Famous British CEOs

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 1 
James Murdoch
(Businessman and CEO of '21st Century Fox' (2015 - 2019))
James Murdoch
5
Birthdate: December 13, 1972
Sun Sign: Sagittarius
Birthplace: Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom
James Murdoch is a British-American businessman with experience in the media industry. He served as the chief executive officer of 21st Century Fox and held various leadership roles within News Corporation, including chairman and CEO for Europe and Asia. He oversaw assets such as News International, Sky Italia, Sky Deutschland, and STAR TV. Murdoch also held positions at Sky plc and News International, facing challenges like the phone hacking scandal. Despite criticism for his handling of the issue, he continued to be involved in media companies at executive levels.
 2 
Rebekah Brooks
(British Journalist and CEO of 'News UK')
Rebekah Brooks
3
Birthdate: May 27, 1968
Sun Sign: Gemini
Birthplace: Warrington, Lancashire, England
Rebekah Brooks is a British media executive and former journalist and newspaper editor. She has held key positions within News UK, including CEO since 2015. Brooks made history as the youngest editor of a British national newspaper at News of the World and the first female editor of The Sun. Despite being embroiled in the News International phone hacking scandal, she was found not guilty of various charges in a criminal trial. Brooks' reinstatement as CEO of News UK marked a return to working with Rupert Murdoch.
 3 
Neil Aspinall
(British Music Industry Executive Best Known for His Association with the Rock Band 'The Beatles')
Neil Aspinall
2
Birthdate: October 13, 1941
Sun Sign: Libra
Birthplace: Prestatyn, Wales
Died: March 24, 2008
Neil Aspinall was a British music industry executive known for his close association with the Beatles. Starting as their road manager, he later became their personal assistant and eventually the chief executive of Apple Corps. Aspinall played a crucial role in various legal battles and oversaw the marketing of the Beatles' music, videos, and merchandise. He was also a director of Standby Films. Aspinall retired from Apple Corps in 2007 and passed away in 2008 due to lung cancer.
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 4 
Charles Rolls
(British Motoring and Aviation Pioneer & Co-Founder of 'Rolls-Royce')
Charles Rolls
2
Birthdate: August 27, 1877
Sun Sign: Virgo
Birthplace: Berkeley Square, London, England
Died: July 12, 1910
Charles Rolls was a British motoring and aviation pioneer who co-founded the Rolls-Royce car manufacturing firm with Henry Royce. He played a significant role in the development of the automotive industry and was instrumental in establishing Rolls-Royce as a prestigious and renowned brand. Additionally, he was a trailblazer in the field of aviation, being the first Briton to perish in an aeronautical accident with a powered aircraft. His contributions to both the automotive and aviation sectors have left a lasting impact on the industries.
 5 
Lew Grade
(Russian-Born British Media Mogul, Producer, and Impresario)
Lew Grade
2
Birthdate: December 25, 1906
Sun Sign: Capricorn
Birthplace: Tokmak, Ukraine
Died: December 13, 1998
Lew Grade was a Russian-born British media proprietor and impresario known for his contributions to television production. He founded the Incorporated Television Company (ITC) to distribute programs, focusing on bringing them to the American market after the success of The Adventures of Robin Hood. Grade achieved success with series like Thunderbirds, The Prisoner, and The Muppet Show. He later invested in feature film production, but faced setbacks with expensive box-office failures that led to losing control of ITC and the disestablishment of ATV after losing its ITV franchise.
 6 
Chris Anderson
(Entrepreneur)
Chris Anderson
2
Birthdate: 1957 AD
Birthplace: Pakistan
Chris Anderson is a prominent British-American businessman known for his roles as the head of TED, a non-profit organization renowned for idea-based talks and an annual conference in Vancouver, Canada. He has a background in publishing, having founded Future Publishing and established the video game journalism website IGN. With a focus on promoting innovative ideas and fostering intellectual discussions, Anderson has made significant contributions to the fields of media, technology, and education through his various ventures and leadership positions.
 7 
Denise Coates
(Chief executive officer, Businessperson)
Denise Coates
0
Birthdate: September 26, 1967
Sun Sign: Libra
Birthplace: Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
Denise Coates is a British billionaire businesswoman known for her role as the founder, majority shareholder, and joint chief executive of the online gambling company Bet365. With a net worth estimated at $7.7 billion by Forbes as of July 2023, Coates has been recognized as one of the wealthiest women in Britain. She is renowned for her significant earnings, including a salary of £422 million and dividends of £48 million in 2020, making her the highest-paid chief executive in Britain for multiple years.
 8 
Jim Ratcliffe
(Businessperson)
Jim Ratcliffe
3
Birthdate: October 18, 1952
Sun Sign: Libra
Birthplace: Failsworth, Lancashire, England
Jim Ratcliffe is a British billionaire, chemical engineer, and businessman known for founding and leading the INEOS chemicals group since 1998. He has been listed among the richest individuals in the UK, with a significant increase in his net worth over the years. Ratcliffe made headlines in 2020 by changing his tax residence to Monaco, potentially saving billions in taxes. In 2024, he expanded his portfolio by becoming a minority shareholder in Manchester United, taking control over the club's sporting operations.
 9 
Ruzwana Bashir
(Businessperson)
Ruzwana Bashir
2
Birthdate: July 28, 1983
Sun Sign: Leo
Birthplace: Skipton, United Kingdom
Ruzwana Bashir is a successful British-American entrepreneur known for her role as the founder and CEO of Peek, a travel company headquartered in San Francisco, California. She has been recognized for her achievements in the technology sector, being selected for Forbes 30 Under 30 list in 2012. Additionally, she has been honored by Fast Company as one of the 100 Most Creative People in 2014 and featured in Vanity Fair's Next Establishment. Bashir's professional journey showcases her innovative spirit and leadership in the business world.
 10 
Steve Easterbrook
(Businessperson)
Steve Easterbrook
3
Birthdate: August 6, 1967
Sun Sign: Leo
Birthplace: Watford, England
Steve Easterbrook is a British business executive known for his tenure as president and chief executive of McDonald's from March 2015 to November 2019. During his leadership, he implemented various strategies to drive growth and innovation within the American fast-food company. However, his professional career faced a setback when he was dismissed by the board of directors in November 2019 due to a violation of company policies related to a relationship with a staff member.
 11 
Tiny Rowland
(Executive)
Tiny Rowland
2
Birthdate: November 27, 1917
Sun Sign: Sagittarius
Birthplace: Calcutta, Bengal, India
Died: July 25, 1998
Tiny Rowland was a British businessman known for his role as the chief executive of the Lonrho conglomerate from 1962 to 1993. He gained notoriety for his high-profile takeover bids, notably his attempt to acquire Harrods. Rowland was recognized for his intricate business dealings in Africa and his relationships with various African leaders. His career was marked by a reputation as a corporate raider and a savvy entrepreneur with a keen interest in expanding his business empire across different industries and continents.
 12 
J. Arthur Rank
(Industrialist)
J. Arthur Rank
1
Birthdate: December 22, 1888
Sun Sign: Capricorn
Birthplace: Kingston upon Hull, England, United Kingdom
Died: March 29, 1972
J. Arthur Rank was an English industrialist known for founding and leading the Rank Organisation. He played a significant role in the British film industry, revolutionizing film distribution and production. Rank's innovative approach to cinema management and his introduction of the "Odeon" brand of theaters helped modernize the industry. He also supported and promoted young filmmakers, contributing to the growth and development of British cinema. Rank's legacy in the entertainment sector continues to influence the industry to this day.
 13 
John Walter
(Publisher)
John Walter
1
Birthdate: January 1, 1738
Sun Sign: Capricorn
Birthplace: London, England
Died: November 16, 1812
John Walter was an English newspaper publisher who founded The Times newspaper in 1785. He initially worked as a coal merchant before turning to underwriting and becoming a member of Lloyd's. In 1782, he purchased a patent for a new printing method and established the Logographic Office in Blackfriars. Walter started The Daily Universal Register in 1785, later renamed The Times. Despite early legal troubles, the newspaper business thrived under his management until he passed it on to his son in 1803.
 14 
William Knox D'Arcy
(Entrepreneur)
William Knox D'Arcy
2
Birthdate: October 11, 1849
Sun Sign: Libra
Birthplace: Newton Abbot, United Kingdom
Died: May 1, 1917
William Knox D'Arcy was a British-Australian businessman known for his pivotal role in establishing the oil and petrochemical industry in Persia (Iran). He secured the historic D’Arcy Concession in 1901, granting him exclusive rights to explore, extract, and commercialize oil, natural gas, asphalt, and ozokerite in Persia. D'Arcy's entrepreneurial spirit and vision laid the foundation for the oil industry in the region, marking a significant milestone in the development of Persia's natural resources and shaping the course of the country's economic future.
 15 
Maurice Flanagan
(Businessman)
Maurice Flanagan
1
Birthdate: November 17, 1928
Sun Sign: Scorpio
Birthplace: Leigh, England
Died: May 7, 2015
Maurice Flanagan was a prominent British businessman known for his significant contributions to the aviation industry. As the founding CEO of Emirates, he played a pivotal role in establishing the airline as a global powerhouse. Serving as the executive vice-chairman of The Emirates Group, Flanagan demonstrated strong leadership and strategic vision, overseeing the company's growth and success. His innovative approach and dedication to excellence helped shape Emirates into one of the world's leading airlines, leaving a lasting impact on the industry.
 16 
Barney Barnato
(Entrepreneur)
Barney Barnato
1
Birthdate: February 21, 1851
Sun Sign: Pisces
Birthplace: London, England
Died: June 14, 1897
Barney Barnato was a prominent British Randlord and diamond magnate known for his role in acquiring control of diamond and gold mining industries in South Africa during the late 19th century. He emerged as a significant entrepreneur in the region from the 1870s leading up to World War I. His rivalry with Cecil Rhodes, another influential figure in the mining industry, added to his reputation. Barnato's contributions to the mining sector and his business acumen solidified his place as a key player in the economic development of South Africa during that period.
 17 
Cyril Fletcher
(Comedian)
Cyril Fletcher
1
Birthdate: June 25, 1913
Sun Sign: Cancer
Birthplace: Watford, Hertfordshire, England
Died: January 2, 2005
Cyril Fletcher was an English comedian, actor, and businessman known for his catchphrase 'Pin back your lugholes' and his popular "Odd Odes" segment on the television show That's Life!. He started performing the Odd Odes in 1937 and gained national attention through a radio show on Radio Luxembourg. Fletcher appeared on What's My Line? as a panellist and hosted gardening programs on Central TV and Channel Television. A Freemason and successful businessman, he founded Associated Speakers, an agency for after-dinner speakers.
 18 
Jacqueline Gold
(British Businesswoman and Chief Executive of 'Gold Group International', 'Ann Summers' and 'Knickerbox')
Jacqueline Gold
2
Birthdate: July 16, 1960
Sun Sign: Cancer
Birthplace: Bromley, Kent, England
Jacqueline Gold was a prominent British businesswoman known for her leadership roles in Gold Group International, Ann Summers, and Knickerbox. She was a pioneering figure in the retail industry, transforming Ann Summers into a successful and empowering brand. Gold's strategic acumen and innovative marketing strategies contributed to her immense success, making her one of the wealthiest women in Great Britain. Her entrepreneurial spirit and dedication to female empowerment have left a lasting impact on the business world.
 19 
Fred Goodwin
(Former CEO of Royal Bank of Scotland)
Fred Goodwin
2
Birthdate: August 17, 1958
Sun Sign: Leo
Birthplace: Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland
Fred Goodwin is a Scottish chartered accountant and former banker who served as the CEO of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group from 2001 to 2009. During his tenure, RBS experienced significant growth, becoming the world's largest company by assets and fifth-largest bank by stock market value. However, the bank faced a rapid decline and was forced into nationalisation in 2008, leading to Goodwin's resignation. He later worked briefly as a senior adviser to an international architecture firm before leaving the position.
 20 
Sean Yazbeck
(Businessman)
Sean Yazbeck
1
Birthdate: 1973 AD
Birthplace: London, England
Sean Yazbeck is a British-American businessman known for founding multiple enterprise software and technology services companies. His entrepreneurial endeavors have positioned him as a prominent figure in the business world. Notably, he achieved widespread recognition by winning the fifth season of Donald Trump's reality show, The Apprentice. Through his leadership and strategic acumen, Yazbeck has demonstrated a strong commitment to innovation and business success, making significant contributions to the industry through his various ventures and accomplishments.
 21 
Amit Bhatia
(Founding partner of Swordfish Investments and chairman of Queens Park Rangers football club)
Amit Bhatia
2
Birthdate: September 4, 1979
Sun Sign: Virgo
Birthplace: London, England
Amit Bhatia is a prominent British-Indian businessman known for his role as the founding partner of Swordfish Investments and chairman of Queens Park Rangers football club. With a successful career in the business world, Bhatia has established himself as a key figure in the investment sector. His leadership at Queens Park Rangers demonstrates his passion for sports and strategic decision-making. Bhatia's professional endeavors have showcased his dedication to both business and sports, making him a respected figure in the industry.
 22 
John Harvey-Jones
(Businessman)
John Harvey-Jones
1
Birthdate: April 16, 1924
Sun Sign: Aries
Birthplace: London Borough of Hackney, London, England
Died: January 9, 2008
John Harvey-Jones was a prominent English businessman who served as the chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) from 1982 to 1987. He gained widespread recognition through his BBC television show, Troubleshooter, where he offered expert advice to struggling businesses. With a focus on turnaround strategies and management consultancy, he became known for his practical and no-nonsense approach to problem-solving. John Harvey-Jones was highly regarded for his leadership skills and business acumen, leaving a lasting impact on the corporate world through his insightful guidance and mentorship.
 23 
Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein
(Businessman)
Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein
1
Birthdate: January 30, 1899
Sun Sign: Aquarius
Birthplace: Ilford, England
Died: February 5, 1993
Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein, was a prominent British businessman and media executive known for founding the London-based Granada Group and Granada Television in Manchester. Recognized for his pivotal role in the development of commercial television in Britain, he was awarded a life peerage by Queen Elizabeth II for his contributions to television. Bernstein's dedication to cultivating the North's media industry led to the establishment of a proud legacy in television broadcasting. He was honored by the British Film Institute for his outstanding contribution to British television culture.
 24 
Poju Zabludowicz
(Art collector, Businessperson, Philanthropist)
Poju Zabludowicz
0
Birthdate: April 6, 1953
Sun Sign: Aries
Birthplace: Helsinki, Finland
Poju Zabludowicz is a prominent billionaire businessman, art collector, and philanthropist with Finnish, British, and Israeli heritage. He has made significant contributions to the business world, particularly through various successful ventures. Zabludowicz is widely recognized for his extensive art collection, showcasing a keen interest in supporting the arts. Additionally, he has demonstrated a strong commitment to philanthropy, engaging in various charitable activities and initiatives to give back to the community.
 25 
John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley
(Businessman)
John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley
2
Birthdate: February 20, 1948
Sun Sign: Pisces
Birthplace: Hamburg, Germany
John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley, FRS, FREng, FGS, is a prominent British businessman known for his tenure as the chief executive of BP from 1995 to 2007. During his leadership, Browne oversaw significant growth and diversification of the company through strategic mergers and acquisitions, including deals with Amoco and ARCO. He was recognized for his innovative approach to climate change and the establishment of BP's renewable energy division. Browne has also held positions on the boards of major corporations and served as the president of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
 26 
Alison Cooper
(Chief Executive Officer)
Alison Cooper
1
Birthdate: March 31, 1966
Sun Sign: Aries
Birthplace: London, England
Alison Jane Cooper is a British businesswoman known for her role as the former chief executive officer of Imperial Brands, a major player in the tobacco industry. As the CEO, she led the company, which ranks as the world's fourth-largest tobacco firm based on market share. In February 2020, it was announced that she would be stepping down from her position, with her departure scheduled for October 2020. Throughout her career, Cooper made significant contributions to the business world through her leadership and strategic decision-making.
 27 
David Hodgkiss
(Administrator)
David Hodgkiss
1
Birthdate: 1949
Sun Sign: Gemini
Birthplace: -
Died: March 30, 2020
David Hodgkiss had a distinguished professional career as a British businessman and Chairman of Lancashire County Cricket Club. He served as Chief Executive of William Hare Group, a structural steel contractor, and played a key role in the company's success. Hodgkiss held various positions at Lancashire County Cricket Club over two decades, overseeing significant developments at the Club's Old Trafford Cricket Ground. His contributions to manufacturing and export were recognized with an OBE in 2014. Hodgkiss passed away in March 2020, leaving a lasting legacy in the world of cricket and business.
 28 
John Birt, Baron Birt
(Executive)
John Birt, Baron Birt
1
Birthdate: December 10, 1944
Sun Sign: Sagittarius
Birthplace: Liverpool, England
John Birt, Baron Birt, is a British television executive and businessman known for his roles as Director-General of the BBC and as Strategic Advisor to Prime Minister Tony Blair. With a background in commercial television, he restructured the BBC during his tenure, facing internal opposition but credited with saving the corporation from potential privatization. Birt is also recognized for his preparation for the era of digital broadcasting. Additionally, he served as Chairman of CPA Global in 2015 after leaving the BBC.
 29 
John Vincent
(Writer)
John Vincent
0
Birthdate: September 28, 1971
Sun Sign: Libra
Birthplace: London , England
John Vincent is a prominent British entrepreneur known for co-founding and serving as the chief executive of the fast food chain Leon Restaurants. He gained recognition for his involvement in developing the 2013 School Food Plan, leading to his appointment as an MBE. Vincent also chairs the Council for Sustainable Business and has co-authored seven LEON cookbooks. His diverse professional portfolio showcases his commitment to promoting sustainable business practices and healthy eating initiatives through his various ventures and contributions to the culinary world.
 30 
Alastair Pilkington
(Engineer)
Alastair Pilkington
1
Birthdate: January 7, 1920
Sun Sign: Capricorn
Birthplace: England
Died: May 5, 1995
Alastair Pilkington was a British engineer and businessman known for inventing the float glass process for commercial manufacturing of plate glass. His innovative method revolutionized the glass industry by producing high-quality, distortion-free glass on a larger scale. Pilkington's dedication to improving glassmaking techniques led to increased efficiency and reduced costs, making glass products more accessible to consumers worldwide. His contributions have had a lasting impact on the industry, solidifying his legacy as a pioneer in glass manufacturing technology.
 31 
Bruce Craig
(Businessman)
Bruce Craig
1
Birthdate: 1962
Sun Sign: Sagittarius
Birthplace: England
Bruce Craig is a prominent businessperson and entrepreneur known for his ownership of Bath Rugby club. With a reported net worth of £300 million in 2017, he has made a significant impact in the business world. His leadership and strategic vision have contributed to the success of Bath Rugby club, solidifying its position in the sporting industry. Craig's business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit have propelled him to success, earning him recognition as a key figure in both business and sports circles.
 32 
Alexander Trotman, Baron Trotman
(Businessman)
Alexander Trotman, Baron Trotman
0
Birthdate: July 22, 1933
Sun Sign: Cancer
Birthplace: Isleworth, England
Died: April 25, 2005
Alexander James Trotman, Baron Trotman, was a British-born businessman who served as the CEO of Ford Motor Company from 1993 to 1998, becoming the first foreign-born chairman and CEO of a Big Three American automobile manufacturer. With a background in the Royal Air Force, he joined Ford in 1955 and rose through the ranks, playing a key role in cost-cutting initiatives and leading the Ford 2000 program. Trotman's tenure was marked by significant cost savings and profits, although some initiatives faced challenges in the American market.
 33 
Gordon White, Baron White of Hull
(Entrepreneur)
Gordon White, Baron White of Hull
1
Birthdate: May 11, 1923
Sun Sign: Taurus
Birthplace: Unknown
Died: August 23, 1995
Gordon White, Baron White of Hull, was a co-founder of the British conglomerate Hanson plc alongside James Hanson. He gained renown as a highly successful corporate raider in the 1970s and 1980s due to his exceptional intuition and aggressive takeover strategies. White's ruthless tactics and keen business acumen allowed him to orchestrate numerous successful takeovers during his career. His legacy in the business world is defined by his strategic prowess and ability to navigate complex corporate landscapes with precision and effectiveness.
 34 
Asif Aziz
(Businessperson and philanthropist)
Asif Aziz
0
Birthdate: 1967 AD
Birthplace: Limbe, Malawi
Asif Aziz is a prominent London-based billionaire entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is the founder and Chief Executive of Criterion Capital, a company known for owning and operating significant landmarks such as the London Trocadero and Criterion Building in Piccadilly Circus. Aziz has made a mark in the business world through his successful ventures and strategic investments. Additionally, he is recognized for his philanthropic efforts as the founder of the Aziz Foundation, a family-based charity dedicated to making a positive impact in various communities.
 35 
Mariéme Jamme
(Tech Entrepreneur, Founder)
Mariéme Jamme
0
Birthdate: 1974 AD
Birthplace: Dakar, Senegal
Marieme Jamme is a renowned Senegalese-born French-British businesswoman and technology activist. She founded the iamtheCODE Foundation in 2016 and served on the World Wide Web Foundation board. Recognized for her contributions, she was included in Quartz Africa's "Quartz Africa Innovators 2017" list and nominated as a Young Global Leader at the World Economic Forum in 2013. Jamme won the Innovation Award at the Global Goals Award in 2017 for her work supporting girls and young women and advancing the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. She was also featured in the BBC's 100 Women list the same year.
 36 
Marjorie Scardino
(Businesswoman)
Marjorie Scardino
1
Birthdate: January 25, 1947
Sun Sign: Aquarius
Birthplace: Flagstaff, Arizona, United States
Dame Marjorie Scardino is a prominent business executive known for her leadership roles in various companies. She served as the CEO of Pearson PLC, where she significantly increased profits during her tenure. Scardino made history as the first female Chief Executive of a FTSE 100 company. She also held positions as a non-executive director at Nokia and as the CEO of the Economist Group. Her career highlights include joining the board of Twitter as its first female director, addressing diversity issues within the company.
 37 
Gopichand Hinduja
(Businessman)
Gopichand Hinduja
0
Birthdate: February 29, 1940
Sun Sign: Pisces
Birthplace: India
Gopichand Parmanand Hinduja is an Indian-British billionaire businessman known for his leadership in the Hinduja Group, a prominent Indian conglomerate. He held the position of co-chairman alongside his late brother, Srichand Hinduja, until his brother's passing in 2023. Gopichand and his brother were renowned for their substantial wealth, consistently featuring on lists of the wealthiest individuals in the UK and Asia. In the Sunday Times Rich List 2024, Gopichand Hinduja was ranked as the wealthiest person in the UK, with an estimated family fortune of £37 billion.
 38 
Sunil Vaswani
(Businessman, and the chairman of the Stallion Group)
Sunil Vaswani
0
Birthdate: July 11, 1963
Sun Sign: Cancer
Birthplace: Jaipur, India
Sunil Vaswani is a prominent Indian-born Nigerian billionaire businessman known for his role as the chairman of the Stallion Group, a Dubai-based company with a wide range of interests spanning cars, commodities, food, steel manufacturing, plastics, packaging, petrochemicals, port operations, and technology. Under his leadership, the group has expanded its operations across Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. As of April 2020, his estimated net worth stood at US$1.6 billion, solidifying his reputation as a successful and influential figure in the business world.
 39 
Peter K. McMahon
(English Businessman and the Husband of American Political Commentator Dana Marie Perino)
Peter K. McMahon
0
Birthdate: June 6, 1954
Sun Sign: Gemini
Birthplace: Blackpool, England
Peter K. McMahon is an accomplished English businessman known for his role as CEO of the retail store company, 'Shopko,' based in Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin, USA. With a wealth of experience in various fields including Supply Chain Management, Merchandising, and Labor Relations, McMahon has established himself as an expert in the business world. He has collaborated with numerous international companies, showcasing his business acumen and leadership skills. McMahon's professional reputation has been further elevated through his high-profile marriage to American political commentator Dana Marie Perino, adding to his widespread recognition and success.
 40 
Claudius Rich
(Businessman)
Claudius Rich
0
Birthdate: March 28, 1787
Sun Sign: Aries
Birthplace: Dijon, France
Died: October 5, 1821
Claudius James Rich was a British Assyriologist, business agent, traveller, and antiquarian scholar. He joined the East India Company's service, transitioning from military to civil duties due to his linguistic abilities. Rich conducted extensive research in various Eastern regions, including Babylon and the Persian Gulf, contributing significantly to the understanding of the geography, history, and antiquities of these areas. He was highly respected in Baghdad for his influence and expertise, and his work laid the foundation for future discoveries in Assyrian archaeology.