishing a boutique winery in Hunter Valley. Lake's contributions extended beyond winemaking as he authored influential books like "Classic Wines of Australia." His diverse professional journey showcases a remarkable shift from the medical field to the realm of gastronomy, leaving a lasting legacy in both industries.

Francis Daniels Moore was an American surgeon renowned for his pioneering work in experimental surgical treatments. He made significant contributions to refining burn-treatment techniques and was involved in the world's first successful organ transplant, specifically a kidney transplant. Moore accurately determined the volume of water and nutrients in the human body using radioactive isotopes. Recognized for his achievements, he was awarded the Lister Medal in 1978 and became a member of prestigious organizations such as the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.

Leroy Edgar Burney was an American physician and public health official who served as the eighth Surgeon General of the United States from 1956 to 1961. Throughout his career, Burney focused on promoting public health initiatives and policies to improve the well-being of the American population. He played a key role in advocating for tobacco control measures and raising awareness about the dangers of smoking. Burney's tenure as Surgeon General was marked by his dedication to advancing public health and preventive medicine efforts.

Mary Jane Safford-Blake was a pioneering figure in the fields of nursing, medicine, and education. She gained recognition as a nurse during the American Civil War, earning the nickname "Cairo Angel" for her dedicated service. Following the war, she became one of the first female gynecologists in the United States, achieving a significant milestone by performing the first ovariotomy by a woman. She continued to make strides in education by teaching at Boston University and becoming one of the first women elected to the Boston School Committee.

Henry H. Kessler was an American physician and surgeon renowned for his pioneering work in rehabilitation medicine and orthopedic surgery. He emphasized holistic treatment, focusing on the complete well-being of patients rather than just physical ailments. Kessler's significant contributions include founding the Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation and penning five influential books on rehabilitation medicine. His dedication to advancing the field and enhancing the lives of individuals through comprehensive care solidified his legacy as a trailblazer in the medical community.

Rufus Henry Gilbert was an American surgeon and inventor known for his work on rapid transit in New York City. He made significant contributions to the field of surgery and medical science during his career. Gilbert also played a pivotal role in the development and implementation of rapid transit systems in New York City, showcasing his innovative mindset and problem-solving abilities. His work in both surgery and transportation engineering left a lasting impact on the medical and urban planning communities, solidifying his legacy as a versatile and accomplished professional.