Famous Deaths on April 18

Albert Einstein was a renowned theoretical physicist from Germany, celebrated for his revolutionary work in the realm of physics. His profound insights into the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics reshaped our comprehension of the cosmos. The iconic equation E=mc^2, devised by Einstein, stands as a fundamental principle in contemporary physics, illustrating the relationship between mass and energy. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on the photoelectric effect, he also made remarkable strides in cosmology and quantum physics. Einstein's intellectual accomplishments firmly establish him as one of the most exceptional physicists in history.

Richard "Dick" Wagstaff Clark was an American television and radio personality, television producer, and CEO of Dick Clark Productions. He hosted American Bandstand from 1956 to 1989, introducing rock and roll to a broad audience and giving many new music artists their first national exposure. Clark also hosted several versions of the Pyramid game show and Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve. He founded the American Bandstand Diner restaurant chain and created the American Music Awards. Known for his youthful appearance, Clark was dubbed "America's oldest teenager."

Isoroku Yamamoto was a Marshal Admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. He played significant roles in the development of naval aviation and overseeing reorganizations within the Navy. Serving as the commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet, Yamamoto led important engagements like the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Battle of Midway. Known for his strategic planning and leadership, Yamamoto's military career came to a tragic end when his aircraft was shot down by the United States Army Air Forces in 1943.

Bruno Sammartino, a legendary Italian-American professional wrestler, achieved great fame in the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF, now WWE). He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wrestlers in history, having held the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship for a record 2,803 days, the longest reign in the title's history. Sammartino was known for his signature bearhug finishing move and was affectionately called "the Living Legend." In 2013, he headlined WWE's Hall of Fame ceremony following a reconciliation with the organization.

Thor Heyerdahl, a Norwegian adventurer and ethnographer, is renowned for his Kon-Tiki expedition in 1947, during which he sailed 8,000 km across the Pacific Ocean to the Tuamotu Islands on a primitive raft. He led various expeditions, including the Ra II voyage in 1970, to showcase interactions among ancient civilizations. Despite encountering skepticism from the scientific community, Heyerdahl's hyperdiffusionist theories aimed to establish connections between distant cultures. In recognition of his work, he was appointed a government scholar in 1984 and received a state funeral in 2002.

Ernie Pyle was a renowned American journalist and war correspondent best known for his poignant stories about ordinary American soldiers during World War II. His roving human-interest columns from 1935 to 1941 highlighted the lives of everyday people across North America. Transitioning seamlessly into wartime reporting, Pyle brought his unique folksy style to his accounts from the European and Pacific theaters. His vivid first-person narratives of "dogface" infantry soldiers earned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1944. President Harry Truman praised Pyle for capturing the true essence of the American fighting man.

Sam Mills Jr. was a notable American professional football player who had an illustrious career spanning 12 seasons in the NFL, primarily playing as a linebacker for the New Orleans Saints and Carolina Panthers. He also showcased his talent in the USFL, playing for the Philadelphia / Baltimore Stars and winning championships in 1984 and 1985. Mills' exceptional skills and contributions to the sport were recognized when he was posthumously inducted into the prestigious Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2022.

James Martin Hannett, a British record producer and musician, was renowned for his collaborations with artists such as Joy Division, New Order, and Happy Mondays. He played a significant role at Factory Records, founded by Tony Wilson, and was known for his unique production style that blended atmospheric sounds and electronics. Hannett's innovative sound and production techniques have had a lasting influence on post-punk and electronic music genres.

Ottorino Respighi was a prominent Italian composer, violinist, teacher, and musicologist known for his extensive repertoire, which included operas, ballets, orchestral suites, choral songs, chamber music, and transcriptions of Italian compositions from the 16th to 18th centuries. He gained international acclaim for his three orchestral tone poems: Fountains of Rome, Pines of Rome, and Roman Festivals. Respighi also served as a professor of composition at the Liceo Musicale di Santa Cecilia and continued to perform and conduct worldwide until his untimely death at age 56.

Erasmus Darwin was a notable English physician, natural philosopher, physiologist, inventor, and poet who played a significant role in the Midlands Enlightenment. He was renowned for his abolitionist views on the slave trade and his poetry frequently explored themes of natural history and evolution. As a member of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, he participated in intellectual dialogues with industrialists and natural philosophers. Notably, Darwin turned down an opportunity to become Physician to the King, demonstrating his commitment to his principles and work.

Justus von Liebig, a prominent German scientist, made significant contributions to chemistry, agriculture, and biology. He is recognized as a key figure in advancing organic chemistry and is celebrated for his innovative laboratory-based teaching techniques. Liebig transformed the fertilizer industry by highlighting the significance of nitrogen and minerals as crucial plant nutrients and promoting the concept of the law of the minimum. Additionally, he influenced the production of beef extracts and pioneered the creation of the Liebig condenser.

Gustave Moreau was a French artist known for his contributions to the Symbolist movement. He created over 15,000 paintings, watercolors, and drawings, focusing on allegorical, biblical, and mythological themes. While his work declined in popularity in the early 20th century, it experienced a resurgence in the 1960s and 70s. Moreau was also a respected teacher, influencing artists such as Henri Matisse and Georges Rouault.

Ben Hecht was a versatile and prolific American screenwriter, director, producer, playwright, journalist, and novelist. He began his career as a journalist before transitioning to writing books, screenplays, and plays. He was known for his collaboration on numerous successful films, receiving credits for stories or screenplays in around seventy movies. He was recognized for his contributions to the entertainment industry, winning the first Academy Award for Best Story and having several of his screenplays considered classics. He was also actively involved in supporting Zionist causes.

William Rufus DeVane King was a prominent American politician and diplomat who served as the 13th Vice President of the United States. He held various political positions, including U.S. Representative from North Carolina, Senator from Alabama, and Minister to France under President James K. Polk. A Democrat and Unionist, King was known for his moderate stance on sectionalism, slavery, and westward expansion. He played a key role in drafting the Compromise of 1850. King's tenure as Vice President was short-lived, as he died of tuberculosis just 45 days after taking office.

Tantia Tope emerged as a key military figure in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, demonstrating exceptional leadership and strategic prowess. He effectively organized and led various rebellious activities against the British East India Company, showcasing his ability to inspire and unite diverse groups in the resistance against colonial rule. Tope's successful military campaigns, which included capturing important cities and employing guerrilla warfare tactics, solidified his reputation as a respected figure in the fight for Indian independence.

Ken Oosterbroek was a renowned South African photojournalist and a key member of the Bang-Bang Club. Working for The Star in Johannesburg, he made significant contributions to the field of photojournalism. Oosterbroek's work was widely recognized and honored with numerous prestigious photography awards. His dedication to capturing powerful images and telling important stories through his photographs solidified his reputation as a talented and respected photojournalist in South Africa and beyond.

Edgar F. Codd, an English computer scientist, is renowned for inventing the relational model for database management during his time at IBM. This groundbreaking theoretical framework established the basis for relational databases and management systems, marking his most notable accomplishment. Codd's contributions to computer science are substantial, with the relational model being widely acknowledged and researched. His work transformed the realm of data management, positioning him as a pivotal figure in the evolution of database technology.

Betty Compson was an American actress and film producer who rose to prominence during Hollywood's silent era. She is renowned for her memorable performances in films such as The Docks of New York and The Barker, which garnered her critical acclaim. Compson's talent and versatility as an actress shone through in the characters she portrayed, earning her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Her contributions to the film industry left a lasting impact, solidifying her legacy as a respected and talented performer.

Benny Leonard was a renowned American professional boxer who dominated the lightweight division for eight years, from 1917 to 1925. Widely regarded as one of the greatest boxers of all time, he achieved numerous accolades and top rankings in various boxing publications and historical rankings. With an impressive record and skill set, Leonard was consistently recognized as one of the top fighters in the sport, solidifying his legacy as a legend in the boxing world.

Filippino Lippi, an Italian Renaissance painter, made a significant impact in Florence, Italy during the Early and High Renaissance periods. He also worked in Rome, Milan, and Bologna. Lippi was proficient in oils, tempera, and fresco, showcasing his talent in various mediums. His art primarily focused on religious themes, but he also delved into portraits and classical mythology scenes. Lippi's artistic legacy is characterized by his diverse portfolio and influence on Renaissance art.

Princess Louise of Orléans was recognized for her commitment to charitable and social causes. She devoted herself to a range of philanthropic initiatives, championing organizations that promoted education, healthcare, and social welfare. Leveraging her royal status, she advocated for those less fortunate, raising awareness and resources to support their needs. Through her dedication to helping others, Princess Louise left a lasting legacy of compassion and positive change in society.

Arturo Frondizi Ércoli was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, teacher, and politician who served as the President of Argentina from May 1, 1958, to March 29, 1962. During his presidency, he implemented developmental policies that emphasized heavy industry development with the involvement of multinational companies. Despite facing opposition from the military and economic challenges, Frondizi remained committed to his development agenda. His presidency was cut short by a military coup in 1962, which led to his detention without trial. Frondizi later criticized his successor's government and supported a military intervention for economic reform.

Storm Thorgerson was a renowned English art director and music video director who achieved significant success in the music industry. He is most recognized for his close collaboration with iconic band Pink Floyd, contributing to their visual identity throughout their career. Thorgerson also made notable artistic contributions to other well-known musical acts such as Led Zeppelin, Phish, Black Sabbath, 10cc, the Alan Parsons Project, the Mars Volta, and the Cranberries. His innovative and imaginative approach to album artwork and music videos left a lasting impact on the industry.

Tamrat Desta was a well-known Ethiopian singer and songwriter renowned for his remarkable contributions to the music industry. He achieved acclaim for his exceptional work on two highly praised albums, "Anleyaym" in 2004, and "Kanchi Ayebeltm" in 2008. Desta's music captivated audiences with its distinctive style and compelling lyrics, leaving a lasting impression on the Ethiopian music scene and establishing him as a respected artist in his field.

Clarence Edward "Big House" Gaines Sr. had a remarkable professional life as an American college men's basketball coach, primarily known for his 47-year tenure at Winston-Salem State University. His coaching career was marked by numerous accolades and he was notably inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as one of the few African American coaches to receive this honor. Prior to his coaching career, Gaines had excelled as a football player during his collegiate years at Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland.

Irving Cummings was a prominent figure in the American film industry, known for his work as both a movie actor and director. With a career spanning several decades, he made significant contributions to the entertainment world. As an actor, he brought characters to life on screen, captivating audiences with his performances. Transitioning to directing, Cummings showcased his creative vision and skill behind the camera, helming numerous successful films. His impact on the industry solidified his legacy as a versatile and talented artist in both front and behind the camera.

Edward George, Baron George, also known as "Steady Eddie," was a prominent figure in the financial world. He served as the Governor of the Bank of England from 1993 to 2003, where he played a key role in shaping monetary policy and ensuring financial stability. In addition to his central banking responsibilities, he also served on the board of NM Rothschild and Sons, highlighting his expertise and influence in the banking sector. George was widely respected for his steady leadership and profound understanding of economic issues.

Yvonne Monlaur was a French film actress known for her work in the late 1950s and 1960s, particularly for her roles in the Hammer horror films. She gained recognition for her performances in various Hammer productions, showcasing her talent and versatility as an actress. Monlaur's contributions to the horror genre were well-received by audiences and critics alike, solidifying her reputation as a prominent figure in the industry during that era. Her work continues to be remembered and appreciated by fans of classic horror cinema.

Vytautas Šapranauskas was a highly acclaimed Lithuanian actor recognized for his talent in both comedy and drama. He graduated from the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre in 1980 and performed with the Russian Drama Theatre until 1990 before joining the Vilnius Small Theatre. Throughout his career, he appeared in numerous films spanning Soviet times and independent Lithuania. Šapranauskas later transitioned to television, where he hosted and served as a jury member on popular shows like Lithuania's Got Talent, X Faktorius, and Clash of the Choirs. He also had a role in the film Redirected, a Lithuanian-British production dedicated to his memory.

Werner Pochath, an Austrian film actor, successfully transitioned to a career as a Hollywood agent in the 1980s after working in Germany, Italy, and the United States. He also collaborated with John Neumeier, the ballet director of the Hamburg State Opera. In 2019, director Alexander Wank released a documentary titled "Werner Pochath, Mr Nice Guy," which showcased Pochath's professional journey. Demonstrating versatility, Pochath excelled in acting and talent representation roles in various countries throughout his career.

Swedish professor of anatomy Anders Retzius is celebrated for his groundbreaking research in craniometry, specifically in the study of the human skull. He was a prominent figure at the Karolinska Medic-Kirurgiska Institutet in Stockholm, where his contributions were highly regarded. As a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, he was instrumental in pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge within his discipline. Retzius' significant work in anatomy and his affiliations with esteemed institutions highlight his enduring impact on the study of human anatomy and his influence on future generations of researchers in the field.

Cornelia Connelly was an American-born educator and foundress of the Society of the Holy Child Jesus, a Catholic religious institute. In 1846, she established the first Holy Child school in England, marking the beginning of her significant contributions to education. Connelly's dedication to providing quality education and her role in founding numerous Holy Child schools have left a lasting impact on the field of education. Her efforts led to her being considered for sainthood in the Catholic Church, with Pope John Paul II proclaiming her as venerable in 1992.

John Henry Lewis was a legendary American boxer who achieved great success in the world of boxing. He held the World Light Heavyweight Boxing Title from 1935 to 1938, solidifying his place as one of the best in his weight class. The Ring boxing magazine recognized him as the 16th greatest light heavyweight of all time. Throughout his career, Lewis worked with notable figures such as his trainer Larry Amadee, as well as managers Ernie Lira, Larry White, Frank Schuler, and Gus Greenlee.

Brian Asawa, an acclaimed American countertenor, was known for his electrifying performances and exceptional voice. Praised for his fearless and expressive style, he captivated audiences with stunning vocal beauty and emotional depth. Throughout his career, Asawa graced prestigious opera houses and concert stages worldwide, leaving a lasting impact on the classical music scene. His talent and passion for his craft earned him a reputation as a dynamic and unforgettable performer, solidifying his place as a revered figure in the realm of opera.

Sir Hugh Low was a British colonial administrator known for his contributions to the development of the Malay Peninsula. His successful tenure in various colonial roles in Labuan led to his appointment as British administrator in the Malay Peninsula, where he conducted the first trials of Hevea rubber. Low's methods and practices in administration became models for British colonial operations in Southeast Asia. Additionally, he achieved the first documented ascent of Mount Kinabalu in 1851 and has landmarks named after him in recognition of his achievements.

Dale Winton was a successful English radio DJ and television presenter renowned for hosting various popular game shows. He rose to prominence as the host of Supermarket Sweep from 1993 to 2001 and again in 2007, and the National Lottery game show In It to Win It from 2002 to 2016. Winton also fronted Pets Win Prizes (1995–96), The Other Half (1997–2002), and the 2008 series of Hole in the Wall. His captivating presence and charismatic hosting style endeared him to audiences in the entertainment industry.

Marcel Pagnol was a renowned French artist known for his exceptional talent in writing and filmmaking. He made history in 1946 as the first filmmaker to be elected to the esteemed Académie française. Pagnol's versatility in storytelling through memoirs, novels, dramas, and films solidified his legacy as a creative powerhouse in 20th-century French literature and cinema.

Nelson Gonçalves, a Brazilian singer and songwriter, gained fame in the 1950s as one of Brazil's most popular radio singers. Teaming up with lyricist Adelino Moreira, he produced many successful albums and attracted an international fan base. Despite facing challenges like cocaine addiction, Nelson's exceptional voice and crooning style established him as a legendary figure of his era. He sold over 75 million albums and showcased his talent at renowned locations like Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

Gertrude Caton Thompson was a pioneering English archaeologist who made significant contributions to the field during a time when female participation was rare. She conducted extensive archaeological work in Egypt, Zimbabwe, Malta, and South Arabia, advancing the understanding of early human history through innovative excavation techniques and research on Paleolithic to Predynastic civilizations. Caton Thompson also held esteemed positions in organizations such as the Prehistoric Society and the Royal Anthropological Institute, solidifying her legacy in archaeology.

Ann Preston was a pioneering American physician, activist, and educator who made significant contributions to the field of medicine. She became the first female dean of a medical school in the United States when she led the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. Her leadership and dedication to advancing medical education for women were instrumental in breaking gender barriers within the medical profession. Preston's legacy serves as an inspiration for future generations of female healthcare professionals.

Kamisese Mara was a prominent Fijian politician who played a pivotal role in the country's history. Serving as Chief Minister during Fiji's transition to independence from the United Kingdom, he became the first Prime Minister and held the position for over two decades, except for a brief period in 1987. He then went on to serve as president, contributing significantly to the political landscape of Fiji until 2000. His leadership and dedication left a lasting impact on the nation's governance and development.

Dame Elisabeth Frink was a celebrated English sculptor and printmaker recognized for her deep examination of human and animal forms in her art. Her work predominantly revolved around three key themes: the complexities of the human condition, the essence of horses, and the representation of divinity in human form.

John Leland was an English poet and antiquary known as "the father of English local history and bibliography." His work, particularly his Itinerary, revolutionized the study of English local history by introducing the county as the fundamental unit of analysis. Leland's observations and materials provided a valuable resource for future antiquaries, shaping the field for generations to come. His contributions have had a lasting impact on the study of English history and the preservation of antiquities.

Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure, a Swiss chemist, is well-known for his influential contributions to plant physiology and phytochemistry. He made groundbreaking progress in studying photosynthesis and became a key pioneer in the field. Saussure's research primarily concentrated on unraveling the chemical processes within plants, especially concerning their growth and development. His work laid a solid groundwork for future investigations into photosynthesis mechanisms and the significance of chemical compounds in plant metabolism, profoundly impacting the comprehension of plant biology for future generations.

Lester Frank Ward was a distinguished American botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist. As the first president of the American Sociological Association, Ward is credited with pioneering the field of American sociology. His influential publication "Dynamic Sociology" in 1883 was instrumental in establishing sociology as a separate discipline in the United States. However, over time, Ward's work became marginalized as American sociology grew and evolved institutionally.

Gian-Carlo Rota was a renowned Italian-American mathematician and philosopher recognized for his substantial influence across multiple academic disciplines. He devoted the majority of his professional life to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, specializing in combinatorics, functional analysis, probability theory, and phenomenology. Rota's extensive body of work spanned various branches of mathematics, earning him acclaim for his pioneering research and deep understanding of the subject. His lasting legacy comprises a wealth of publications, partnerships, and educational initiatives that continue to shape the mathematical landscape.

Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg Sr. was a prominent American politician who served as a United States senator from Michigan for over two decades. He played a crucial role in shifting the Republican Party's foreign policy stance from isolationism to internationalism during the Cold War era. Vandenberg supported key initiatives such as the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the creation of NATO. He held influential positions in the Senate, including president pro tempore and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, where he advocated for a bipartisan approach to foreign policy.

Polydore Vergil, also known as Polydore Vergil of Urbino, was an Italian humanist scholar, historian, priest, and diplomat who spent a significant portion of his career in England. He is renowned for works such as the Proverbiorum libellus, De inventoribus rerum, and the Anglica Historia, an important history of England. Vergil is often referred to as the "Father of English History." His alias, Castellensis or Castellen, likely denotes his service under Cardinal Adriano Castellesi.

Geshey Gendün Rinchen served as the 69th Je Khenpo of Bhutan, a revered spiritual leader responsible for upholding the Buddhist teachings and guiding the monastic community. Throughout his professional life, he dedicated himself to promoting religious education, overseeing monastic affairs, and providing spiritual guidance to the people of Bhutan. Gendun Rinchen's leadership and teachings played a crucial role in preserving Bhutan's unique Buddhist heritage and fostering a strong sense of spirituality among the Bhutanese population.

Joseph Lechleider was a prominent American inventor and engineer renowned for his significant contributions to the field of solar energy. He is best known for his pioneering work in developing the high-efficiency photovoltaic cell, which has been crucial in advancing solar power technology. Lechleider's innovations have had a profound impact on renewable energy, promoting the adoption and efficiency of solar power systems. His contributions are celebrated for their role in shaping the future of sustainable energy solutions.

António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona was a Portuguese Army officer and politician who held various key positions in the government. He served as prime minister of Portugal from 1926 to 1928 and later became the 11th president of Portugal, a position he held until his death in 1951. Carmona also served as the Minister of War in late 1923 and 1926, as well as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1926. His professional life was characterized by his commitment to public service and leadership roles within the Portuguese government.

Kid McCoy, originally named Norman Selby, was a prominent American boxer and early Hollywood actor. He achieved fame by claiming the vacant world middleweight title in a surprising upset victory over Tommy Ryan, achieved through a 15th-round knockout. McCoy's boxing skills and fighting prowess propelled him to success in his career, making him a well-known figure in the boxing world. Additionally, McCoy's foray into Hollywood added another dimension to his professional life, showcasing his versatility and talent beyond the boxing ring.

Theobald of Bec served as the Norman Archbishop of Canterbury from 1139 to 1161. He transitioned from a monk at the Abbey of Bec to the position of abbot before being appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by King Stephen of England. Theobald encountered challenges to his authority, notably facing disputes with a subordinate bishop and King Stephen. He was instrumental in resolving Canterbury's claim to primacy and exerted pressure on the king by declining to consecrate Stephen's son. Following Stephen's passing, Theobald was appointed as regent of the kingdom.

Caetano da Costa Alegre was a renowned Portuguese poet of the late 19th century, celebrated for his innovative style and profound exploration of societal issues and human emotions. Known for his lyrical beauty and deep introspection, Alegre's work has left a lasting impact on Portuguese literature, earning him a reputation as a talented and influential poet.

Opperman, nicknamed Oppy, was a prominent Australian cyclist and politician. He became famous in the 1920s and 1930s for his remarkable endurance cycling achievements. Opperman was highly regarded for his stamina and cycling skills, having started riding a bicycle at the age of eight and continuing until he was 90. He is remembered as one of Australia's finest sports figures, leaving a lasting impact on the cycling and sports communities.

Lyra McKee was a journalist from Northern Ireland who wrote about the consequences of the Troubles for various publications. She also worked as an editor for Mediagazer, a news aggregator website. McKee's professional life was dedicated to reporting on the complex issues surrounding the Troubles and their aftermath. Tragically, on 18 April 2019, McKee was fatally shot during rioting in the Creggan area of Derry while pursuing her passion for investigative journalism.

Christopher Bayly was a British historian renowned for his expertise in British Imperial, Indian, and global history. He served as the Vere Harmsworth Professor of Imperial and Naval History at the University of Cambridge from 1992 to 2013. Throughout his career, Bayly made significant contributions to the understanding of imperial history, particularly focusing on the British Empire and its impact on global affairs. His work has left a lasting legacy in the field of history and continues to influence scholars and students around the world.

Sable Starr was a prominent American groupie recognized as the "queen of the groupie scene" in early 1970s Los Angeles. She garnered fame for her connections with renowned rock musicians and her frequent appearances at chic nightclubs on the Sunset Strip. Starr later pursued a career as a table game dealer at Carson Valley Inn in Minden, transitioning away from her groupie lifestyle to focus on her professional pursuits. She continued to dedicate herself to her work until her passing in 2009.

Aleah Stanbridge, professionally known as Aleah or Aleah Starbridge, was a talented singer-songwriter from South Africa who was based in Sweden. She made a name for herself in the rock and metal scene through her work with bands like Swallow the Sun and Amorphis. In 2009, she co-founded the band Trees of Eternity with guitarist Juha Raivio, drawing inspiration from death/doom music. Aleah was admired for her captivating vocals and profound lyrics, making a significant impact in the music industry with her contributions to various musical projects.

Masahiko Kimura was a legendary Japanese judoka and professional wrestler known for his unparalleled success in judo and significant impact on the world of submission grappling. Kimura achieved historic victories in judo, winning the All-Japan Judo Championships three times consecutively and maintaining an undefeated record for 14 years. His mastery of the reverse ude-garami arm lock led to it being named the "Kimura" hold. In professional wrestling, Kimura became a prominent figure, particularly recognized for his contentious match against Rikidōzan, solidifying his status as a pioneering star in Japanese wrestling history.

Bernard Edwards was an American musician, songwriter, and record producer best known for his contributions to disco music. He co-founded the band Chic with guitarist Nile Rodgers, creating hit songs and influencing the disco genre. Edwards was recognized for his exceptional bass skills and was named the 53rd greatest bassist of all time by Bass Player magazine in 2017. His professional life was marked by collaborations with various artists, production work, and a significant impact on the music industry.

Terence James Doran was an English luxury car dealer, pop music manager, and music publishing executive, known for his association with the Beatles. Co-owner of Brydor Cars with Brian Epstein, he supplied sportscars to notable figures in the Swinging London era. Doran managed Apple Publishing and artists Grapefruit and Mary Hopkin. He served as a personal assistant to John Lennon and George Harrison, later working as Harrison's estate manager. Doran was a trusted confidant to the Beatles and their inner circle, influencing their music and business decisions.

Paul H. O'Neill had a distinguished professional career as an American businessman and government official. He served as the 72nd United States secretary of the treasury during part of President George W. Bush's first term. Before his tenure as treasury secretary, O'Neill held prominent positions such as chairman and CEO of Alcoa, a leading industrial corporation, and chairman of the prestigious RAND Corporation. His contributions in both the private sector and government underscored his expertise and leadership in economic and corporate affairs.

Maurice Gustave Gamelin, a French general, was known for his leadership of the French military during World War II, particularly during the Battle of France. He demonstrated strategic prowess and played a crucial role in the French counter-attack at the First Battle of the Marne in World War I. Gamelin was instrumental in modernizing and mechanizing the French Army and overseeing the construction of the Maginot Line defenses. He received support from Édouard Daladier for his focus on military planning devoid of political influence and his unwavering commitment to the republican government model.

H. A. L. Fisher was an English historian, educator, and Liberal politician known for his significant contributions to the field of education. He served as President of the Board of Education in David Lloyd George's coalition government from 1916 to 1922. Fisher played a crucial role in shaping educational policies and reforms during his tenure. His work as an educator and historian left a lasting impact, highlighting his dedication to improving the educational system and promoting intellectual growth in society.

Paul Frederick, known by his ring name Paul Jones, was an American professional wrestler and wrestling manager. He gained fame in the Southeastern United States, especially with Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling and Championship Wrestling from Florida. Jones had 23 championship reigns and was known for leading the stable Paul Jones' Army. He made a significant impact on the wrestling world with his performances and managerial skills, leaving a lasting legacy in the industry.

Jozef Tiso was a Slovak politician and Catholic priest who led the Slovak People's Party and served as president of the First Slovak Republic during World War II. He played a significant role in the transformation of the autonomous Slovak Republic into an independent nation in 1939. Tiso collaborated with Germany in deporting Jews to extermination and concentration camps during his presidency. His regime encountered opposition, such as the Slovak National Uprising in 1944, which was harshly suppressed by German forces.

Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky was a renowned Russian artist celebrated for his exceptional skill in portraiture. Rising to prominence while working at the court of Catherine the Great, he became a leading figure in Russian portraiture in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Borovikovsky's distinctive style and artistic prowess earned him numerous commissions from the aristocracy and upper echelons of Russian society, solidifying his legacy as a highly esteemed portrait painter whose influence continues to be felt in the art world.

George Cabot was an American merchant, seaman, and politician from Massachusetts. He represented Massachusetts in the U.S. Senate and presided over the Hartford Convention. A major figure in the Hamiltonian faction of the Federalist Party, Cabot strongly advocated for war with Revolutionary France. He played a significant role in shaping Federalist policies and was known for his vocal support of economic and military measures. Cabot's professional life was characterized by his involvement in trade, politics, and his influence within the Federalist Party.

Pietro Ferrero Jr. became the joint CEO of Ferrero SpA, a renowned Italian confectionery company, alongside his brother Giovanni. He entered the company in 1985 and swiftly climbed the corporate ladder to supervise European operations by 1992. In 1997, he assumed the role of one of the two CEOs, which he held until his unfortunate passing in 2011. Ferrero was instrumental in upholding the company's position as a global frontrunner in the confectionery sector throughout his time with the company.

Roscoe Conkling was a prominent American lawyer and Republican politician known for his influential role in the United States Senate during the 1870s. He was a key figure in the Republican Stalwart faction and wielded significant power through his control of patronage at the New York Customs House. Conkling was involved in the drafting of the Fourteenth Amendment and was known for his opposition to civil service reform. His conflict with President Garfield led to his resignation in 1881, and despite turning down two appointments to the Supreme Court, he remained active in politics and law until his death in 1888.

Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, commenced his military career by serving the Habsburg monarchy. He made notable contributions during the 1683-1696 Turkish War, assisting in restoring Habsburg authority in south-east Europe. Renowned for his military skills, he advanced to the position of Imperial Field Marshal, demonstrating his leadership and strategic acumen. Charles V consistently showed a steadfast dedication to safeguarding Habsburg interests and enhancing their presence in the region.

Marie-Josephte Corriveau, a resident of New France, was convicted by a British court martial for the murder of her second husband. She was executed by hanging, and her body was publicly displayed in chains. Her story has become a significant part of Québécois folklore, inspiring various literary works and plays that recount the events leading to her tragic demise.

Jean-Baptiste Isabey was a prominent French artist known for his work during the First Empire and the Congress of Vienna. He was a skilled portrait painter and miniaturist, capturing the likenesses of notable figures of his time. Isabey was appointed as the official court painter by Napoleon Bonaparte, further establishing his reputation. His artistic talent and versatility allowed him to excel in various mediums, including paintings, drawings, and miniatures, making him a respected and sought-after artist in French society.

Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock was a distinguished submarine commander in the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during World War II, known for leading four U-boats, including U-96, a Type VIIC U-boat. His command of U-96 became famous through a documented patrol by a propaganda company member, leading to widespread recognition. After the war, he transitioned to a career as a merchant ship captain, notably serving as the first captain of Germany's nuclear freighter Otto Hahn. Lehmann-Willenbrock's legacy was further immortalized through the mini-series and film "Das Boot."

Arvid Horn played a prominent role in Swedish history as a general, diplomat, and politician. He served as president of the privy council chancellery twice and was instrumental in shaping the political landscape during the Swedish Age of Liberty. Horn's leadership and strategic abilities made a lasting impact on diplomacy and governance in Sweden.

Cox Habbema, a celebrated Dutch film and television actress, gained fame for her contributions to East-German film production DEFA from 1968 to 1984. Over several decades, she showcased her talent on screen, earning respect and admiration from both colleagues and viewers. Her marriage to actor Eberhard Esche further highlighted her deep ties to the performing arts world.

Leonard Bloomfield was a prominent American linguist who played a key role in advancing structural linguistics in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. Known as the father of American distributionalism, his textbook "Language" was a seminal work that offered a detailed account of American structural linguistics. Bloomfield made notable contributions to Indo-European historical linguistics, Austronesian languages, and Algonquian family languages. He stressed the importance of the scientific foundations of linguistics and formal methodologies for linguistic analysis. Although his influence waned with the emergence of generative grammar championed by Noam Chomsky in the late 1950s and 1960s, Bloomfield's contributions continue to hold significance in the field.

Carlos Baker was an accomplished American writer, biographer, and former Woodrow Wilson Professor of Literature at Princeton University. He obtained his degrees from prestigious institutions such as Dartmouth College, Harvard University, and Princeton University. Baker was known for his scholarly biographies of notable literary figures such as Ernest Hemingway, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. His works also included novels, poetry, literary criticisms, and essays. Baker influenced aspiring biographers like A. Scott Berg, who dedicated his award-winning biography to Baker. Baker's impact on the literary world was significant, earning him a place in the American Philosophical Society.

John Ambrose Fleming, an English electrical engineer and physicist, is renowned for inventing the first thermionic valve and designing the radio transmitter utilized in the initial transatlantic radio transmission. Additionally, he made significant contributions to physics by establishing the right-hand rule. Fleming was instrumental in founding the Evolution Protest Movement. A devout Christian, he generously supported Christian charities, particularly those aiding the underprivileged. Beyond his scientific pursuits, Fleming was also known for his proficiency in photography, watercolor painting, and his passion for climbing the Alps.

John Willard Thorp was an American aeronautical engineer known for his significant contributions to aircraft design. He began his career working on the Boeing 247 final assembly line and teaching at the Boeing School of Aeronautics. Thorp designed personal aircraft and later served as Lockheed Assistant Preliminary Design Engineer, notably contributing to the design of the P2V "Neptune" Naval patrol bomber. His work on the P2V "Truculent Turtle" set a long-standing distance record in aviation history.

Terry Sanford was a prominent American lawyer and politician known for his significant contributions to public education and civil rights. Serving as the governor of North Carolina, he implemented reforms and increased funding for schools. As the president of Duke University, he focused on fundraising and policy research. In the U.S. Senate, he maintained a liberal voting record and advocated for various causes, including international development and civil liberties. Sanford's legacy as the "education governor" and a progressive leader continues to inspire others in the political arena.

John Griffith Bowen was a British playwright and novelist known for his contributions to the literary world. He gained recognition for his compelling storytelling and unique writing style. Bowen's works often explored complex themes and characters, captivating audiences with his thought-provoking narratives. Throughout his career, he received critical acclaim for his plays and novels, establishing himself as a prominent figure in British literature. Bowen's legacy continues to inspire aspiring writers and spark discussions on the power of storytelling.

George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, also known as "the Hanging Judge," was a Welsh judge who gained prominence during King James II's reign. He served as Lord Chancellor and Lord High Steward, known for enforcing royal policies with severity and bias. Jeffreys' professional life was marked by a reputation for harshness in his judicial decisions, leading to his infamous nickname. His conduct as a judge reflected his loyalty to the crown, making him a controversial figure in legal history.

Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano was a prominent 19th-century figure in Spain, recognized for his roles as a realist author, diplomat, and politician. He served in diplomatic roles for Spain in countries like Russia, the United States, and Italy. Valera was engaged in politics, being a member of the Spanish parliament and holding positions in the Spanish government. His writing included novels, essays, and literary criticism that highlighted his talent and intellect.

John Graunt, known as the founder of demography, was a pioneering demographer and potentially the first epidemiologist. Despite his background as a haberdasher, he made significant contributions to the field of statistics and public health. Graunt's work laid the foundation for modern demographic studies and had a lasting impact on the understanding of population dynamics and health trends.

Werner Schumacher was a German actor known for his role in the television crime series Tatort from 1971 to 1986. He gained popularity for his portrayal in the Süddeutscher Rundfunk version of the show. Schumacher's professional life was marked by his dedication to the craft of acting, showcasing his talent and versatility on screen. His contributions to the entertainment industry left a lasting impact, earning him recognition and respect among audiences and peers alike.

Hermann Nitsch was an Austrian contemporary artist and composer renowned for his large-scale performances that combined theater, multimedia, rituals, and provocative actions. As a key figure in Viennese Actionism, he pushed the limits of traditional art through intense and daring displays. Nitsch's work delved into themes of ritual, catharsis, and the human condition, challenging societal norms and conventions. His aim was to evoke emotional reactions and immerse audiences in profound and stimulating encounters.

Franz Anton Bustelli was a renowned artist of the Rococo style, celebrated for his creation of stunning porcelain figures at a porcelain factory. He depicted a wide range of subjects such as gods, street vendors, and Oriental characters with rich colors and intricate details, showcasing his exceptional talent and craftsmanship. Bustelli's distinctive style and significant contributions to the art world established him as one of the most esteemed artists of the Rococo era.

Walter Lohmann was a German Reichsmarine captain known for running a secret rearmament and research program from 1920 to 1927 on behalf of the Ministry of the Reichswehr. As commander of the Naval Transport Division, he utilized his access to various naval offices to gather specialized information and financial resources. Despite acting beyond his authority and technical competence, Lohmann's actions were favored by Chief of Naval Headquarters, Admiral Paul Behncke. The scandal surrounding his activities, known as the Lohmann affair, resulted in the resignation of top officials and Lohmann's retirement with a reduced pension.

James Blair was a Scottish-born clergyman in the Church of England, renowned for his missionary work and contributions to education. He is best remembered as the founder of the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. Through his leadership, he established a strong foundation for the college, emphasizing the importance of higher education and the integration of religious teachings. Blair's professional life was dedicated to advancing knowledge and spirituality, leaving a lasting impact on the educational landscape of colonial America.

Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz was a renowned Polish painter celebrated for her realistic portraits. Spending the majority of her career in Paris, she gained international recognition as the "first internationally known Polish woman artist." Known for her exceptional talent and dedication to her craft, Bilińska-Bohdanowicz's work captured the essence of her subjects with a unique depth and realism. Her artistic contributions have left a lasting impact on the art world, solidifying her legacy as a pioneering figure in the realm of portraiture.

Friedrich Martin von Bodenstedt was a prominent German author known for his literary works. He gained recognition for his contributions to poetry, translations, and travel literature. Bodenstedt's writing style was characterized by his ability to evoke emotions and depict vivid imagery through his words. He was particularly skilled in translating Eastern works into German, introducing Western audiences to the beauty and depth of Eastern literature. Bodenstedt's professional life was marked by a dedication to exploring different genres and cultures, leaving a lasting impact on German literature.

Friedl Iby, a German gymnast, earned great success in her career. She competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics and secured a gold medal as part of the German gymnastics team. Her dedication and skill were showcased through her remarkable performance at the Olympics. Friedl Iby's accomplishments in the sporting realm have created a lasting legacy, motivating upcoming gymnasts to pursue excellence in their careers.

Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, was an influential English lawyer, judge, and Whig politician recognized for his advocacy of civil liberties. He served in significant roles including Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, Attorney-General, and Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. Pratt supported Pitt the Elder in various disputes, opposed perpetual copyright, resolved the regency crisis of 1788, and championed Fox's Libel Bill. He played a vital role in restraining state powers, promoting jury rights, and overseeing the development of Camden Town in London.

William Joscelyn Arkell was a distinguished British geologist and palaeontologist renowned for his specialization in the Jurassic Period. He played a crucial role in advancing the understanding of Earth's history in the mid-20th century, with a specific emphasis on Jurassic geology. Arkell's research and contributions positioned him as a prominent expert in the field, significantly impacting the study of prehistoric epochs. His extensive publications and discoveries have left a lasting imprint on the scientific community's comprehension of the Jurassic Period.

Carlo di Giovanni Rossi, an Italian architect, made notable contributions to the architectural landscape of Imperial Russia. Most active in Saint Petersburg, he is renowned for designing classical buildings and architectural ensembles that serve as lasting testaments to his skill. Rossi's professional legacy is defined by his expertise in classical architectural forms and his talent for crafting cohesive urban spaces. His work in Russia is highly esteemed and continues to impact architectural styles in the area.

Roger Lobo was a prominent British Hong Kong businessman, philanthropist, and politician known for his contributions to public service. He served on various councils, including the Urban Council, Executive Council, and Legislative Council. Lobo gained recognition for his significant role in the negotiation of Hong Kong's future between the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China. His notable Lobo Motion in the Legislative Council during the early 1980s showcased his dedication to addressing crucial issues impacting Hong Kong's political landscape.

Wilhelm von Grumbach was a German adventurer known for his involvement in the "Grumbach Feud," a conflict between the Imperial Knights and the territorial Princes of the Holy Roman Empire. He was a key figure in the Knights' attempt to resist the increasing power of the territorial rulers. Through his actions during the feud, Grumbach sought to challenge the authority of the Princes and assert the rights and privileges of the Imperial Knights. His professional life was marked by his daring exploits and his role in this significant historical event.

François Lambert was a Protestant reformer known for his democratic ecclesiastical reform scheme. He traveled extensively through Europe as an itinerant preacher, engaging with leaders of the Reformation in Switzerland and Germany. Lambert emphasized the election of pastors by congregations and rejected canon law. He was appointed as a professor at the University of Marburg and influenced notable figures like Patrick Hamilton. Lambert participated in the Marburg conference and eventually adopted the Zwinglian view of the Lord's Supper.