The founder and first Great Khan and Emperor of the Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan is often considered to be the greatest conqueror of all time. A brutal ruler, he enjoyed exceptional military successes and occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China. Besides his military accomplishments, he is also credited with revitalizing the Mongol Empire's writing system.
Roman general and politician Marcus Licinius Crassus played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. A patron of Julius Caesar, he became involved in the unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate. An excellent military commander and a wealthy man, he died at the battle of Carrhae.
![Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Fakhr al-Din al-Razi](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
Fakhr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī was a Persian polymath and Islamic scholar. He wrote influential works in the fields of cosmology, astronomy, physics, medicine, chemistry, theology, ontology, literature, history, philosophy, and jurisprudence. A person way ahead of his time, Fakhr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī was one of the earliest champions of the concept of Multiverse and argued about the actuality of the outer space.
![Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/matilda-of-england-duchess-of-saxony-1.jpg)
![Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/shahab-al-din-yahya-ibn-habash-1.jpg)
Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi was a Persian philosopher who founded the Iranian school of Illuminationism, an important school of thought in Islamic philosophy. He thought of himself as a reviver or resuscitator of the ancient tradition of Persian wisdom and produced his magnum opus, The Philosophy of Illumination at the age of 32.
Guy of Lusignan reigned as the king of Jerusalem, through his marriage to Sibylla of Jerusalem, but eventually lost the kingdom to Conrad of Montferrat. Guy later became the lord of Cyprus. He was later immortalized in fiction such as Italian Renaissance writer Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron.
![Ottokar I of Bohemia Ottokar I of Bohemia](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/ottokar-i-of-bohemia-1.jpg)
Initially the duke of Bohemia, Ottokar I later took over as the king of Bohemia. His title was confirmed by Frederick II’s famous decree, the Golden Bull of Sicily, and he became a member of the house of Přemysl. He had a major role to play in the development of towns in Bohemia.
![Constance, Queen of Sicily Constance, Queen of Sicily](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/constance-of-sicily-1.jpg)
Constance, the queen of Sicily, avoided marriage till age 30 due to a prophecy. She later became the Holy Roman Empress, through her marriage to emperor Henry V, and gave birth to her only child, Frederick, at 40. Following Henry’s death, she successfully got her son crowned as the Holy Roman Emperor.
![Saxo Grammaticus Saxo Grammaticus](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/saxo-grammaticus.jpg)
Saxo Grammaticus was a Danish theologian, historian, and author. He is credited with authoring the first full history of Denmark, Gesta Danorum. The book houses the legend of Amleth, which inspired William Shakespeare's famous story, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.
![Alfonso VIII of Castile Alfonso VIII of Castile](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/alfonso-viii-of-castile-1.jpg)
![Christina the Astonishing Christina the Astonishing](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/christina-the-astonishing-1.jpg)
![Sancho VII Sancho VII](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/sancho-vii-1.jpg)
![Leo I, King of Armenia Leo I, King of Armenia](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/leo-i-king-of-armenia-1.jpg)
![Isaac II Angelos Isaac II Angelos](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/isaac-ii-angelos-1.jpg)
![John de Courcy John de Courcy](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/john-de-courcy-1.jpg)
![Sancho I of Portugal Sancho I of Portugal](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/sancho-i-of-portugal-1.jpg)
![Magnus V of Norway Magnus V of Norway](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
![Alexios III Angelos Alexios III Angelos](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/alexios-iii-angelos-1.jpg)
![Alfonso II of Aragon Alfonso II of Aragon](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/alfonso-ii-of-aragon-1.jpg)
![Léonin Léonin](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/lonin-1.jpg)
![Blondel de Nesle Blondel de Nesle](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/blondel-de-nesle-69837-1.jpg)
![Andreas Capellanus Andreas Capellanus](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/tfp-no-profile-image-found.jpg)
![Jien Jien](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/jien-1.jpg)
![Vsevolod the Big Nest Vsevolod the Big Nest](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/vsevolod-the-big-nest-99009-1.jpg)
![Roman the Great Roman the Great](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/roman-the-great-98905-1.jpg)
![Leopold V, Duke of Austria Leopold V, Duke of Austria](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/leopold-v-duke-of-austria-117433-1.jpg)
![Alix of France Alix of France](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
![Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/margaret-of-france-queen-of-england-and-1.jpg)
![Maud de Braose Maud de Braose](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
![Arnaut Daniel Arnaut Daniel](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/arnaut-daniel-1.jpg)
![Nicetas Choniates Nicetas Choniates](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/nicetas-choniates-1.jpg)
![Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/sancha-of-castile-queen-of-aragon-1.jpg)
![Hōjō Masako Hōjō Masako](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/hj-masako.jpg)
Known as the “nun shogun,” Hōjō Masako was the wife of the first shogun of Japan, Minamoto Yoritomo. The two had fallen in love when Yoritomo was exiled, and she was largely responsible for his military success later. Following Yoritomo’s death, Masako became a nun.
![Pope Honorius III Pope Honorius III](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/pope-honorius-iii-1.jpg)
![Qutb al-Din Aibak Qutb al-Din Aibak](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
![Theodore Prodromus Theodore Prodromus](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
Byzantine author Theodore Prodromus is remembered for his prose and poetry. Also known as Poor Prodromus, he was initially a monk who went around for alms. He was well known during the reigns of John II Komnenos and Manuel I Komnenos. He was also known for his darks satirical tone in his works.
![King Wen of Zhou King Wen of Zhou](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/king-wen-of-zhou-1.jpg)
![Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/raymond-vi-count-of-toulouse-1.jpg)
![Han Tuozhou Han Tuozhou](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
![Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
Twelfth-century Welsh poet Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr was chiefly known as a court poet for Madog ap Maredudd of Powys. He later also worked for Owain Gwynedd and Owain Cyfeiliog. Apart from the usual archaic form of traditional bards, he also infused spirituality and religion in his works.
![Folquet de Marselha Folquet de Marselha](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
![Conon de Béthune Conon de Béthune](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/conon-de-bthune-29422-1.jpg)
![Roger de Pont L'Évêque Roger de Pont L'Évêque](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/no-profile-img.jpg)
![Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/geoffrey-ii-duke-of-brittany-117441-1.jpg)
![Aimery of Cyprus Aimery of Cyprus](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/aimery-of-cyprus-1.jpg)
![Al-Nasir Al-Nasir](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/al-nasir-1.jpg)
![Alexander Neckam Alexander Neckam](http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/thumbs/alexander-neckam-1.jpg)
Born on the same day as King Richard I, Alexander Neckam was almost a foster brother of Richard, as Alexander’s mother was Richard’s wet nurse. An abbot and a scientist, he wrote De utensilibus, which was one of the first European treatises to mention the magnetic compass as a navigating tool.