Bankers

John Pierpont Morgan was a prominent American financier and investment banker who played a significant role in shaping corporate finance during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. As the head of what became J.P. Morgan and Co., he led industrial consolidations and formed multinational corporations such as U.S. Steel, International Harvester, and General Electric. Morgan's influence extended to various American businesses and railroads, and he played a pivotal role in saving the American monetary system during the Panic of 1907. His dedication to efficiency and modernization earned him the title of America's "greatest banker."

David Rockefeller was a highly successful American economist and investment banker, known for his leadership as chairman and chief executive at Chase Manhattan Corporation. He was distinguished for his strong political ties and international engagements with various world leaders. His exceptional financial expertise led him to accumulate a substantial fortune, which was estimated at $3.3 billion upon his passing.

James Dimon is a prominent American banker and businessman renowned for his leadership as chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase since 2006. His career began in management consulting, and he held important positions at American Express, Commercial Credit, Travelers, Smith Barney, and Citigroup. Dimon was CEO of Bank One before its merger with JPMorgan Chase in 2004, where he subsequently served as COO and later became CEO. He has also been active on numerous boards and is widely acknowledged as one of the world's most influential individuals.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild was a prominent banker who founded the influential Rothschild banking dynasty. He is renowned for his strategic financial acumen and innovative banking practices, which contributed to the establishment of a successful banking empire with a lasting impact on the global financial landscape.

Mark Carney is a well-known Canadian economist and banker with an impressive background in central banking and finance. He has served as the governor of both the Bank of Canada and the Bank of England, showcasing exceptional leadership skills during difficult economic periods. Carney has also been involved in significant roles within the private sector, having worked at firms such as Goldman Sachs and Brookfield Asset Management. His expertise in ensuring global financial stability is evident through his leadership as chairman of the Financial Stability Board. Moreover, Carney plays a critical role as the UN Special Envoy for Climate Action and Finance.

Andrew William Mellon was a prominent American banker, businessman, industrialist, philanthropist, and politician. He notably served as the United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1921 to 1932, where he played a key role in shaping economic policies during the 1920s and navigating the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Mellon, a conservative Republican, was known for his advocacy of tax reduction and debt reduction strategies. His influence extended to the banking sector, where he established successful financial institutions and made investments across various industries. Mellon's legacy is marked by his significant contributions to art, education, and public institutions.

Baron David René James de Rothschild is a well-known French banker recognized for his leadership within the Rothschild family business. He currently holds the position of supervisory board chairman at Rothschild & Co and chairman at Rothschild Continuation Holdings, a Swiss holding company. With extensive experience in finance, he plays a vital role in managing and supervising the operations of these esteemed institutions, ensuring their ongoing success and advancement in the industry.

Evelyn Robert de Rothschild was a renowned British financier celebrated for his substantial impact on the finance industry. His exceptional leadership and expertise in various financial ventures established him as a distinguished figure in the field. His strategic insights and business acumen were pivotal in shaping the financial landscape, while his dedication to excellence and innovation distinguished him as a respected industry leader.

Amadeo Giannini, also known as A. P. Giannini, was an American banker who founded the Bank of Italy, later known as Bank of America. He transformed modern banking by providing services to middle-class Americans, including Italian immigrants, instead of focusing solely on the wealthy. Giannini pioneered the holding company model and created one of the first multinational institutions. His innovative strategies and commitment to a wider customer base revolutionized the banking sector in his time.

Jacob Schiff was a well-known German-born American banker, businessman, and philanthropist who played a crucial role in financing the expansion of American railroads and supporting Japanese military efforts during the Russo-Japanese War. After the Civil War, he immigrated to the US and joined Kuhn, Loeb & Co., where he became a prominent figure on Wall Street. Schiff was a key Jewish leader during the "Schiff era", actively addressing major Jewish issues and challenges. He held director positions in several significant corporations, such as National City Bank of New York, Equitable Life Assurance Society, Wells Fargo & Company, and Union Pacific Railroad.

Mervyn King is a British economist and public servant who served as the Governor of the Bank of England from 2003 to 2013. He is currently a School Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics and a professor of economics and law at New York University's Stern School of Business and School of Law. King has held various academic positions at prestigious institutions, worked on economic projects as a researcher, and held key roles at the Bank of England, including chief economist and deputy governor.

Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmukh was an influential Indian civil servant who held various significant roles. He was the first Indian to be appointed as Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. He later served as Finance Minister and was a founding member of NCAER. Following his resignation from the Union Cabinet, he went on to become Chairman of UGC, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Delhi, and President of the Indian Statistical Institute. Additionally, he founded the India International Center and chaired the Indian Institute of Public Administration.

Alfred Herrhausen, a notable German banker, chaired Deutsche Bank and was a pivotal figure in its management board. He was an influential member of the Bilderberg Group's Steering Committee and a trusted advisor to Helmut Kohl. Herrhausen advocated for a unified European economy and made significant contributions to policies concerning developing countries. Tragically, his professional career was cut short by an assassination, believed to be carried out by the Red Army Faction during an attack on his armored convoy.

Jean-Claude Trichet, a renowned French economist, served as President of the European Central Bank from 2004 to 2011 following a successful term as Governor of the Bank of France. After his time at the ECB, he participated in speaking engagements, sat on the board of directors of the Bank for International Settlements, and provided economic policy consultations with the non-doctrinal think tank, Bruegel. Trichet gained global recognition for his influence, ranking fifth on Newsweek's list of the world's most powerful individuals in 2008.

Emilio Botín was a well-known Spanish banker who held the position of executive chairman at Grupo Santander. During his tenure, the bank saw notable growth and expansion through strategic mergers and acquisitions, such as incorporating Banesto and merging with Banco Central Hispano to form Banco Santander Central Hispano (BSCH). Botín was praised for his unwavering dedication to performance and growth, frequently visiting branches to uphold operational standards. His vision and guidance were instrumental in establishing BSCH as one of the leading banks in Europe.

Frank McKenna is a distinguished Canadian businessman, former politician, and diplomat who has held significant roles in his career. He served as the Canadian Ambassador to the United States and as the 27th premier of New Brunswick. Currently, McKenna holds the position of Deputy Chairman at the Toronto-Dominion Bank. He is renowned for his successful tenure as premier, during which he accomplished the extraordinary feat of securing every seat in the province in his initial election. Throughout his professional life, McKenna has demonstrated a dedication to public service and excellence in the business realm.

Edmond James de Rothschild made significant contributions to the banking and financial services sector. He was instrumental in expanding the family's business interests globally, particularly in real estate, mining, energy, agriculture, and winemaking. His professional legacy includes a strong commitment to philanthropy and the establishment of nonprofits to support various causes and give back to society.

Steven Mnuchin is an American investment banker and film producer. He served as the 77th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 2017 to 2021 under President Donald Trump. Mnuchin started his career at Goldman Sachs and went on to become its chief information officer. He later founded hedge funds, established a film production company, and sat on the boards of Kmart and Sears Holdings. Mnuchin took charge of OneWest Bank after acquiring Indymac during the financial crisis, and he backed Trump's tax cuts and regulatory initiatives during his tenure as Treasury Secretary.

Thomas Fahr Steyer is an American climate investor, businessman, hedge fund manager, philanthropist, environmentalist, and liberal activist. He co-founded Galvanize Climate Solutions, was the former co-senior-managing-partner of Farallon Capital, and co-founder of OneCalifornia Bank. Steyer managed $20 billion in capital for institutions and high-net-worth individuals. He served on Stanford University's board of trustees and was a partner at Hellman & Friedman. Steyer signed The Giving Pledge and founded NextGen America to support progressive causes. He briefly ran for the Democratic nomination for president in 2020. In 2021, he co-founded Galvanize Climate Solutions, a climate-focused investment firm.

Pierre Olivier Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa is a French banker who has built a successful career in the United States. He is recognized as a prominent figure in the financial industry, renowned for his expertise and leadership abilities. Sarközy has made substantial contributions to the banking sector, showcasing a steadfast dedication to excellence and innovation. His achievements and reputation have firmly established him as a respected and influential figure in the finance world.

Jacob Rothschild, a British investment banker, played key roles in business and public life in Britain. He started his career at N M Rothschild & Sons in London and later founded the J. Rothschild Assurance Group. He held various positions including Deputy Chairman at BSkyB Television and was involved with RHJ International and Blackstone Inc. Rothschild was also active in philanthropic efforts, focusing on supporting art and heritage organizations, cultural preservation, and philanthropy in Israel.

Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici, an Italian banker and politician, ascended to prominence in Florence during the Italian Renaissance by leveraging his wealth and forming strategic alliances. While known for his support of arts and culture, his power was limited by the Florentine legislative councils, who considered him first among equals rather than a supreme ruler. Despite encountering opposition and being forced into exile at times, Cosimo's impact as a key figure in Florence was characterized by his adeptness at maneuvering and brokering deals within the intricate political environment of the city-state.

Carl C. Icahn is a prominent American businessman and investor known for founding and overseeing Icahn Enterprises, a diversified conglomerate headquartered in Florida. He is celebrated for his strategic investment tactics, which involve acquiring substantial stakes in companies and advocating for changes to improve shareholder value. Icahn rose to prominence in the 1980s as a successful "corporate raider" through hostile takeovers. With a net worth in the billions, he is considered one of the most accomplished hedge fund managers and investors on Wall Street, recognized for his role in popularizing activist shareholder strategies.

Marvin Bush is a prominent American businessman with a proven track record of success across multiple industries. He is recognized for his expertise in business management, investment, and entrepreneurship. Throughout his career, Marvin has played pivotal roles in various organizations, driving growth and achieving success through strategic decision-making and business acumen. His leadership and experience have established him as a highly respected figure within the business community.

Ronald Perelman, a prominent American figure in finance, business, investment, and philanthropy, is the proprietor of MacAndrews & Forbes Incorporated. This company boasts a wide array of investments in sectors ranging from groceries to gaming, including cigars, cosmetics, automobiles, photography, television, and more. Perelman also holds substantial stakes in notable companies such as Deluxe Entertainment, Revlon, SIGA Technologies, and RetailMeNot. In 2020, he divested most of his ownership in AM General due to financial strains stemming from leveraged buyouts. While his wealth declined significantly from $19.8 billion in 2018 to $1.9 billion in 2022, Perelman continues to actively engage in the business sphere.

Lloyd Blankfein is an American investment banker known for his leadership as chairman and chief executive of Goldman Sachs from 2006 to 2018. Starting as a precious metals salesman, he rose through the ranks to oversee different divisions within the company. Blankfein successfully steered Goldman Sachs through the financial crisis of 2007–08, garnering praise for his management during the challenging period. By leveraging monetary policies and bailouts, he solidified Goldman Sachs' position as a key player in the industry. Blankfein's accomplishments in finance earned him widespread acclaim and recognition for his influential contributions.

Henry "Hank" Merritt Paulson Jr. is a prominent American investment banker and financier who served as the 74th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 2006 to 2009 under President George W. Bush. Before his government tenure, he held the positions of chairman and CEO at investment bank Goldman Sachs. Paulson established the Paulson Institute in 2011, dedicated to promoting sustainable economic growth and environmental conservation worldwide, with a focus on the U.S. and China. Additionally, he currently acts as the executive chairman of the TPG Rise Climate fund.

Carter Page is an American petroleum industry consultant and former foreign-policy adviser to Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential campaign. He is the founder of Global Energy Capital, a company that specializes in Russian and Central Asian oil and gas business. Page was a subject of the 2017 Special Counsel investigation regarding potential links between Trump associates and Russian officials. The Mueller report did not find evidence that he coordinated with Russia in its interference efforts. Page was under FBI surveillance through FISA warrants, two of which were later determined to be invalid. Several lawsuits brought by Page were dismissed by courts.

Nathaniel Philip Victor James Rothschild is a British-born financier known for his wide range of international business interests. He settled in Switzerland and serves as the chairman of Volex plc, a UK-listed manufacturer. Apart from his role at Volex plc, he is involved in various other professional endeavors. Rothschild is renowned for his expertise in finance and has excelled in navigating the business world with his diverse set of skills and experience.

Marc Rich was a well-known international commodities trader, financier, and businessman. He established the commodities company Glencore and gained recognition for his participation in numerous significant business transactions. Rich encountered legal issues in the United States after being charged with offenses such as tax evasion, wire fraud, racketeering, and engaging in contentious oil transactions during the Iran hostage crisis. To evade prosecution, he ultimately fled to Switzerland and later received a controversial presidential pardon from President Bill Clinton.

Mikhail Prokhorov is a well-known Russian-Israeli entrepreneur who has had a significant impact on the metals industry. He played a key role in acquiring state-owned assets in post-Soviet Russia, which led to the establishment of Norilsk Nickel, a major player in nickel and palladium production. Prokhorov has also been involved in leading Polyus Gold, Russia's largest gold producer, and serving as the President of Onexim Group. In addition to his business ventures, he made a foray into politics by running for the Russian presidency in 2012 and later founding the Civic Platform party. Prokhorov's wealth has earned him a place among the world's wealthiest individuals, as recognized by Bloomberg and Forbes.

Gina Nadira Miller, a prominent business owner and activist of Guyanese-British descent, is widely recognized for her impactful legal battles against the British government. She rose to prominence for initiating a high-profile court case in 2016 that challenged the government's ability to enact Brexit without parliamentary consent. In 2019, she successfully contested the government's decision to suspend Parliament, receiving support from prominent individuals. Furthermore, she established the True and Fair Campaign to promote transparency and accountability in the investment and pension sectors, showcasing her commitment to fighting financial wrongdoing.

Gary Cohn is an American businessman and philanthropist known for his significant contributions in the public and private sectors. He served as Director of the National Economic Council and chief economic advisor to President Donald Trump, where he played a key role in shaping the administration's economic policies. With over 25 years of experience at Goldman Sachs, Cohn held executive positions before venturing into various industries such as cybersecurity, blockchain infrastructure, and medical technology. He continues to advise and invest in companies within these sectors and holds leadership positions at IBM and Pallas Advisors.

J. P. Morgan Jr. was a notable American banker and finance executive who successfully managed J.P. Morgan & Co. after his father's passing. He was a talented finance executive who learned the ropes from his father and grandfather, eventually becoming a respected banking financier and director of multiple companies. Morgan gained recognition for facilitating major transactions, such as overseeing his company's role as the main buyer of munitions and supplies for the British and French governments in World War I, as well as offering financial support to foreign governments in the aftermath of the war.

Harry M. Markopolos is a former American securities industry executive with expertise in forensic accounting and financial fraud investigation. He gained recognition for uncovering evidence that Bernie Madoff's wealth management business was a massive Ponzi scheme. Despite alerting the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission with supporting documents multiple times, his warnings were repeatedly ignored. Markopolos later published a book detailing his experience in exposing the Madoff fraud and has criticized the SEC for its failure to investigate properly.

Nathan Mayer Rothschild made a name for himself as a prominent banker, businessman, and financier by founding the English branch of the well-known Rothschild family. With expertise in finance and business, he emerged as a leading figure in the financial realm. Through astute investments and strategic choices, he achieved success and earned respect in the banking industry. His contributions played a vital role in the expansion and success of the family business, establishing them as a force to be reckoned with in the financial sector.

Jonathan James Bush was a prominent American banker known for his remarkable achievements in the banking industry. Through a distinguished career, he demonstrated expertise and leadership, making substantial advancements in the financial sector. His dedication to excellence, innovation, and strategic thinking established him as a highly regarded figure in the banking realm. His legacy is defined by a track record of success and a significant influence on the financial landscape.

Jakob Fugger of the Lily was a well-known German merchant, mining entrepreneur, and banker. He transformed his family business into a prosperous enterprise that spanned across Europe, specializing in textile trade and banking transactions with significant partners. Fugger was instrumental in European politics, backing the Habsburg dynasty and funding important political initiatives. His enduring impact is evident in the establishments he created in Augsburg, notably the Fuggerei social housing complex, and his contributions to trade voyages to India and the Maluku Islands.

James Forrestal transitioned from a successful career on Wall Street to government service, serving as Undersecretary of the Navy in 1940 before becoming Secretary of the Navy in 1944. He played a crucial role in strengthening the Navy during World War II. Appointed as the first Secretary of Defense in 1947, Forrestal was noted for his strong anti-Soviet stance and his advocacy for naval battle groups with aircraft carriers as their focal point. However, his tenure was marred by disagreements with President Truman, culminating in his resignation.

Paul Wolfowitz is an American political scientist and diplomat who has held prominent positions such as the President of the World Bank, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia, and dean of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. He is known for advocating the Iraq War and being labeled as an architect of the conflict, although he later denied influencing policy on Iraq. Wolfowitz resigned from the World Bank presidency amidst a scandal involving alleged favoritism towards a romantic partner. He remains a polarizing figure in American politics.

Henry Sturgis Morgan Sr. was a key figure in the American banking industry, having co-founded the esteemed financial institution Morgan Stanley. His influence was instrumental in shaping the success and reputation of the institution. Moreover, Morgan held leadership positions at the renowned Morgan Library & Museum, furthering the causes of art and literature preservation. Through his expertise and guidance, Henry Sturgis Morgan earned recognition as a revered banker and cultural supporter, making a lasting impact in both realms.

Lucio Tan Sr. is a distinguished Filipino business tycoon known for his leadership of the diversified conglomerate LT Group, Inc. Under his guidance, the company has ventured into various industries such as sports, banking, airline, liquor, tobacco, real estate, beverages, and education. Tan's remarkable business acumen and strategic investments have led to his significant wealth and influence. As of 2024, his estimated net worth is US$2.6 billion, solidifying his position as a prominent figure in the Philippine business scene.

Charles Humphrey Keating Jr. was a multifaceted individual with involvement in sports, law, real estate, banking, finance, and activism. He became infamous for his participation in the savings and loan scandal of the late 1980s. Keating excelled as a swimmer in his early years and later transitioned to becoming an anti-pornography advocate, establishing the organization Citizens for Decent Literature. During the 1980s, he managed American Continental Corporation and the Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, culminating in his conviction on various charges related to fraud and conspiracy.

Jorge Paulo Lemann is a Brazilian billionaire known for co-founding global investment firm 3G Capital. He has led 3G Capital in acquiring major brands like Burger King, Anheuser-Busch, and Heinz. Lemann's strategic investments and business acumen have made him the richest person in Brazil with a net worth of US$17 billion. His success in finance and entrepreneurship has established him as a prominent figure in the business world.

Nickolas F. Oppenheimer is a well-known South African billionaire businessman recognized for his key contributions to the diamond industry. He held prominent roles as the chairman of De Beers and its subsidiary, the Diamond Trading Company. Furthermore, he served as the deputy chairman at Anglo American, a multinational mining corporation. Nicky Oppenheimer's accomplishments have solidified his reputation as a highly influential figure in African business, particularly in the mining sector.

Neel Kashkari is an American banker, economist, and politician recognized for his contributions in government and finance. He played a key role as the interim Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability during the Financial crisis of 2007–2008, where he was responsible for managing the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). Prior to his government service, Kashkari started his career as an aerospace engineer and later transitioned into investment banking at Goldman Sachs. Following his tenure at Goldman Sachs, he worked at Pimco before venturing into politics by running for Governor of California in 2014. Currently, Kashkari holds the position of president at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.

Robert Morris Jr. was a notable American merchant, investor, and politician who was instrumental in the establishment of the United States. Referred to as the "Financier of the Revolution," Morris held key roles in the Second Continental Congress and the United States Senate. He was pivotal in managing financial affairs during the Revolutionary War, ensuring provisions for the Continental Army and founding the Bank of North America. Additionally, Morris made significant contributions to the creation and adoption of the United States Constitution.

Marcus Goldman was a well-known American investment banker, businessman, and financier who founded Goldman Sachs, a globally respected investment bank. He was recognized for his financial expertise and strategic business decisions, which led Goldman Sachs to become one of the largest and most influential investment banks globally. His legacy in the finance world remains strong, with Goldman Sachs maintaining its position as a powerhouse in the industry.

William M. Daley is an American lawyer, politician, and former banker with a distinguished career. He has held influential positions such as White House Chief of Staff under President Barack Obama and U.S. Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton. Daley has also been part of the executive committee at JPMorgan Chase & Co. He has showcased his expertise in both government and finance through roles at BNY Mellon and Wells Fargo. Additionally, he has been a candidate for Governor of Illinois and participated in the Chicago mayoral election.

Robert Edward Rubin, an American retired banking executive, lawyer, and former government official, served as the 70th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury during the Clinton administration. Prior to his government role, Rubin had a successful career at Goldman Sachs. He played a significant part in shaping economic policies during the Clinton era, including contributing to the 1993 Deficit Reduction Act and Balanced Budget Act of 1997. While praised for his economic contributions, Rubin has faced criticism for policies that some believe played a role in the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Currently, he is involved in various organizations and serves as a senior counselor at Centerview Partners.

Peter R. Orszag is a prominent American business executive currently serving as the Chief Executive Officer of Lazard. He has held key positions within Lazard, including CEO of Lazard's Financial Advisory and Vice Chairman of Investment Banking. Prior to Lazard, Orszag had a distinguished career in finance, serving as Vice Chairman at Citigroup. He also has a strong background in public service, having been the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under President Barack Obama and Director of the Congressional Budget Office. Orszag is actively involved in various prestigious organizations and serves on several boards of directors.

Michael Novogratz is an American investor known for his prominent roles in the finance industry. He previously worked at Fortress Investment Group before transitioning to become the CEO of Galaxy Investment Partners. Novogratz's expertise lies in cryptocurrency investments, and he is recognized for his contributions to the development and growth of this sector. With a strong background in finance and a focus on emerging technologies, he continues to play a significant role in shaping the landscape of digital assets and investment opportunities.

Roberto Calvi, an Italian banker nicknamed "God's Banker" due to his strong connections with the Holy See, was the chairman of Banco Ambrosiano. The bank's collapse during a significant political scandal marked a pivotal moment in Calvi's career. His mysterious death in London in 1982, initially thought to be suicide by hanging, was later determined to be a murder. Throughout his professional life, Calvi held influential positions in the banking industry and had ties to powerful entities such as the Vatican Bank, the Sicilian Mafia, and the Propaganda Due Freemasonry lodge.

Jérôme Kerviel gained notoriety for his involvement as a French rogue trader in the 2008 Société Générale trading loss scandal. He was convicted and imprisoned for breaching trust, forgery, and unauthorized use of the bank's computers, resulting in losses amounting to €4.9 billion. Kerviel's case underscored the dangers of unauthorized trading and the significant financial risks within the banking sector.

Vikram Shankar Pandit is an Indian-American banker and investor recognized for his leadership as the chief executive officer of Citigroup from 2007 to 2012. He now serves as chairman and CEO of The Orogen Group. Pandit was honored with the Padma Bhushan award in 2008 by the Government of India for his substantial contributions to trade and industry. His career showcases extensive experience and expertise in the financial sector through various leadership roles in banking and investments.

Chanda Kochhar, the former managing director and chief executive officer of ICICI Bank from 2009 to 2018, resigned from her positions in 2018 due to a conflict of interest case. Subsequently, she was dismissed by ICICI Bank. Kochhar is currently facing allegations of money laundering and has been arrested by the Central Bureau of Investigation in connection with alleged loan fraud charges. In 2019, a case was filed against her for granting high-value loans to Videocon with conspiracy during 2009.

Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, was a multi-talented British figure with notable roles in banking, politics, zoology, and the military. He was instrumental as a Zionist leader and a key figure in the presentation of the Balfour Declaration, supporting a Jewish national home in Palestine. Additionally, he held the position of president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926. Throughout his career, Rothschild made substantial contributions across various fields, demonstrating his diverse interests and capabilities.

George Bingham, also known as Lord Bingham, is a British hereditary peer. He successfully petitioned the House of Lords to have his succession recognized, enabling him to inherit the peerages. Bingham holds a connection to Field Marshal The 3rd Earl of Lucan and was educated at Eton College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He has not participated in internal Lords by-elections as of March 2018.

Edmond J. Safra was a renowned billionaire banker and philanthropist who established successful banking operations in Brazil and Switzerland. Known for his exceptional financial skills and dedication to philanthropy, Safra supported various charitable causes throughout his career. His impeccable professional reputation earned him widespread recognition and respect in the financial industry. Tragically, his life was cut short in a highly publicized incident attributed to arson, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and generosity.

Kenneth Grahame achieved success in his professional career at the Bank of England. Although his plans to attend university were derailed, he thrived in his role at the bank. Before writing his most famous work, The Wind in the Willows, Grahame authored several books such as Pagan Papers, The Golden Age, and Dream Days. His diverse skills and passions were evident in his literary talent and dedication to both his writing and banking careers.

Theodore Roosevelt V is a prominent American investment banker and managing director at Barclays Investment Bank. He is involved in prestigious organizations including the Council on Foreign Relations, the Economic Club of New York, and the Foreign Policy Association. Roosevelt is also on the Advisory Council of Represent.Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization. Additionally, he is known for his role as a dedicated conservationist, demonstrating his commitment to environmental causes and sustainability efforts.

Nathaniel Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, was a highly regarded British banker and politician known for his financial expertise and political contributions. He played a crucial role in expanding and overseeing the Rothschild family's banking operations globally. Additionally, Nathan Rothschild held various political positions, influencing economic policies and diplomatic affairs. His reputation as a respected figure in British society was established through his significant impact in both finance and politics.

Joseph Safra was a prominent banker and billionaire businessman known for leading the Safra Group, a Brazilian banking and investment empire. He served as the chairman of various Safra companies, including Safra National Bank of New York and Banco Safra in São Paulo, Brazil. Safra was recognized as Brazil's wealthiest individual and the richest banker globally. Forbes estimated his net worth at US$22.8 billion, making him one of the wealthiest individuals in the world. His professional focus was on expanding his banking and investment enterprises to global success.

Junius Spencer Morgan was a prominent American banker and financier who founded J. S. Morgan & Co. in London in 1864. He successfully transformed the banking house into a trans-Atlantic financial powerhouse with branches in London, New York City, Philadelphia, and Paris. At the time of his passing in 1890, the Morgan banks had emerged as key players in government and railroad finance, solidifying his firm as a leading American banking institution.

Walther Funk was a German economist and Nazi official who held significant government positions during the Nazi regime. He served as Reich Minister for Economic Affairs and president of Reichsbank, where he played a crucial role in mobilizing the German economy for rearmament efforts. Additionally, Funk oversaw the implementation of forced labor in concentration camps. Following World War II, he was convicted as a major war criminal at the Nuremberg Trials and sentenced to life in prison. Funk was released on health grounds in 1957 and passed away three years later.

Jacopo de' Pazzi, a renowned Florentine banker, commissioned the construction of Palazzo Pazzi. He had Stefano di Ser Niccolo da Bagnone as his secretary and daughter's tutor. In 1464, Jacopo became the head of the Pazzi family. He was a key figure in the failed Pazzi conspiracy, a plot to overthrow the ruling Medici family in Florence. After the unsuccessful assassination attempt on the Medici brothers, Jacopo fled the city but was later captured, tortured, and publicly executed.

Samuel Sachs, a prominent American investment banker, co-founded Goldman Sachs with Marcus Goldman. He revolutionized merchant banking by pioneering the underwriting of initial public offerings for major companies, enabling them to raise substantial funds through stock sales. His innovative financing approach transformed the financial landscape, establishing Goldman Sachs as a leading investment bank. Sachs' contributions continue to influence modern banking practices, making a lasting impact on the world of finance.

Sir John Marks Templeton was a well-known American-born British investor, banker, fund manager, and philanthropist. He founded the Templeton Growth Fund in 1954, which saw impressive growth averaging over 15% annually for 38 years. He was a pioneer in emerging market investments during the 1960s and was acknowledged as one of the top global stock pickers by Money magazine in 1999. Templeton's professional impact lies in his inventive investment strategies and outstanding performance in the financial sector.

James Mayer de Rothschild was a prominent banker known for founding the French branch of the Rothschild family. He played a vital role in expanding the family's banking business across Europe, earning respect for his business acumen and strategic investments. His dedication and commitment to excellence solidified his reputation as a leading figure in the finance world during the 19th century.

Chips Keswick, a British merchant banker, played a crucial role in overseeing Jardine Matheson, a company originally established by William Jardine. From June 2013 to May 2020, Keswick served as the chairman of Arsenal Football Club, showcasing his involvement and influence in the sports industry. Throughout his professional life, he demonstrated strong leadership in the financial sector, particularly in managing the operations of Jardine Matheson.

John Hoeven III is an American banker and politician affiliated with the Republican Party. He was the 31st governor of North Dakota from 2000 to 2010 and has been serving as the senior U.S. senator from North Dakota since 2010. Before entering politics, Hoeven had a successful career in banking, holding executive positions such as president of the Bank of North Dakota. He currently sits on the board of directors at First Western Bank & Trust and is considered one of the wealthiest U.S. senators, with an estimated net worth of $45 million.

Randolph David Lerner is an American billionaire businessman recognized for his ownership of sports teams. He was the majority owner of the Cleveland Browns in the NFL after taking over from his father in 2002 and later sold the team in 2012. Lerner also owned and chaired English club Aston Villa F.C. from 2006 until its sale in 2016 following relegation. As of July 2024, Forbes estimated his net worth at $1.2 billion.

Sanford I. Weill is a notable American banker, financier, and philanthropist recognized for his key roles as the chief executive and chairman of Citigroup. He held these positions from 1998 to October 1, 2003, and April 18, 2006, respectively. Weill's leadership and strategic direction were instrumental in transforming Citigroup into a leading global financial services giant during his time at the helm. Noteworthy achievements in his career include overseeing significant mergers and acquisitions that bolstered Citigroup's growth and influence in the financial sector.

Haym Salomon was an influential American merchant who made significant contributions during the American Revolution. He served as the primary financier to the Continental Congress, working closely with Robert Morris to provide financial support to the Patriots. Salomon played a crucial role in converting French loans into hard currency, selling bills of exchange, and securing large donations for the Patriot cause. Despite sacrificing his entire fortune to support the Continental Army and the Founding Fathers, Salomon tragically passed away with little to his name in 1785.

George Herbert Walker Sr. was a renowned American banker and businessman celebrated for his prosperous finance career. During his law studies at Washington University, he gained acclaim as the amateur heavyweight-boxing champion of Missouri. His professional journey was distinguished by his exceptional proficiency in the banking sector, where he played a pivotal role in advancing the industry. Walker's enduring impact is evident through his prominent stature in the financial realm, distinguished by his sharp business acumen and strategic leadership.

Sheikh Sulaiman Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi is a prominent Saudi Arabian corporate figure and billionaire recognized for his substantial contributions to the business and philanthropic sectors. He established an Islamic bank and allocated a significant portion of his wealth to charitable endeavors, gaining acclaim for his philanthropic work. His impactful initiatives involve backing charity programs and executing successful national projects. Through his professional achievements, Sheikh Sulaiman has become a respected and influential figure in both the corporate and philanthropic realms.

Ariane de Rothschild is a distinguished banker from El Salvador and France, who has made history as the CEO of Edmond de Rothschild Group since March 2023. She is recognized for her exceptional leadership and financial acumen, being the first woman and non-Rothschild lineage individual to lead a Rothschild-branded financial institution. Throughout her career, she has shown a steadfast dedication to excellence and innovation in the finance industry, earning acclaim for her strategic vision and business expertise worldwide.

John Jacob Astor III was a prominent American financier, philanthropist, and soldier who played a pivotal role in shaping the financial landscape of his time. He demonstrated exceptional acumen in finance and made significant contributions to various industries. His philanthropic endeavors highlighted his commitment to giving back to society, while his military service showcased his dedication to his country during the American Civil War.

Elvira Nabiullina is a distinguished Russian economist and the current governor of the Central Bank of Russia. She has held important roles within the Russian government, such as serving as an economic adviser to President Vladimir Putin and as the Minister of Economic Development. Nabiullina is highly regarded for her expertise and influence on a global scale, having been recognized as one of the most powerful women in the world by Forbes. With a prestigious federal state civilian service rank, she has made substantial contributions to shaping the economic landscape of Russia.

Ernest Oppenheimer was a notable figure in the diamond and gold mining industry, celebrated for his business acumen and entrepreneurial drive. He played a pivotal role in managing De Beers, a key player in the diamond market, and founding the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa. His leadership greatly influenced the growth and progress of the mining sector in South Africa. Oppenheimer's enduring legacy as a philanthropist and business pioneer is acknowledged for his strategic foresight and industry impact.

Arundhati Bhattacharya is a prominent figure in the Indian banking sector, having been the first female Chairperson of the State Bank of India. She currently serves as the Chairperson and CEO for Salesforce, India. With an impressive career, she was ranked as the 25th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes in 2016 and was the only Indian corporate leader on Fortune's world's greatest leaders list in the same year. Her achievements have been featured in publications such as the Harvard Business Review, highlighting her remarkable professional journey.

Stephen Girard was an American banker and philanthropist who made significant contributions to the banking industry in the United States. He played a crucial role during the War of 1812 by personally financing the American war effort, preventing the federal government from going bankrupt. Girard amassed great wealth and became one of the wealthiest Americans in history. He dedicated a large portion of his fortune to philanthropic endeavors, with a special focus on the education and welfare of orphans. Today, his estate continues to provide support for charitable causes.

Carlo Azeglio Ciampi had a distinguished professional life as an Italian politician, statesman, and banker. He served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994, implementing economic reforms. Ciampi later became the President of Italy from 1999 to 2006, focusing on promoting European unity and economic stability. Before his political career, he had a successful tenure in the banking sector, serving in various high-ranking positions. Throughout his career, Ciampi was known for his dedication to public service and financial expertise.

Sir Moses Haim Montefiore was a prominent British figure known for his philanthropic efforts and activism within the Jewish community. He generously supported industry, business, education, and health initiatives in the Levant, particularly among the Jewish population. In 1860, he established Mishkenot Sha'ananim, the first Jewish settlement outside the Old City of Jerusalem. As President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, he played a crucial role in advancing Proto-Zionism through his correspondence with British officials. Montefiore's dedication to improving the lives of his fellow Jews in Palestine earned him widespread recognition and admiration.

Hon. Nathaniel Charles Rothschild was a prominent English banker and entomologist recognized for his valuable role in conservation. He compiled The Rothschild List in 1915, pinpointing 284 sites in Britain suitable as nature reserves. Through his advocacy for conservation, numerous wildlife sanctuaries were established. Rothschild's dedication emphasized the crucial need to safeguard natural environments and biodiversity, motivating others to contribute to environmental protection. His lasting impact continues to shape conservation initiatives today.

Peter George Peterson was a successful American investment banker who held prominent positions in his career. He served as United States Secretary of Commerce under the Nixon administration, was chairman and CEO of Bell & Howell, and later held similar roles at Lehman Brothers. In 1985, he co-founded The Blackstone Group, a private equity firm, where he served as chairman. Peterson also chaired the Council on Foreign Relations for more than two decades and established The Peter G. Peterson Foundation to advocate for fiscal austerity.

Jacques Delors, a prominent French politician, made significant contributions to the European Union. He served as the eighth president of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995, playing a crucial role in creating the single market and introducing the euro currency. Delors was a member of the French Socialist Party and held positions such as France's finance minister and a member of the European Parliament. His leadership and advocacy for European unity had a lasting impact on the EU's development.

John Meriwether is a well-known American hedge fund executive who co-founded Long-Term Capital Management. This hedge fund, although successful initially, encountered a significant financial crisis. Meriwether is respected for his trading and risk management skills, and for his influence on the global finance industry. Despite the difficulties experienced by LTCM, Meriwether's career has been distinguished by innovation and a profound comprehension of financial markets.

Henry Wells played a significant role in the formation of American Express Company and Wells Fargo & Company. Before entering the express business, he worked as a freight agent. Wells founded companies that later evolved into American Express and Wells Fargo, competing with the United States Post Office by providing mail services at lower rates. He also founded Wells College in Aurora, New York, contributing to higher education.

John J. McCloy was a notable American figure who made significant contributions during World War II and in post-war international relations. He served as Assistant Secretary of War, addressing issues such as German sabotage and political tensions during the North Africa Campaign. McCloy also played a key role in Japanese internment and was one of the few who opposed the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In the post-war period, he held influential positions including president of the World Bank, U.S. High Commissioner for Germany, and chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank, contributing to foreign policy and international relations.

Robert Edward Diamond Jr. worked as an American banker and served as the chief executive officer of Barclays plc. He initially joined Barclays as president and deputy group chief executive in 2010, eventually becoming the group chief executive in January 2011. Diamond stepped down from his role as chief executive in July 2012 after a Bank of England hearing concerning the manipulation of Libor interest rates by traders at the bank. His time at Barclays was characterized by a mix of accomplishments and controversies within the financial sector.

Bruce Wasserstein was a prominent American investment banker, businessman, and writer with an impressive educational background from renowned institutions such as the University of Michigan, Harvard Business School, Harvard Law School, and the University of Cambridge. Throughout his successful career, Wasserstein made a significant impact in the mergers and acquisitions industry, overseeing approximately 1,000 transactions worth around $250 billion. His expertise and contributions to the field were widely acknowledged and respected by his peers.

John Halle Gutfreund was a leading American banker, businessman, and investor recognized for his tenure as the CEO of Salomon Brothers Inc. He skillfully guided the firm's transition from a private partnership to a publicly traded corporation, establishing a model for other investment firms on Wall Street. Gutfreund's astute leadership and strategic choices elevated Salomon Brothers to prominence during the 1980s. His significant impact on the financial industry led to him being dubbed the "King of Wall Street" by Business Week in 1985.

Maggie Lena Walker was a pioneering American businesswoman and educator who played a key role in advancing the financial and social empowerment of African Americans. She was the first African American woman to establish and lead a bank, showcasing remarkable leadership and foresight. Even in the face of physical obstacles, she remained a strong advocate for marginalized groups and worked to create opportunities for individuals with disabilities. Her contributions to organizations like the NAACP and National Urban League had a lasting impact on civil rights and business progress.

Otto Hermann Kahn, a notable German-born American investment banker, made a mark in the business world through his pivotal role as a partner at Kuhn, Loeb & Co. He specialized in the reorganization and consolidation of railroads, showcasing strategic financial expertise that garnered widespread recognition. Additionally, Kahn's influence extended to the arts, where he distinguished himself as a dedicated patron and supporter. Notably, he chaired the Metropolitan Opera, reflecting his commitment to cultural enrichment and philanthropy. Kahn's diverse career left a lasting legacy in both financial and artistic spheres.

Uday Suresh Kotak is an Indian banker recognized for establishing Kotak Mahindra Bank, where he currently serves as a non-executive director. In the early 1980s, he entered the world of entrepreneurship and diversified his business into various financial services sectors, including bills discounting, stockbroking, investment banking, car finance, life insurance, and mutual funds. Notably, he secured a banking license from the Reserve Bank of India for Kotak Mahindra Finance Ltd. As of 2021, his wealth is estimated at US$14.8 billion, showcasing his success in the financial industry.

Guy de Rothschild was a well-known French banker who chaired the French Banque Rothschild from 1967 to 1979. He had investments in multiple French and international companies, such as Imerys. Renowned for his financial expertise, he successfully managed the intricacies of the banking sector. His significant contributions to finance earned him a spot in the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1985.

Bebe Rebozo, an American banker and businessman from Florida, was famously known for his strong bond with President Richard Nixon. Serving as a trusted confidant to Nixon, Rebozo played a crucial role in both his personal and professional life. With a successful career in banking, Rebozo was highly regarded for his financial skills and business acumen. His close relationship with Nixon elevated his standing in political and financial circles, leaving a lasting impact on his professional reputation.

William George Fargo was a prominent American businessman and politician known for his significant contributions to the transportation and financial industries. He co-founded Wells, Fargo & Company, a leading express and banking firm during the 19th century. Fargo was instrumental in expanding the company's operations across the American West, enhancing communication and commerce. Besides his business ventures, he also served as the mayor of Buffalo, New York. Fargo's legacy is defined by his entrepreneurial drive and leadership in shaping American business development.

James Fisk Jr., also known as "Big Jim", "Diamond Jim", and "Jubilee Jim", was a prominent American stockbroker and corporate executive during the Gilded Age. He gained notoriety as a "robber baron" due to his involvement in the Erie Railroad and his infamous role in Black Friday in 1869, where he and partner Jay Gould tried to corner the gold market using President Ulysses S. Grant's name. Despite his popularity among the working class, Fisk's questionable business practices eventually led to his assassination in New York City in 1872.