Famous Chinese Empresses & Queens

Wu Zetian, also known as Empress Wu Zhao, was a powerful and influential ruler of China who ascended to the throne as the only female sovereign in Chinese history. She governed with strength, intelligence, and ambition, effectively leading the country to become one of the world's great powers. Wu implemented important reforms in governance, intelligence, and the imperial examination system, shaping the nation's bureaucracy and promoting competent officials. Her leadership also extended to cultural and religious spheres, leaving a lasting impact on Chinese society.

Empress Dowager Cixi effectively controlled the Chinese government during the late Qing dynasty for almost 50 years. She assumed the role of co-empress dowager and regent after the death of the Xianfeng Emperor, consolidating control over the dynasty by installing her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor. Cixi supervised moderate reforms, supported technological and military advancements, but also cracked down on radical reformers. Her reign saw both successes and failures, with debates among historians about her legacy and the impact of her policies on the Qing dynasty.

Fu Hao, known posthumously as Mu Xin, was a military general and high priestess during the Shang dynasty. She served as one of the many wives of King Wu Ding and achieved significant military accomplishments. Evidence from her intact tomb, unearthed in 1976, reveals her prestigious status and diverse roles. Fu Hao's collection of jade and bone objects, along with the presence of human sacrifices and dogs in her burial, highlight her religious and military roles. The tomb provides valuable insights into her professional life and activities.

Empress Xiaoxianchun, as the first wife of the Qianlong Emperor, held a prominent position as empress consort from 1738 until her passing in 1748. During her tenure, she played a vital role in court affairs and ceremonial duties, showcasing grace and dignity befitting her status. She actively supported the emperor in his governance, displaying intelligence and diplomacy in her interactions with court officials and foreign dignitaries. Empress Xiaoxianchun's professional life exemplified dedication to her role as a key figure in the imperial court.

Empress Lü, also known as Empress Gao of Han, was the first woman to assume the title Empress of China and wield paramount power. She played a significant role in the rise and foundation of the Han dynasty alongside her husband, Emperor Gaozu. Empress Lü effectively ruled as regent during the reigns of her son and grandsons, consolidating power and dominating the political scene for 15 years. Her actions, including eliminating political rivals and controlling the court, solidified her reputation as a powerful and influential ruler of ancient China.

Empress Wanrong was the wife and empress consort of Puyi, the last emperor of China. She held the title of empress consort of the former Qing dynasty until the exile of the imperial family in 1924. Later, she became the empress consort of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. Following the end of World War II, she was captured by Chinese Communist guerrillas and eventually died in a prison camp in 1946. Wanrong was posthumously honored with the title Empress Xiaokemin.

Empress Xiaojingcheng was bestowed the posthumous name Empress Dowager Kangci during the reign of her step-son, the Xianfeng Emperor. She held a unique position as the only Qing empress dowager who was neither her husband's empress consort nor emperor's mother. Despite not having the traditional titles, she played a significant role in the imperial court and was respected for her wisdom and influence. Her professional life was marked by her dedication to supporting the emperor and contributing to the governance of the Qing dynasty.

Empress Xiaoduanwen served as the empress consort of Qing from 1636 until her husband's death in 1643, after which she was known as Empress dowager. Throughout her time in the imperial court, she played a crucial role in supporting her husband in his duties as the ruler of the Qing dynasty. Her contributions to the administration and governance of the empire were highly regarded, and she was posthumously honored with the title Empress Xiaoduanwen in recognition of her dedication and service to the dynasty.