Famous Austrian Leaders

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was the heir presumptive to the throne. He held significant influence over the military and was appointed inspector general of the armed forces in 1913. His assassination in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young Bosnia, was the immediate cause of World War I. The event led to the July Crisis and Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia, triggering a series of events that escalated into a global conflict involving their allies.

Klemens von Metternich was a prominent conservative Austrian statesman and diplomat who served as the Austrian Empire's foreign minister and later as Chancellor. He played a key role in the European balance of power during the Concert of Europe era, leading Austria through significant diplomatic events such as the Congress of Vienna. Metternich's "Metternich system" of international congresses helped maintain stability in Europe, although he faced criticism for his suppression of liberalism and nationalist movements within the Austrian Empire.

Engelbert Dollfuß was an Austrian politician who served as Chancellor and Dictator of Austria from 1932 to 1934. He initially held the position of Minister for Forests and Agriculture before becoming Federal Chancellor during a conservative government crisis. Dollfuß took drastic measures in response to political unrest, including suppressing the Socialist movement and banning the Austrian Nazi Party. He solidified his rule through the First of May Constitution in 1934. Dollfuß was assassinated in a failed Nazi coup attempt, leading to Kurt Schuschnigg taking over until the Anschluss in 1938.

Sebastian Kurz is a former Austrian politician who served as chancellor of Austria twice, from December 2017 to May 2019 and then again from January 2020 to October 2021. He began his political career by joining the Young People's Party (JVP) in 2003 and rose through the ranks. Kurz held various government positions, including state secretary and foreign minister. He was known for his reformist approach, rhetorical skills, and leadership during his tenure, which included forming coalitions with different parties and responding to challenges such as the European refugee crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Kurz's career was marked by successes in revitalizing the conservative movement in Austria and Europe, but also by controversies and scandals that ultimately led to his resignation from the chancellorship.

Georg von Trapp was an accomplished officer in the Austro-Hungarian Navy during World War I, where he gained recognition as the most successful submarine commander. He earned numerous decorations for his achievements, including the prestigious Military Order of Maria Theresa. Following his military career, von Trapp experienced financial hardship during the Great Depression, prompting his family to turn to singing as a means of livelihood. Despite declining a commission in the German Navy, he ultimately emigrated to the United States with his family.

Prince Eugene of Savoy was a distinguished field marshal in the Army of the Holy Roman Empire and Austrian Habsburg dynasty during the 17th and 18th centuries. Renowned as one of the greatest military commanders of his era, he served three emperors and achieved numerous victories in battles such as the Ottomans Siege of Vienna, the Nine Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession, and Austro-Turkish conflicts. Known for his strategic brilliance, he secured peace in Europe through his military successes and diplomatic skills.

Franz Jägerstätter was an Austrian farmer known for his unwavering commitment to his beliefs as a conscientious objector during World War II. Despite facing immense pressure, he refused to fight for Nazi Germany, ultimately leading to his sentencing to death and execution. Jägerstätter's courageous stance against the oppressive regime exemplified his strong moral convictions and dedication to living by his principles. His steadfast refusal to compromise his values has since been recognized and honored by the Catholic Church through his beatification as a martyr.

Arthur Seyss-Inquart was an Austrian Nazi politician who held various positions within Nazi Germany, including serving as Chancellor of Austria for two days before the Anschluss, deputy governor to Hans Frank in Occupied Poland, and Reich commissioner for the German-occupied Netherlands. He played a key role in the deportation of Dutch Jews and the shooting of hostages. He was also involved in transferring power to Germany during Austria's annexation and held the position of governor of Ostmark. Seyss-Inquart was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and was subsequently executed.

Kurt Schuschnigg was an Austrian politician who served as Chancellor of Austria from 1934 until the country's annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938. He believed in Austria's independence and opposed Hitler's efforts to merge it into the Third Reich. Following the Anschluss, Schuschnigg resigned and was imprisoned in concentration camps. He was liberated in 1945 by the US Army and spent the remainder of his life working in academia in the United States, eventually becoming an American citizen in 1956.

Johann Graf Radetzky von Radetz was an Austrian field marshal who served as chief of the general staff during the Napoleonic Wars. He played a key role in the allied victory, particularly through the Trachenburg Plan and the Leipzig Campaign. Radetzky later implemented military reforms in the Austrian army. Known for his discipline and fairness, he was revered by his troops as "Father" Radetzky. His notable victories include those at the Battles of Custoza and Novara during the First Italian War of Independence.

Jörg Haider was an Austrian politician known for his leadership roles in various political parties, including the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ). He served as Governor of Carinthia and was a controversial figure both domestically and internationally. Haider faced diplomatic sanctions due to his party's involvement in the Austrian government. His career ended tragically when he passed away in a car accident shortly after the 2008 Austrian parliamentary elections, where he led the BZÖ.

Bruno Kreisky was an influential Austrian social democratic politician who held key positions in government, serving as Foreign Minister and later as Chancellor for a total of 13 years. His tenure as Chancellor, known as the Kreisky era, was the longest of any Chancellor in Austrian history. He played a significant role in Western European social democracy and worked closely with other prominent figures in the Socialist International, such as Willy Brandt of West Germany and Olof Palme of Sweden.

Karl Renner was an Austrian politician and jurist known for his pivotal role in shaping the political landscape of Austria. He served as the leader of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria and played a significant role in establishing and leading the governments of the Republic of German-Austria, the First Austrian Republic, and the Second Republic. Renner's leadership during crucial periods such as the aftermath of World War I and the fall of Nazi Germany cemented his reputation as a key figure in Austrian history.

Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi was a pioneering politician, philosopher, and count known for his role in European integration. He founded and served as the president of the Paneuropean Union for nearly five decades. He authored the influential book Pan-Europa in 1923, which laid the groundwork for the Pan-Europa movement. Notable public figures such as Albert Einstein, Thomas Mann, and Sigmund Freud attended Pan-Europa congresses. Coudenhove-Kalergi received the prestigious Charlemagne Prize in 1950 and proposed several symbols and initiatives for European unity, including the European Anthem and Europe Day.

Adolf Hitler was a German politician and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He led the Nazi Party and became Chancellor in 1933, consolidating power as Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. Hitler initiated World War II with the invasion of Poland in 1939, overseeing military operations and the Holocaust. He implemented racist policies, annexed territories, and pursued aggressive foreign policies, resulting in widespread devastation and loss of life during the war. Hitler's regime was responsible for the genocide of millions and extensive civilian casualties.

Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli was an Austrian general who achieved the rank of field marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. He led the Second Army and played a significant role in the Galicia front throughout the war. Known for his strategic acumen and leadership skills, Böhm-Ermolli made important contributions to the military efforts of the Central Powers. Later in his career, he was honored with the title of German Generalfeldmarschall in recognition of his service and accomplishments.

Archduke John of Austria was an Austrian field marshal, known for his leadership during the Revolutions of 1848. He played a crucial role as the imperial regent of the German Empire, overseeing the political landscape during this tumultuous period. His military expertise and strategic acumen were instrumental in navigating the challenges faced by the empire. Archduke John's professional life was marked by his dedication to serving his country and upholding the interests of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty.

Archduke Karl of Austria is an Austrian politician and head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He has been actively involved in politics, serving as a member of the European Parliament and advocating for the Pan-European movement. In addition to his political career, Karl Habsburg has focused on protecting cultural heritage, particularly from threats like armed conflict and natural disasters. He was the president of the cultural protection organization Blue Shield International for over a decade. Karl has also showcased his versatility by hosting a TV game show in the past.

Archduke Franz Karl of Austria was a prominent member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He played a significant role in Austrian politics and was known for his diplomatic skills. As a father of two emperors and grandfather of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, his influence extended across generations. His involvement in the affairs of the empire helped shape the course of history, culminating in the events that led to the outbreak of World War I. Archduke Franz Karl's legacy is intertwined with the political landscape of his time.

Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este served as a Feldmarschalleutnant in the Austrian military, holding the rank of a "two stars" general. He passed away at the age of 28 from typhus while stationed in Brno. Ferdinand's professional life included his military service and leadership within the Austrian armed forces, showcasing his dedication and commitment to his duties as a military officer. His role as a Feldmarschalleutnant highlighted his expertise and responsibilities within the military hierarchy.

Ernst Kaltenbrunner was a high-ranking Austrian SS official during the Nazi era, joining the Nazi Party in 1930 and the SS in 1931. He became a leader of the Austrian SS by 1935 and played a key role in orchestrating the Holocaust. Appointed chief of the Reich Security Main Office in 1943, he oversaw security and law enforcement agencies involved in extermination, suppression of resistance movements, and executions. Found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials, he was sentenced to death and executed in 1946.

Friedrich von Wieser was an influential economist of the Austrian School who significantly contributed to economic theory. He transitioned from sociology and law to economics after encountering Carl Menger's work. Known for works like Natural Value and Social Economics, Wieser's explanation of marginal utility theory was pivotal in economic thought. He emphasized the importance of accurate economic calculation, the necessity of prices for economic activity, and the role of entrepreneurs in driving economic change. Wieser's ideas on socialism, economic efficiency, and individual leadership continue to influence economic discourse.

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria was an Austrian soldier, administrator, and patron of the arts. He held various military commands and served as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands. Known for his interest in art, he patronized renowned artists of his time, amassing a notable collection of 17th-century Venetian and Dutch paintings. Despite being nominated for the position of Holy Roman Emperor, he chose to step aside in favor of his nephew. His legacy lives on through the art he collected, now housed in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria had a distinguished military career, starting in Infantry Regiment 57 in Brno. He commanded a brigade in Italy and fought against insurgents in Prague in 1848. He later served as a general in Moravia and Silesia before becoming a lieutenant field marshal of the Austrian Army. His contributions to the military continued as he held various positions of command and leadership, displaying strategic prowess and dedication to his duties.

Franz Josef Popp played a significant role in the founding and development of BMW AG. Serving as the First General Director from 1922 to 1942, he was instrumental in shaping the company into the mobility giant it is today. Popp's leadership and vision were crucial in navigating the company through its early challenges and establishing its place in the automotive industry. His contributions to BMW AG's growth and success solidify his legacy as a key figure in the history of the company.

Georg Ritter von Schönerer was an Austrian landowner and politician active in late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a major proponent of pan-Germanism and German nationalism in Austria, known for his radical views against political Catholicism and antisemitism. Schönerer exerted significant influence on the young Adolf Hitler and was recognized as the most extreme pan-German nationalist in Austria during his time.

Maximilian III of Austria, a member of the House of Habsburg, served as the Archduke of Further Austria from 1612 until his death. He briefly pursued the Polish throne as Maximilian of Poland but was unsuccessful. Additionally, he held the position of Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. Throughout his professional life, Maximilian III was involved in political and monarchical pursuits, seeking to expand his influence and power within the realms of Austria and Poland, while also fulfilling his duties within the Teutonic Order.

Archduke Maximilian Eugen of Austria held various military positions throughout his career. He served as a commander in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I and later worked in the Ministry of War. Maximilian Eugen also held the position of Inspector General of the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was known for his dedication to his military duties and was respected for his leadership skills. Additionally, Maximilian Eugen played a role in the political landscape of Austria during his lifetime.

Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria was a prominent military leader and statesman, serving as a general in the Austrian army and later as the Inspector General of the Imperial Army. He played a significant role in military campaigns and was known for his strategic acumen and leadership skills. Additionally, he held various political offices, contributing to the administration and governance of the Austrian Empire. His career was marked by dedication to duty and service to his country, earning him respect and recognition.

Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, an Austrian general, served as Chief of the General Staff of the Austro-Hungarian military from 1906 to 1917. He advocated for preemptive war against Serbia to save the Empire, but faced challenges with unpreparedness and political obstacles. Despite successes like the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive and the conquest of Serbia with German assistance, his reliance on German support grew. Dismissed as Chief of Staff in 1917, he later commanded an army group on the Italian Front until retirement in 1918.

Heinz-Christian Strache is a former Austrian politician and dental technician. He served as Vice-Chancellor of Austria from 2017 to 2019, Minister of Civil Service and Sports from January 2018 to May 2019, and chairman of the Freedom Party (FPÖ) from April 2005 to May 2019. Strache was a member of the National Council from October 2006 to December 2017 and also served in the municipal council and state legislature of Vienna. He resigned from his positions following his involvement in the Ibiza affair and later retired from politics, eventually joining the Alliance for Austria party in 2020.

General Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz was a distinguished Field Marshal in the Austrian army, known for his service during the Napoleonic Wars and his pivotal role in suppressing the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire. He displayed strategic prowess and leadership on the battlefield, earning respect and recognition for his military acumen. Throughout his career, he demonstrated a steadfast commitment to upholding the interests of the Austrian Empire and maintaining stability during times of conflict and unrest.

Karl Lueger was an Austrian lawyer and politician who notably served as the Mayor of Vienna from 1897 until his passing in 1910. He is recognized for his role in modernizing Vienna during the early 20th century. Lueger founded and led the Austrian Christian Social Party, known for its populist and antisemitic ideologies, which have since sparked controversy. His political legacy, often associated with Adolf Hitler's Nazism, continues to be a subject of historical analysis and debate.

Archduke Joseph August Viktor Klemens Maria of Austria was a Feldmarschall (field marshal) of the Austro-Hungarian Army and briefly served as the head of state of Hungary. He played a significant role in military leadership, commanding troops and overseeing strategic operations. Known for his dedication and service, Archduke Joseph August was respected for his contributions to the armed forces and his leadership during his time in the Austro-Hungarian Army.

Prince Ernst Rüdiger Camillo von Starhemberg was an Austrian nationalist and politician who played a significant role in introducing Austrofascism and establishing a clerical fascist dictatorship in Austria during the interwar period. He was a key figure in the Heimwehr and later the Fatherland Front, holding positions such as Minister of Interior, Vice-Chancellor, and Acting Chancellor. Fleeing Austria during the Nazi invasion, he briefly served with the Free French and British forces in World War II before living in exile in Switzerland and later Argentina.

Heinz Fischer is a former Austrian politician who served as President of Austria from 2004 to 2016. Prior to his presidency, he held various important positions, including minister of science from 1983 to 1987 and president of the National Council of Austria from 1990 to 2002. Fischer was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) until 2004 when he suspended his party membership upon assuming the presidency. Throughout his career, he played a significant role in shaping Austrian politics and governance.

Eduard Roschmann was an Austrian Nazi SS-Obersturmführer who served as the commandant of the Riga Ghetto in 1943. During his time in this role, he was responsible for overseeing numerous heinous acts, including murders and other atrocities against the inhabitants of the ghetto. His actions led to him being famously referred to as the "Butcher of Riga." Roschmann gained further notoriety through his fictionalized portrayal in the novel The Odessa File by Frederick Forsyth and its subsequent film adaptation.

Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria was an Austro-Hungarian archduke and army commander during World War I. He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army, playing a significant role in various military operations. Known for his leadership skills and strategic acumen, Archduke Peter Ferdinand was actively involved in planning and executing military campaigns. His contributions to the army's efforts during the war were widely recognized, and he gained a reputation for his dedication to the military and his commitment to serving his country.

Werner Faymann is an Austrian former politician who served as Chancellor of Austria and chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) from 2008 to 2016. He resigned from both positions on 9 May 2016 due to growing criticism within his party. During his tenure, Faymann focused on social welfare policies, environmental issues, and economic development. He was known for his efforts to promote social justice and equality, as well as his support for refugee rights and integration.

Lothar Rendulic was an Austrian army group commander in the Wehrmacht during World War II, attaining the rank of Generaloberst. Alongside two other Austrians, he held this distinction in the German armed forces. He faced trial at the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials in 1948, where he was acquitted of some charges related to wartime actions but convicted of killing hostages in Yugoslavia. Following his release from prison in 1951, Rendulic transitioned to a career in writing.

Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria served as Elector of Cologne and Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. He was the last fully functioning Elector of Cologne and a significant employer and patron of the young Ludwig van Beethoven. Maximilian Francis played a crucial role in supporting Beethoven's early career and nurturing his talent. His patronage and support were instrumental in helping Beethoven establish himself as a prominent composer of his time. Additionally, Maximilian Francis held various key positions that contributed to his influence and impact in the political and cultural spheres of his era.

Ernst Gideon von Laudon was an Austrian military officer known for his successful military campaigns against the Prussian king Frederick the Great. Joining the Austrian army in 1732, he rose through the ranks and became renowned for his strategic brilliance and leadership on the battlefield. Laudon played a significant role in numerous battles and sieges during the Seven Years' War, earning a reputation as one of the most formidable opponents of Frederick the Great. He was highly respected for his tactical skills and military achievements.

Archduke Felix of Austria served in various professional roles throughout his life, including as a businessman, banker, and philanthropist. He was involved in several charitable organizations and foundations, dedicating his time and resources to supporting causes related to education, culture, and heritage preservation. Additionally, he played a significant role in promoting and preserving the historical legacy of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Archduke Felix was known for his dedication to public service and his commitment to upholding the traditions of his family.

Karl Maria Wiligut was an Austrian occultist and soldier who served in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. He later became a prominent member of the Irminism movement, espousing his esoteric beliefs. Wiligut's career took a significant turn when he was recruited by Heinrich Himmler to join the SS. He played a key role in shaping Himmler's vision of a pseudo-historical SS mythology, influencing various aspects of SS ideology and rituals. Wiligut's occult teachings and involvement with the SS marked a dark chapter in his professional life.

Karl Radek was a revolutionary and writer involved in the Polish and German social democratic movements pre-World War I. He played a key role in the Russian Revolution and became a leader in the Soviet Union. Radek worked closely with Vladimir Lenin, contributing to the Communist Party of Germany's establishment. Despite facing imprisonment for his involvement in uprisings, he later held positions in the Comintern Executive Committee. Radek's support for Leon Trotsky led to his expulsion from the Party, followed by accusations of treason during the Great Purge and subsequent imprisonment and death in a labor camp.

Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg, was an Austrian Generalissimo and former Field Marshal known for his military service spanning from 1788 to 1815. He fought in various wars against Napoleon, playing key roles in battles such as Wagram, Gorodechno, Leipzig, and Paris. Schwarzenberg was a pioneer of the Trachenberg Plan during the War of the Sixth Coalition, leading to important victories. His successful campaigns in Germany, Switzerland, and France earned him a reputation as a skilled military commander. Post-war, he served as a diplomat and ambassador for the Austrian Empire.

Pamela Rendi-Wagner is an Austrian physician and politician who has held various significant roles in public health and government. She has served as director-general for public health in the Austrian Ministry of Health, minister for health and women, and as a member of the National Council for the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ). Rendi-Wagner made history as the first woman to lead the SPÖ and has been actively involved in advocating for healthcare and women's issues. She currently serves as the director of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria, also known as Vasyl Vyshyvanyi, was a colonel of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, a poet, and a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was actively involved in military service as a colonel, leading the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen. Additionally, he showcased his literary talents through his poetry. His professional life was marked by his dual role as a military leader and a poet, making significant contributions in both realms during his time.

Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg was an influential Austrian and Czech diplomat and statesman known for his role as State Chancellor and his advocacy for enlightened absolutism. He played a key role in shaping foreign policies during the reigns of Maria Theresa, Joseph II, and Leopold II in the Habsburg monarchy. In 1764, he was honored with the title of a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. Over the course of about four decades, he held significant responsibilities in government and diplomacy, leaving a lasting impact on European politics.

Major-General Rudolf Carl von Slatin was an Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator known for his service in Sudan. He played a significant role in the region, serving as a military officer and later as the Governor-General of Darfur. Von Slatin's expertise in diplomacy and administration was recognized through various honors and titles he received. His career was marked by his dedication to serving in challenging environments and his contributions to the governance and development of Sudan during a crucial period in its history.

Heinrich Lammasch was an Austrian jurist known for his expertise in criminal and international law. He served as a professor in these fields and was a member of the Hague Arbitration Tribunal. Lammasch briefly held the position of Minister-President of Austria in 1918. He was notable for being the first commoner to serve as Minister-President in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Monarchy. Despite not being born into nobility, Lammasch made significant contributions to the legal and political landscape of Austria.

Victor Adler was an Austrian politician and leader of the labour movement. He founded the Social Democratic Workers' Party and played a significant role in uniting the Austrian labour movement. Adler fought against anti-socialist laws, advocated for universal suffrage, and supported the idea of the United States of Greater Austria. He was a member of the Imperial Council parliament and a supporter of the Second International. Adler led the Social Democratic Party of Austria in Vienna and served in the Austrian government before his death in 1918.

Anton Johann Haus, an Austrian naval officer, became fleet commander of the Austro-Hungarian Navy during World War I, displaying strategic prowess and leadership. Despite his Slovenian-speaking background, Haus rose through the ranks to become the Navy's Grand Admiral in 1916 until his passing. His tenure saw him navigate the challenges of wartime naval operations with skill and determination. Haus's legacy as a respected figure in naval history is marked by his significant contributions and command during a pivotal period in European military conflict.

Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria was a dedicated professional who made significant contributions in the field of medicine during World War I. His work with the Red Cross earned him a doctorate in medicine. He demonstrated his commitment to helping others by providing medical care and support to those in need during the war. His efforts in the healthcare field showcased his passion for service and his willingness to contribute to the well-being of others in times of crisis.

Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria was a distinguished member of the House of Habsburg, serving as a Grand Admiral in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. He played a significant role in naval affairs, demonstrating leadership and strategic prowess in his position. Additionally, he was considered a candidate for the Polish crown, showcasing his diplomatic and political influence. Throughout his professional life, Archduke Charles Stephen made notable contributions to both the military and political spheres, leaving a lasting impact on the history of the region.

Maximilian Ulysses Browne was a distinguished Austrian military officer known for his service to the Habsburg Emperor during the mid-18th century. With a background as an Irish refugee and a scion of the Wild Geese, Browne rose to become one of the highest-ranking officers in the Habsburg military. He displayed exceptional strategic prowess and leadership skills on the battlefield, earning him a reputation as a brilliant tactician. Browne's contributions to the Habsburg military greatly impacted their operations and successes during this period.

Archduke Eugen of Austria-Teschen was a prominent figure in the Habsburg dynasty, serving as an Archduke of Austria and a Prince of Hungary and Bohemia. He held the prestigious position of the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, showcasing his leadership and administrative skills. Throughout his professional life, Archduke Eugen played a significant role in diplomatic and military affairs, contributing to the political landscape of his time. His legacy as a respected noble and statesman endures in his lasting impact on the historical legacy of the Habsburg dynasty.

Wilhelm Miklas was an Austrian politician who held the position of President of Austria from 1928 to 1938. During his tenure, he faced challenges such as the Great Depression and rising tensions with Nazi Germany. Miklas sought to maintain Austrian independence and stability, but ultimately, he was unable to prevent the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938. Despite his efforts, Miklas was unable to prevent this significant event in Austrian history.

Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria served as the Viceroy of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia from 1818 to 1848. He held prominent titles including Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary, and Bohemia. Throughout his professional life, he played a significant role in governing the region and implementing policies. As a Viceroy, he was responsible for managing the affairs of Lombardy–Venetia on behalf of the Austrian Empire, demonstrating leadership and administrative capabilities during his tenure.

Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen, served as the supreme commander of the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. His leadership and strategic decisions played a crucial role in military operations and decision-making throughout the conflict. He was responsible for overseeing the army's actions, coordinating with other military leaders, and making critical decisions to ensure the army's effectiveness on the battlefield. Archduke Friedrich's professional life was dedicated to military service and his role as a commanding figure in one of the major European powers during a tumultuous period in history.

Count Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky was a Bohemian noble and Austrian statesman from the House of Kolowrat. As a moderate liberal politician, he played a significant role during the Vormärz era, being one of the major opponents of State Chancellor Prince Klemens von Metternich. In the March Revolution of 1848, he served as the first constitutional Minister-President of Austria, although his tenure was short-lived as he resigned after just one month in office.

Alma Zadić is an accomplished Austrian lawyer and prominent politician affiliated with the Green Party. She assumed the role of Minister of Justice on 7 January 2020 under the leadership of Chancellors Sebastian Kurz, Alexander Schallenberg, and Karl Nehammer. With a background in law, Zadić has been actively involved in shaping legal policies and overseeing the justice system in Austria. Her dedication to public service and commitment to upholding justice have solidified her reputation as a respected figure in Austrian politics.

Eduard Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe, was an Austrian statesman who served as Minister-President of Cisleithania for two terms, from 1868 to 1870 and 1879 to 1893. He came from a noble dynasty with hereditary titles in both the Holy Roman Empire and the United Kingdom. Taaffe's leadership during his terms in office was marked by his commitment to governance and public service, as he navigated complex political challenges and implemented policies aimed at promoting stability and progress within the region.

Karl Rahm was a Sturmbannführer in the German Schutzstaffel. From February 1944 to May 1945, he served as the commandant of the Theresienstadt concentration camp, succeeding two other commanders. During his tenure, Rahm oversaw the brutal treatment and inhumane conditions of the prisoners, resulting in numerous war crimes. Following the end of World War II, he was held accountable for his actions and was sentenced to death by hanging for his role in the atrocities committed at the camp.

Nicholas Frank Hugo Greiner AC is an Australian politician known for his significant roles within the Liberal Party. He served as the 37th Premier of New South Wales from 1988 to 1992, as well as the Leader of the New South Wales Division of the Liberal Party from 1983 to 1992. Greiner was also the Leader of the Opposition in New South Wales from 1983 to 1988. His career also includes serving as the Federal President of the Liberal Party of Australia and as the Consul-General in New York.

Alexander Van der Bellen is an Austrian economist and politician who previously served as a professor of economics at the University of Vienna. He transitioned to politics and became the spokesman of the Austrian Green Party. Van der Bellen held various roles within the Green Party, including leader and parliamentary group leader. He successfully ran for president in 2016 as an independent candidate supported by the Greens. Van der Bellen is known for his centrist liberal views, supporting green and social liberal policies, as well as advocating for European federalism.

Michael Hainisch was an Austrian politician known for his significant role as the first President of Austria from 1920 to 1928. He rose to power following the collapse of the monarchy at the conclusion of World War I. Hainisch's tenure was marked by his efforts to establish a stable democratic government in Austria during a tumultuous period of transition. He was instrumental in shaping the early years of the newly formed Austrian republic and played a key role in its political development.

Baron Alexander von Bach was an Austrian politician known for instituting a system of centralized control during Emperor Franz Joseph I's reign. He served as Minister of the Interior and was a key figure in the Austrian government during the mid-19th century. Von Bach's efforts aimed to streamline administration and strengthen imperial authority, leading to significant reforms in the bureaucratic system. His centralized approach faced both praise and criticism, shaping his legacy as a controversial but influential figure in Austria's political landscape.

János Damjanich was an Austrian military officer who rose to prominence as the general of the Hungarian Revolutionary Army during the 1848 revolution. Known for his strategic brilliance and leadership skills, Damjanich played a crucial role in several key battles against the Habsburg forces. He earned a reputation as a fearless and dedicated commander, inspiring his troops to fight for Hungarian independence. Damjanich's legacy as a national hero in Hungary is marked by his unwavering commitment to the cause of freedom and sovereignty.

Count István Széchenyi was a prominent Hungarian politician, political theorist, and writer. He is revered as one of the most distinguished statesmen in Hungarian history, holding the title of "the Greatest Hungarian." Széchenyi made significant contributions to the political landscape of Hungary through his innovative ideas and actions. His work focused on promoting economic development, modernization, and social reform in the country. Széchenyi's legacy continues to inspire and influence political thought and decision-making in Hungary to this day.

Herbert Fux was a versatile Austrian actor who had a prolific career in the film industry spanning nearly five decades. Known for his versatility, he appeared in over 140 films from 1960 until his passing in 2007. Fux showcased his acting skills in a wide range of roles, establishing himself as a respected figure in the Austrian film scene. Beyond his acting career, he also dabbled in politics, showcasing his diverse interests and talents throughout his professional life.

Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy was a prominent Austrian military leader who served as a field marshal during the reign of Maria Theresa. He was known for his strategic prowess and leadership on the battlefield. Lacy was a trusted advisor to Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II and played a significant role in shaping military strategies and policies. He was recognized for his achievements with the title of count of the Holy Roman Empire, cementing his status as a respected figure in the Austrian military hierarchy.

Thomas Klestil was an Austrian diplomat and politician who served as president of Austria from 1992 until his death in 2004. He was elected to office in 1992 and re-elected in 1998. Prior to becoming president, Klestil had a distinguished career in diplomacy, serving in various diplomatic roles for Austria. He played a key role in strengthening Austria's international relations and promoting its interests on the global stage, earning respect for his diplomatic skills and leadership qualities.

Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany was a member of the Tuscan line of the House of Habsburg. He held the titles of Archduke of Austria and Prince of Tuscany by birth. Throughout his professional life, he was known for his dedication to public service and philanthropy. He actively participated in various charitable organizations and initiatives, aiming to make a positive impact on society. Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria was recognized for his commitment to social causes and his efforts to improve the welfare of others.

Adolf Jellinek was an Austrian rabbi and scholar known for his work in Leipzig and Vienna. He served in clerical positions in Leipzig before becoming a preacher at the Leopoldstädter Tempel in Vienna. Jellinek was highly regarded for his expertise in Jewish theology and his eloquent preaching style. His professional life was marked by a dedication to his faith, a commitment to educating others about Judaism, and a passion for scholarly research. Jellinek's contributions left a lasting impact on the Jewish community in Austria.