Famous Deaths on December 5

Nelson Mandela was a prominent South African activist, politician, and statesman. He served as the first black president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 and was also the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. Mandela played a crucial role in ending the apartheid regime through peaceful demonstrations and discussions, leading to his release from prison in 1990. He prioritized reconciliation, human rights, and social justice, receiving worldwide acclaim and the Nobel Peace Prize.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a highly productive and influential composer during the Classical period, renowned for his expertise in a wide range of musical styles. Despite his brief life, he created over 800 compositions that are regarded as masterpieces in symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral music. Mozart's exceptional talent was evident from a young age, leading to widespread acclaim across Europe. He held significant musical positions in various cities such as Salzburg, Paris, Mannheim, Munich, and Vienna, where he produced many of his most celebrated works before passing away at the age of 35.

Kirstie Alley was a prominent American actress known for her versatile roles in television and film. She gained recognition for her role as Rebecca Howe in the sitcom Cheers and as the lead in Veronica's Closet. Alley showcased her talent in various films, including Look Who's Talking series, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, and Drop Dead Gorgeous. She won Emmy Awards for Cheers and David's Mother, and received nominations for her work in The Last Don. Alley also ventured into reality TV, participating in shows like Dancing with the Stars and Celebrity Big Brother.

Claude Monet, a French painter and founder of impressionism, was known for his dedication to capturing nature through plein air landscape painting. He frequently painted the same scenes multiple times to capture the evolving light and seasons, focusing on documenting the French countryside. Some of his most famous works include series on haystacks, Rouen Cathedral, and water lilies in his Giverny garden. Monet's influence and popularity soared in the 20th century, solidifying his reputation as a celebrated artist and a source of inspiration for many.

Francis II of France ascended to the throne as a young ruler after his father's passing. His reign was tumultuous, marked by early conflicts of the French Wars of Religion. Despite the legal age of majority being 14, his mother allowed others to govern on his behalf. The House of Guise, loyal to the Catholic cause, faced challenges in supporting Catholics in Scotland during the Scottish Reformation. Francis's premature death from an ear infection added to the instability in France.

Princess Alice of Battenberg dedicated herself to charitable endeavors in Greece, particularly during World War II, sheltering Jewish refugees and earning the title of "Righteous Among the Nations." She later established a Greek Orthodox nursing order of nuns. Following the fall of the Greek monarchy, she relocated to London and resided in Buckingham Palace until her passing. Her final resting place is at the Church of Mary Magdalene in Jerusalem.

Robert Joseph Dole was a notable American politician and attorney who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate. He held leadership roles within the Republican Party, including Senate Majority Leader. Dole was the Republican presidential nominee in 1996 and the vice presidential nominee in 1976. Throughout his career, he played key roles in defeating significant legislative proposals and sought the highest office in the land, establishing himself as a significant figure in American politics.

Shoeless Joe Jackson was a skilled outfielder in Major League Baseball in the early 1900s. He had a remarkable career batting average and played for teams like the Philadelphia Athletics, New Orleans Pelicans, Cleveland Naps, and Chicago White Sox. Unfortunately, Jackson was involved in the notorious Black Sox Scandal, which led to his banishment from baseball by Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis. The debate over Jackson's exclusion from the Baseball Hall of Fame continues to be a hot topic among fans and experts.

Alexandre Dumas, also known as Alexandre Dumas père, was a prolific French novelist and playwright. He initially gained success writing plays before turning to novels, particularly serialized historical adventures. Dumas later established the Théâtre Historique in Paris and also wrote magazine articles and travel books. His novels have been widely translated and adapted into many films, contributing to his enduring popularity as a writer.

Norman Lear was a prolific American screenwriter and producer, known for creating and producing over 100 shows, including iconic 1970s sitcoms like All in the Family, Maude, Sanford and Son, One Day at a Time, The Jeffersons, and Good Times. His works introduced political and social themes to the sitcom genre, earning him numerous awards such as Primetime Emmy Awards and Peabody Awards. Lear was also recognized for his political activism, founding People for the American Way to advocate against the influence of the Christian right in politics.

Michael I of Romania served as the final king of Romania, ruling in two separate periods from 1927 to 1930 and then from 1940 to 1947. Throughout his reigns, he navigated challenges such as a regency council, his father's reinstatement, and forming alliances with Nazi Germany. Following a coup against a dictator, Michael aligned with the Allies and resisted a pro-Soviet regime. Eventually compelled to abdicate, he went into exile but later sought to return to Romania after the fall of communism.

Phillis Wheatley Peters was the first African-American author to publish a book of poetry. She was kidnapped and sold into slavery, where she learned to read and write, showcasing her talent in poetry. With the encouragement of the Wheatley family in Boston, her poetry gained fame when published in London in 1773. Notable figures such as George Washington praised her work. Despite facing personal tragedies and hardships, she made significant contributions to the literary world before passing away at a young age.

Beverly Garland was an American actress known for her work in feature films and television series. In feature films, she often had small parts in major productions or lead roles in low-budget action and science-fiction movies. On television, she had notable recurring roles in popular series such as Decoy, My Three Sons, Scarecrow and Mrs. King, and 7th Heaven. Garland's diverse roles showcased her talent and versatility as an actress, earning her recognition in both film and television industries.

Don Meredith had a successful professional career as an American football player, sports commentator, and actor. He played quarterback for the Dallas Cowboys in the NFL for nine seasons, leading the team to multiple postseason appearances and earning accolades such as All-Pro and Pro Bowl selections. After retiring as a player, he transitioned to a career in sports broadcasting, serving as a color analyst for NFL telecasts, including as an original member of the Monday Night Football broadcast team. Meredith also had a notable acting career, appearing in films and television shows.

Pedro II of Brazil ruled for more than 58 years as the final monarch of the Empire of Brazil. Inheriting a crumbling empire, he reshaped Brazil into a rising global force. Despite challenges, he abolished slavery, fostered a stable government, and promoted civil rights and economic prosperity. Pedro II was celebrated for his support of education, culture, and science, earning admiration from influential figures globally. Though deposed, he is remembered as one of Brazil's most esteemed leaders.

Nina Foch was an accomplished American actress and instructor with a career spanning over six decades. She appeared in over 50 feature films and had over 100 television credits, earning accolades such as an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Foch established herself as a dramatic actress in the late 1940s and starred in notable films like "An American in Paris" and "Spartacus." She also had a successful career in theater, directing, and education, teaching at prestigious institutions like the American Film Institute and the University of Southern California.

Robert Aldrich was an American film director, producer, and screenwriter known for his work during the Golden Age of Hollywood. He directed a diverse range of films across genres such as films noir, war movies, westerns, and dark melodramas with Gothic overtones. Aldrich's directorial style combined macho mise-en-scene with psychologically complex interpretations of genre film tropes, pushing boundaries of violence in mainstream cinema. He was also recognized for his advocacy in the Directors Guild of America, serving as President and inspiring the Robert B. Aldrich Achievement Award.

Jim Rohn was an influential American entrepreneur, author, and motivational speaker known for his inspiring teachings on personal development and success. Through his books, such as "How to Obtain Wealth and Happiness," he shared valuable insights on achieving financial prosperity and personal fulfillment. Rohn's wisdom and practical advice resonated with audiences worldwide, leading him to become a prominent figure in the self-help industry. His legacy continues to inspire and empower individuals to reach their full potential in both their personal and professional lives.

Denny Laine, a celebrated English musician, co-founded the Moody Blues and Wings. He played guitar and sang with the Moody Blues before joining Wings at the invitation of Paul McCartney. As a member of Wings, Laine contributed on various instruments, vocals, and songwriting. He collaborated with other artists, participated in tribute performances, and had a successful solo career with multiple albums and a musical. Laine's contributions led to his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

August Ames, a Canadian pornographic actress, starred in more than 100 films and received nominations for several AVN Awards. She showcased her talent and versatility, earning recognition for her contributions to the industry. Unfortunately, Ames tragically took her own life at the age of 23 amid a social media backlash following a controversial tweet. Her passing sparked conversations about cancel culture and the effects of online harassment in the entertainment field.

Karlheinz Stockhausen was a pioneering German composer renowned for his influential work in electronic music and serial composition. Educated in music in Cologne and Paris, he played a key role in the Darmstadt School. Over nearly sixty years, his compositions defied traditional forms and spanned various genres. Stockhausen's notable works include Klavierstücke, Kontra-Punkte, Gesang der Jünglinge, Gruppen, and the opera cycle Licht. His writings and teachings have left a lasting impact on the music world, resulting in numerous awards and distinctions.

Oscar Niemeyer was a Brazilian architect known for his influential work in modern architecture. He gained recognition for his designs in Brasília, Brazil's capital, and the United Nations Headquarters in New York. Niemeyer's innovative use of reinforced concrete and abstract forms set him apart as a key figure in 20th and 21st-century architecture. He collaborated with renowned architects, taught at prestigious universities, and received numerous accolades, including the Pritzker Architecture Prize. Niemeyer's career spanned over seven decades, during which he completed around 600 projects before his passing in 2012.

Edward L. Masry was a well-known American lawyer who co-founded the law firm Masry & Vititoe. He also held public office as a mayor and city councilman in Thousand Oaks, California. Masry became famous for his partnership with legal assistant Erin Brockovich in winning a landmark case against Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) in 1993. Their successful lawsuit was later made into the Academy Award-winning movie, Erin Brockovich (2000).

Jorge Negrete was a well-known Mexican singer and actor celebrated for his significant impact on the entertainment industry. Renowned for his strong and emotional singing abilities, he captivated audiences with his performances in music and film. Negrete achieved fame through successful music recordings and leading roles in popular movies, establishing himself as one of Mexico's most cherished entertainers. His talent and charm left a lasting imprint on the realms of music and cinema.

Amrita Sher-Gil, a Hungarian-Indian painter, is renowned for her avant-garde style and pioneering role in modern Indian art. Beginning formal training at an early age, she gained acclaim for her oil painting "Young Girls" at 19. Sher-Gil's travels to countries such as Turkey, France, and India influenced her art, blending precolonial Indian art styles with contemporary culture. She is considered a significant painter in 20th-century India, comparable to pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. Despite her current esteemed status in the art world, Sher-Gil's work was not fully appreciated during her lifetime.

Johnny Hallyday, a French rock and roll and pop singer and actor, is credited with popularizing rock and roll in France. Throughout his career spanning 57 years, he released 79 albums, sold over 110 million records globally, and received numerous awards, including ten Victoires de la Musique. Renowned for his strong vocals and extravagant stage presence, he collaborated with leading French artists and musicians. Hugely beloved in France, he was considered a national icon and a symbol of French culture. His passing in 2017 led to a huge outpouring of public tributes in France.

Sonia Delaunay, a French artist, was renowned for her innovative contributions to modern design. She trained in Russia and Germany before establishing herself in Paris, where she diversified her artistic pursuits to encompass textile, fashion, and set design. Together with her husband Robert Delaunay, she co-founded the Orphism art movement, known for its vivid colors and geometric forms. Delaunay was associated with the School of Paris and played a significant role in advancing geometric abstraction by incorporating furniture, fabrics, and clothing into her artistic endeavors. Her accomplishments include being the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre and receiving the distinction of an officer of the French Legion of Honor.

Günter Meisner was a versatile German actor known for his compelling portrayals of historical figures like Adolf Hitler and his memorable role as Arthur Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. Fluent in four languages, Meisner showcased his talent in English, German, and French films. With a successful career spanning multiple decades, he left a lasting impact on the entertainment industry with his remarkable performances and ability to bring complex characters to life on screen.

Robert Watson-Watt was a Scottish pioneer in radio direction finding and radar technology. He developed high-frequency direction finding to track thunderstorms and created the "huff-duff" system. This system was crucial in locating enemy radio transmitters during World War II. Watson-Watt also played a key role in the development of Chain Home radar, which was essential in the Battle of Britain. He later advised the U.S. on air defense post-Pearl Harbor and continued to lead radar development for the British government.

Roone Arledge was an influential American sports and news broadcasting executive. He served as president of ABC Sports and ABC News, playing a pivotal role in the company's competition with NBC and CBS. Arledge's innovative approach led to the creation of enduring programs like Monday Night Football, ABC World News Tonight, Nightline, and 20/20. His contributions revolutionized television broadcasting in the 1960s through the 1990s, leaving a lasting impact on the industry.

Serge Monast was a Canadian investigative journalist, poet, and essayist famous for creating the conspiracy theory Project Blue Beam. He gained recognition for his work in English-speaking circles, focusing on theories about a scheme to form a global totalitarian government by leveraging NASA technology to undermine established religions and promote a new-age ideology. Monast dedicated his professional career to investigating contentious subjects and highlighting possible conspiracies, establishing himself as a notable figure in the realm of alternative theories and speculative journalism.

Kenny Dorham was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and occasional singer known for his exceptional talent in the jazz world. Despite receiving praise from critics and fellow musicians, he did not attain the same level of recognition as some of his peers. Dorham's name has become synonymous with being underrated in the jazz establishment. He composed the jazz standard "Blue Bossa," which was first recorded by Joe Henderson, showcasing his prowess as a composer in addition to his skills as a trumpeter.

Princess Augusta of Cambridge married into the Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and became Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Throughout her life, she was actively involved in charitable work, focusing on education and welfare initiatives. Princess Augusta supported various organizations and promoted cultural development within her community by backing the arts and sciences. Her dedication to philanthropy and advocacy for social causes earned her respect and admiration from both her own royal family and the people she served.

Valentin Serov was a renowned Russian painter celebrated for his exceptional portrait paintings in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was recognized as a leading portrait artist of his era, distinguished by a distinctive style blending realism and impressionism. Serov's artworks skillfully portrayed the essence and personality of his subjects with profound sensitivity and depth, leaving a lasting impact on the art world and establishing him as a masterful painter of his time.

Vachel Lindsay was an influential American poet known for his innovative approach to poetry. He is recognized as a pioneer of modern singing poetry, a style that emphasizes performance and musicality in verse. Lindsay's work often incorporated social and political themes, reflecting his passion for advocating social change. Through his unique poetic style, he aimed to engage audiences through public recitations and performances, earning a reputation as a dynamic and captivating presence in the literary world. Lindsay's legacy continues to inspire poets and performers today.

Glenn L. Martin was a pioneering American aviator recognized for his innovative aircraft designs and manufacturing. He founded an aircraft company in 1912, which eventually merged with others to form Lockheed Martin. Martin's contributions to aviation were substantial, influencing the industry's development with his visionary designs and dedication to flight. His legacy continues to impact aviation technology and industry standards to this day.

David K. E. Bruce was a prominent American figure renowned for his distinguished career in diplomacy, intelligence, and politics. Serving as ambassador to France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United Kingdom, he holds a unique place in American history. Bruce's expertise and leadership shone through in his various roles, playing a vital part in international relations during crucial periods. His legacy as a diplomat, intelligence officer, and politician is defined by his substantial contributions to American foreign policy and global affairs.

Ron Meyer was a prominent figure in American football, known for his coaching career at both the college and professional levels. He made a significant impact as the head coach at Southern Methodist University, as well as with the New England Patriots and the Indianapolis Colts in the NFL. Meyer's coaching style and leadership skills helped shape the success of these teams. His contributions to the sport left a lasting legacy, earning him recognition as a respected and accomplished football coach.

Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye, was a French Canadian military officer, fur trader, and explorer who played a key role in expanding Western Canada in the 1730s. He discovered present-day North Dakota and the upper Missouri River, while his sons explored even further, reaching present-day Wyoming and being the first Europeans to see the Rocky Mountains north of New Mexico. Their explorations greatly expanded New France territory.

Queen Fabiola of Belgium was renowned for her philanthropic efforts and commitment to charitable causes during her reign. She championed causes concerning children, the elderly, and the disabled, advocating for their welfare and rights. Additionally, she was a strong supporter of cultural endeavors and the arts in Belgium. Through her involvement in various organizations and foundations, Queen Fabiola utilized her platform to raise awareness and garner support for significant social issues.

Count Jean d'Ormesson had a remarkable career as a French writer and novelist, writing forty books. He was the director of Le Figaro from 1974 to 1977 and a member of the Académie Française from 1973 until his passing, serving as its dean. Additionally, he was the president of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies at UNESCO from 1992 to 1997, highlighting his commitment to intellectual pursuits and cultural endeavors.

Kalki Krishnamurthy was a renowned Indian writer, journalist, poet, critic, and independence activist known for his works in Tamil. He used the pen name "Kalki," representing the future reincarnation of the Hindu God Vishnu. In 1941, he co-founded the magazine Kalki with T Sadasivam. Krishnamurthy's extensive body of work includes over 120 short stories, 10 novellas, 5 novels, and 3 historical romances, along with editorial, political writings, and numerous film and music reviews.

Narayan Gopal Gurubacharya, also known as Narayan Gopal and N. Gopal, was a renowned Nepali singer and composer. He was widely recognized as the "Swar Samrat" (Emperor of Voice) in Nepal due to his exceptional vocal range and versatility in singing various Nepalese music genres. Serving as a music director from the 1950s to the 70s, he was among the pioneering professional singers in Nepal. Throughout his career, he released 137 songs that were featured in movies and dramas across the country, establishing him as a prominent cultural figure.

Robert Karvelas was an American actor known for his role as Larabee in the television series Get Smart. He portrayed the character of Larabee with a unique blend of humor and wit, contributing to the show's success during its run from 1965 to 1970. Karvelas's performance captured the audience's attention and became a memorable part of the series. His professional life was highlighted by his work in Get Smart, showcasing his talent and versatility as an actor in the entertainment industry.

Thomas Billington, known as the Dynamite Kid, was a British professional wrestler trained by "Dr Death" Ted Betley. He competed in WWF, Stampede Wrestling, AJPW, and NJPW, and was part of The British Bulldogs tag team with Davey Boy Smith. Known for his feuds with Tiger Mask and Bret Hart, he revolutionized in-ring athleticism by blending styles from various countries. Regarded as highly influential, he elevated the art of wrestling by incorporating techniques from Britain, Mexico, Canada, and Japan.

Gall, a prominent military leader of the Hunkpapa Lakota, played a crucial role in the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Following the conflict, he sought refuge in Canada with Sitting Bull's group before surrendering in 1881 to reside on the Standing Rock Reservation. Advocating for his people's assimilation into reservation life, Gall later served as a tribal judge. His professional journey reflects a transition from wartime leadership to a commitment to fostering stability and governance within his community.

Władysław Reymont, a celebrated Polish novelist, is best known for his impactful literary works, notably the award-winning novel Chłopi (The Peasants). His diverse professional journey included experiences such as working as a gateman at a railway station and pursuing a career as an actor in a troupe. Reymont's writings focused on social inequalities, poverty, multiculturalism, and labor exploitation, highlighting the repercussions of extreme industrialization. His symbolic use of socialist concepts and criticism of capitalism resonated with the themes of decadence and literary impressionism in the Young Poland movement.

Nikolai Yudenich was a notable leader in the Russian Imperial Army during World War I, where he served as a commander. He played a key role in leading the anti-communist White movement in northwestern Russia during the Civil War that ensued after the Bolshevik Revolution. Yudenich's military career was distinguished by his strategic acumen and unwavering opposition to the Bolshevik regime. His leadership in organizing and directing forces against the Communists showcased his dedication to preserving traditional Russian values and combatting the rise of communism.

Benjamin Holt was an innovative American businessman and inventor known for patenting and manufacturing the first practical crawler-type tread tractor. His invention of the continuous-type track revolutionized heavy agricultural and engineering vehicles by spreading weight over a larger area to prevent sinking into soft ground. Alongside his brothers, he founded the Holt Manufacturing Company, which played a significant role in the development of heavy machinery and equipment. Holt's contributions to the industry continue to impact modern vehicle design and operation.

Sri Aurobindo was a notable Indian philosopher, yogi, poet, and nationalist leader. Initially involved in journalism and the fight for Indian independence, he later shifted his focus to spiritual pursuits. Developing Integral Yoga in Pondicherry, he aimed to guide human evolution towards a divine existence. Together with his spiritual partner, he established the Sri Aurobindo Ashram and wrote influential works such as The Life Divine and Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol.

George Brecht was an American conceptual artist, avant-garde composer, and professional chemist. He was a consultant for notable companies such as Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Mobil Oil. Brecht was a key member of Fluxus, an international group of avant-garde artists, from its inception in 1962 until the death of George Maciunas in 1978. Known for his participatory art, particularly Event Scores like Drip Music 1962, which required viewer involvement, Brecht's work is considered a precursor to conceptual art, aiming to highlight the details of everyday life.

Bob Richardson was an American fashion photographer known for his swift rise to fame and his difficult reputation. Despite battling schizophrenia and facing personal struggles, he achieved success in the competitive world of fashion, earning high fees for his work. After a period of homelessness, he was rediscovered and helped back into the industry by notable figures in the field. Richardson reestablished his career in his sixties, working for prestigious magazines and teaching at renowned institutions, leaving a lasting impact on the world of fashion photography.

Hashim al-Atassi was a prominent Syrian nationalist and statesman who served as the President of Syria during multiple terms in the mid-20th century. He played a significant role in advocating for independence and unity in Syria's political landscape. Al-Atassi's leadership during his presidential terms from 1936 to 1939, 1949 to 1951, and 1954 to 1955 focused on strengthening Syria's position on the world stage and advancing its national interests.

Wilf Carter, known professionally as Montana Slim in the United States, was a prominent Canadian Country and Western singer, songwriter, guitarist, and yodeller. He wrote a vast catalog of over 500 songs, showcasing his musical talents. In 1971, his influential contributions to the music industry were recognized with his induction into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. Widely regarded as the father of Canadian country music, Carter paved the way for future generations of Canadian performers, leaving a lasting impact on the country music scene.

Frits Philips served as the fourth chairman of the board of directors of Philips, a Dutch electronics company. He was instrumental in guiding the company through periods of growth and innovation. During World War II, Frits Philips displayed exceptional bravery and compassion by rescuing hundreds of Jews from the Nazi Occupation of the Netherlands. In 1996, he was honored as a Righteous Among the Nations for his courageous actions.

Sabbas the Sanctified was a Cappadocian Greek monk and priest known for founding several convents, notably Mar Saba in Palestine. He lived mainly in Palaestina Prima, dedicating his life to spiritual pursuits and the care of livestock. His professional endeavors focused on religious leadership, establishing communities for religious women, and promoting monasticism in the region. Sabbas the Sanctified's name, meaning "old man" in Imperial Aramaic, reflects his revered status as a saint in the Church.

Chuck Williams was an influential American entrepreneur known for founding Williams Sonoma, a renowned retail and mail-order business specializing in kitchenware. He authored and edited over 100 books on cooking, establishing himself as an expert in the culinary world. Williams played a pivotal role in introducing French cookware to American households, revolutionizing the way people cooked. His contributions helped shape the way Americans approached cooking and kitchenware, leaving a lasting impact on the culinary industry.

Violetta Villas was a renowned Polish and international cabaret star, singer, actress, composer, and songwriter with an exceptional coloratura soprano voice spanning four octaves. She was celebrated for her musical talents, including playing the piano, violin, and trombone with absolute pitch. Villas gained recognition for her performances at the Casino de Paris in Las Vegas and was known for her extravagant wardrobe and hit songs. Over her career, she appeared in films, musical shows, and recorded nearly three hundred songs in various languages, earning the Medal for Merit to Culture in 2011.

Eliza R. Snow was a celebrated poet, chronicler of history, and expounder of scripture and doctrine. She was known for her contributions to the Latter-day Saint community, particularly as the second general president of the Relief Society of the LDS Church. Snow's professional life was marked by her leadership in reestablishing the Relief Society in the Utah Territory in 1866. Additionally, she was recognized for her role as a plural wife to both Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, highlighting her significant influence within the Latter-day Saint movement.

Rashaan Salaam was an American professional football running back who played for four seasons in the NFL during the 1990s. He played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes and won the 1994 Heisman Trophy. Salaam was selected by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 1995 NFL draft. During his professional career, he played for the Bears and the Cleveland Browns. Tragically, Salaam passed away on December 5, 2016.

Otto Graf Lambsdorff, a German politician associated with the Free Democratic Party (FDP), held the position of German Federal Minister of Economics from 1977 to 1984. Throughout his term, he introduced market-oriented economic strategies that heavily influenced Germany's economic environment. Despite facing corruption accusations, he stepped down in 1984. Nevertheless, Lambsdorff's noteworthy contributions to economic policy and his influence on the German economy during his tenure as Minister of Economics are acknowledged.

Marco Torlonia, 6th Prince of Civitella-Cesi, had a distinguished professional life marked by his involvement in various philanthropic endeavors and business ventures. He was known for his contributions to charitable organizations and his support for cultural initiatives. Additionally, he played a significant role in promoting heritage conservation projects and was involved in the management of the family's business interests. Through his leadership and vision, he made a lasting impact on the community and upheld the legacy of his noble lineage.

Seki Takakazu, also known as Seki Kōwa, was a prominent Japanese mathematician and author during the Edo period. Often referred to as "Japan's Newton," he laid the foundations for Japanese mathematics, known as wasan. Seki created a new algebraic notation system, made significant contributions to infinitesimal calculus and Diophantine equations, and independently worked on various mathematical problems. His pioneering work on Bernoulli numbers, the resultant and determinant, and the accurate calculation of pi significantly influenced Japanese mathematical thought for generations.

Maurice Dorléac was a distinguished French actor known for his captivating performances on both stage and screen. With a career spanning decades, he established himself as a versatile and talented artist, winning acclaim for his roles in various productions. His dedication to his craft and his ability to bring depth and authenticity to his characters earned him a reputation as a respected figure in the entertainment industry. Dorléac's contributions to the world of acting continue to be remembered and celebrated by audiences and peers alike.

Jackie Healy-Rae was an Irish Independent politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) representing the Kerry South constituency from 1997 to 2011. He was recognized for his distinct political style, prioritizing local matters and championing the needs of his constituents. He played a key role in obtaining funding for numerous Kerry projects, showcasing his effectiveness in delivering outcomes for the local community. Healy-Rae made a significant impact in Irish politics as a TD, earning acclaim for his grassroots engagement.

Karl Amadeus Hartmann was a renowned German composer known for his significant contributions to post-war German music. He achieved recognition as one of the most prominent figures in the country's musical landscape. Hartmann's work as a composer was highly regarded, particularly for his symphonies, earning him the reputation of being the greatest German symphonist of the 20th century. His professional life was marked by a dedication to creating powerful and innovative musical compositions that resonated with audiences and critics alike.

Hazel Gladys Bishop was a pioneering American chemist who founded the cosmetics company Hazel Bishop, Inc. She is credited with inventing the first long-lasting lipstick, which revolutionized the beauty industry by addressing the common problem of lipstick wearing off quickly. Bishop's innovative product led to significant advancements in cosmetics and solidified her reputation as a trailblazing figure in the field of chemistry and cosmetics.

Joseph Erlanger, an American physiologist, made notable contributions to neuroscience by identifying different types of nerve fibers and establishing the link between action potential velocity and fiber diameter. His collaboration with Herbert Spencer Gasser led to groundbreaking discoveries that earned them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1944. Erlanger's research has significantly influenced our knowledge of the nervous system and has contributed to further progress in neuroscience.

Horace Cleveland was an influential American landscape architect known for his naturalistic approach to landscape design. His notable projects include the Grand Rounds in Minneapolis, Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts, the boulevard system in Omaha, Nebraska, Roger Williams Park in Providence, Rhode Island, and St. Anthony Park in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Cleveland's work emphasized the integration of natural elements into urban environments, creating spaces that harmonized with their surroundings and provided both aesthetic beauty and functional value to the communities he served.

Huseyn Javid was a notable Azerbaijani poet and playwright recognized for his significant contributions to early 20th-century Azerbaijani literature. He was instrumental in promoting the progressive romanticism movement in the region, shaping the cultural and literary scene of Azerbaijan. Javid faced exile during the Stalin purges in the USSR, enduring persecution for his beliefs and artistic pursuits. Nevertheless, his legacy as a literary figure remains strong.

Thomas Pringle was a Scottish writer, poet, and abolitionist recognized for his important influence on South African literature. He is acclaimed as the father of South African poetry for being the first successful English language poet to portray the country's landscapes, people, and society vividly. Through his works, Pringle significantly raised awareness about life in South Africa during his era, leaving a lasting legacy as a trailblazer in representing the region's literature.

Gaspard Bauhin, a Swiss botanist, made significant contributions to the field of botany. His work in the Pinax theatri botanici included detailed descriptions and classifications of thousands of plants, which laid the foundation for advancements in binomial nomenclature. Bauhin studied under Italian physician Girolamo Mercuriale and also made important contributions to human anatomical nomenclature. His influence on the scientific community is reflected in Linnaeus naming the genus Bauhinia after him.

August, Graf von Platen, a celebrated German poet and dramatist, was widely recognized for his valuable contributions to German literature. Known as Count Platen, he created a substantial body of work that showcased his talent and creativity. His poetry and plays were distinguished by their profound themes, emotional depth, and intense exploration. Graf von Platen's literary endeavors earned him acclaim, solidifying his reputation as a prominent figure in the literary world of his era.

Walter Dorwin Teague was a pioneering American industrial designer, architect, illustrator, graphic designer, writer, and entrepreneur. Recognized as the "Dean of Industrial Design," he played a critical role in establishing industrial design as a profession in the US. Known for his classic and traditional design approach, Teague later transitioned to modern tastes, becoming a key figure in spreading mid-century modernism in America. He created iconic product and package designs, notably for the 1939-40 New York World's Fair, and emphasized creating heirlooms from mass-produced objects.

Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman was a prominent American tennis player known for her dominance in the sport before World War I. She achieved significant success by winning a total of 45 U.S. titles throughout her career. Wightman is best remembered for her role as the founder of the Wightman Cup, an annual team competition that brought together British and American women tennis players. Her contributions to the sport and her numerous accomplishments have solidified her legacy as one of the most influential figures in American women's tennis history.

Colin Wilson, an English philosopher-novelist, made significant contributions to existentialist philosophy. He authored over a hundred books on a wide range of topics, including true crime, mysticism, and the paranormal. Wilson is credited with introducing the terms "new existentialism" and "phenomenological existentialism" to describe his philosophical stance. Throughout his career, he focused on developing an optimistic existentialist philosophy and produced a substantial body of work that remains influential in philosophical and literary circles.

Patriarch Alexy II served as the 15th Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' and the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church. He was elected in 1990, becoming the first Russian Patriarch of the post-Soviet period. Throughout his tenure, he played a crucial role in unifying and strengthening the Russian Orthodox Church following the collapse of the Soviet Union. He focused on revitalizing the church's infrastructure, promoting inter-church relations, and advocating for spiritual and moral values within Russian society. Alexy II was renowned for his dedication to enhancing the Orthodox Church's influence both in Russia and worldwide.

Tibor "Ted" Rubin was a Hungarian-American Army Corporal and Holocaust survivor who immigrated to the U.S. in 1948. He fought in the Korean War, where he demonstrated exceptional bravery and dedication. Despite facing discrimination and dangerous assignments due to antisemitism, Rubin's courage and selflessness stood out. His actions as a combatant and a prisoner of war earned him the prestigious Medal of Honor. His contributions to the military were finally recognized when President George W. Bush awarded him the Medal of Honor in 2005, 55 years after the Korean War. President Obama later honored Rubin by renaming the Long Beach California VA Medical Center after him in 2016.

Silvio Zavala was a distinguished Mexican historian recognized for his innovative contributions to the study of law history and research on Mexico's institutions. His work significantly advanced the understanding of Mexico's legal and political evolution, establishing him as a trailblazer in the field. Zavala's expertise and scholarly accomplishments have solidified his legacy as a foundational reference for historians and scholars exploring Mexico's legal system and governmental structures.

Cosmo Gordon Lang was a Scottish Anglican prelate who served as Archbishop of York and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. He was known for his rapid rise within the Church of England, his strong moral stance during the abdication crisis of 1936, and his progressive views on issues such as church unity and the use of contraception. Lang's career was marked by a balance of Anglo-Catholic beliefs and occasional radicalism, as well as his commitment to his calling until his retirement in 1942.

Johannes Wislicenus, a prominent German chemist, made significant contributions to early stereochemistry through groundbreaking research and discoveries. His work advanced the understanding of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules, profoundly impacting the development of organic chemistry. Wislicenus's pioneering efforts laid the foundation for future studies in stereochemistry, establishing him as a revered figure in the field of chemistry.

Edward Martyn was an influential Irish playwright who made significant contributions to Ireland's cultural and political scene. He played a key role in the early republican movement and served as the inaugural president of Sinn Féin from 1905 to 1908. Martyn's plays were a reflection of his nationalist convictions, and he utilized his position to champion Irish culture and independence. His active participation in politics and unwavering support for Irish causes established him as a committed activist and a prominent figure in Irish history.

Martin Coles Harman was an English businessman who made a significant impact in early 20th-century corporate finance in the City of London. He bought the island of Lundy in 1925 and was involved in various ventures, including introducing his own postage stamps and currency for the island. Harman controlled a substantial portfolio of companies worth millions by 1928. However, his career took a downturn after facing bankruptcy and legal issues, including being found guilty of conspiracy to defraud and serving time in prison.

Sir John Pritchard was a highly respected English conductor known for his exceptional interpretations of Mozart operas and his advocacy for contemporary music. Throughout his career, he conducted numerous orchestras and opera companies, leaving a lasting impact on the classical music world. Pritchard's passion for both traditional and modern compositions earned him a reputation as a versatile and innovative conductor. His dedication to promoting new works and his masterful performances of Mozart's operas solidified his legacy as a prominent figure in the music industry.

Marie Anne de La Trémoille, also known as the Princesse des Ursins, was a French courtier who wielded considerable political power as a de facto ruler of Spain from 1701 to 1714. She served as a representative of French interests in Rome and later in Spain under the Bourbon dynasty. Holding a prominent position at the Spanish royal court during the initial years of Philip V's reign, she was eventually expelled from the country following a power struggle with Queen Elisabeth Farnese.

Arthur Leipzig was an American photographer renowned for his expertise in street photography, particularly capturing the essence of New York City. His work garnered widespread acclaim, leading to significant recognition in the field. In 2004, he earned the prestigious Lucie Award for Outstanding Achievement in Fine Art Photography, highlighting his exceptional talent and contributions to the art form. Leipzig's portfolio reflects his keen eye for detail and his ability to convey powerful narratives through his captivating images, solidifying his legacy as a distinguished figure in photography.

Johan Friis was a renowned Danish statesman who held the position of Chancellor under King Christian III of Denmark. He was instrumental in the Protestant Reformation and the governance of Denmark across three royal reigns. Friis was distinguished for his adept diplomacy, acting as a mediator between Danish and German groups amidst the Reformation. Additionally, he served as the inaugural Rector of the University of Copenhagen and provided financial backing to the institution. Friis exerted substantial influence in state matters, notably during the Scandinavian Seven Years' War.

Keith Runcorn, a British physicist, made significant contributions to the revival of the theory of continental drift and the development of plate tectonics through his work in paleomagnetic reconstruction. His research on the relative motions of Europe and America provided valuable insights into the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates, advancing the understanding of Earth's geology and reshaping the field of geophysics. Runcorn's work is widely recognized for its lasting impact on the scientific community.

Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, a German lawyer, translator, and poet, was closely linked with the Sturm und Drang and early Romantic movements. Known for his legal knowledge and literary translations, he made significant contributions to the poetic trends of his era. His work exemplifies a profound connection with the cultural and intellectual climate of late 18th and early 19th-century Germany, cementing his importance in the literary scene of that period.

James Stewart, Earl of Arran, was appointed as Lord Chancellor of Scotland after being granted the title by King James VI. He had achieved this position by wresting the title from James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran. Throughout his professional life, he played a significant role in the governance of Scotland, holding important positions of authority. Unfortunately, his career came to a tragic end when he was murdered in 1595, marking the conclusion of his notable contributions to Scottish politics and leadership.

Li Keran, also known as Sanqi, was an influential Chinese guohua painter and art educator who played a significant role in shaping the art scene in China during the latter half of the 20th century. As a respected professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, he mentored a generation of Chinese artists. Despite his background in Western oil painting, Li was celebrated for his traditional literati paintings, which drew inspiration from renowned masters such as Qi Baishi and Huang Binhong. His artworks, including notable pieces like Thousands of Hills in a Crimsoned View, have fetched high prices at auctions, setting records in the art market.

Alexandre Trauner was a celebrated Hungarian film production designer recognized for his contributions to numerous iconic films. Starting as an assistant set designer in Paris, he worked closely with renowned directors such as Marcel Carné and Billy Wilder. Trauner's creative utilization of set design techniques, notably false perspective, distinguished him in the field. Over the years, he collaborated on award-winning productions like The Apartment and The Children of Paradise. His talent and impact in the film industry were acknowledged with accolades, including an Academy Award.

Paul M. Doty was a highly respected American biochemist who served as the Mallinckrodt Professor of Biochemistry at Harvard University. He was known for his pioneering scientific research in characterizing biopolymers like DNA, collagen, and proteins using innovative optical techniques such as light scattering and circular dichroism. Doty also made significant contributions to the Manhattan Project by working on uranium isolation during World War II. Throughout his career, he continued to advocate for nuclear disarmament and peace initiatives, demonstrating his dedication to scientific progress and global welfare.

Vladimir Nikolayevich Toporov was a prominent Russian philologist known for his association with the Tartu-Moscow semiotic school. He authored over 1500 works, covering topics such as Akhmatova, Dante, Indo-European rites, Aeneas, myths, Russian spiritual culture, and Russian literature. He translated the Dhammapada into Russian and supervised the compilation of a comprehensive Prussian language vocabulary. Toporov received numerous accolades, including the USSR State Prize, Solzhenitsyn Prize, and Andrei Bely Prize. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and various scholarly societies.

Roy Welensky was a notable Northern Rhodesian politician who held the position of the second and final Prime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Federation, advocating for the merger of Northern and Southern Rhodesia. During his time as Prime Minister, Welensky resisted British efforts to promote black majority rule and employed force to quell politically motivated disturbances. Following the dissolution of the Federation in 1963, he remained active in politics, striving to avert Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of independence.

Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann was a prominent German historian and politician known for his significant contributions to academia and politics. He played a key role in shaping German political thought during the early 19th century. Dahlmann's expertise in historical research and analysis earned him recognition as a leading figure in the field. His political career was marked by a commitment to liberal ideals and advocacy for constitutional reform. Throughout his professional life, Dahlmann remained dedicated to advancing knowledge and promoting progressive change in German society.

Anna Kavan, a versatile British artist, gained recognition for her work as a novelist, short story writer, and painter. Initially known as Helen Ferguson, she later adopted the pseudonym Anna Kavan as her official identity. Kavan's distinctive writing and artwork positioned her as a significant and innovative figure in the literary and artistic realms. Her diverse portfolio is revered for its originality, creativity, and engaging themes.

Lisle Austin had a distinguished career in football administration, notably serving as the President of the Barbados Football Association. In addition, he briefly held the position of President of CONCACAF in 2011 before facing suspension. Throughout his professional life, Austin made significant contributions to the development and governance of football in the region. His tenure at both the national and international levels showcased his dedication and involvement in the sport, leaving a lasting impact on the football community.

Ildikó Pécsi was a celebrated Hungarian actress with a career that lasted over five decades. Her debut in 1961 marked the beginning of a prolific journey in which she starred in more than a hundred films, demonstrating her versatility and captivating audiences with her performances. Pécsi was widely respected in the Hungarian film industry, earning critical praise for her roles across various genres. Her dedication and talent left a lasting impact on the world of cinema.

Hortense Sparks Ward was a trailblazing Texas lawyer and advocate for women's rights. She made significant strides in the legal profession, becoming one of the first female lawyers in the state. Ward's dedication to gender equality and justice led her to actively promote women's suffrage and fight against discriminatory laws. Through her legal practice, Ward championed the rights of women and marginalized communities, leaving a lasting impact on the legal landscape in Texas. Her work continues to inspire future generations of lawyers and activists.