Famous Deaths on February 18

Michelangelo, the renowned Italian artist of the High Renaissance, was a sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. Inspired by classical antiquity, he greatly influenced Western art with his iconic works like the Pietà and David. Known for his versatility, Michelangelo excelled in various artistic mediums. His masterpieces include the frescoes in the Sistine Chapel and architectural designs like the Laurentian Library and St. Peter's Basilica, showcasing his genius. Renowned for his intense artistic style, he was often hailed as "Il Divino" for his awe-inspiring creativity.

Martin Luther was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar, who became a seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation. He rejected teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly on indulgences, leading to his excommunication by Pope Leo X in 1521. Emphasizing salvation through faith in Jesus Christ, Luther challenged papal authority and advocated for the Bible as the sole source of divine knowledge. His translation of the Bible into German and hymns greatly influenced church practices and German culture.

J. Robert Oppenheimer was a prominent American theoretical physicist who led the Manhattan Project during World War II. He made important contributions to physics, especially in quantum mechanics and nuclear physics, and was instrumental in the creation of the atomic bomb. Oppenheimer later pushed for global oversight of nuclear energy to halt its spread and was against the advancement of the hydrogen bomb. Despite facing suspicion during the Red Scare period, he stayed active in the field of physics and was eventually restored politically.

Dale Earnhardt was a legendary American stock car driver and team owner who participated in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series for over two decades. His bold driving techniques earned him nicknames such as "the Intimidator" and "the Man in Black." Earnhardt achieved a remarkable 76 wins in the Winston Cup series, triumphing in prestigious races like the Daytona 500 and Winston 500. He claimed seven Winston Cup championships and was hailed as one of the finest drivers in NASCAR history. His untimely passing in 2001 prompted substantial safety enhancements in the sport.

Kublai Khan founded the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in China and became its first emperor. He proclaimed the "Great Yuan" in 1271 and ruled until his death in 1294. Kublai's power was mostly confined to the Yuan Empire, but he also wielded influence in other regions. He established the Yuan dynasty, which governed territories including China, Mongolia, Korea, southern Siberia, and more. In 1279, he succeeded in conquering the Song dynasty, becoming the first non-Han emperor to control all of China proper.

Kerry Von Erich, also known as the Texas Tornado, was a prominent professional wrestler who achieved significant success in World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF). Throughout his career, he held an impressive forty championships in various promotions. Von Erich's accomplishments include being a one-time NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion, four-time WCWA World Heavyweight Champion, and one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion. He was widely recognized as a five-time world champion, showcasing his exceptional talent and skill in the wrestling world.

Harry Caray was an American radio and television sportscaster known for his play-by-play commentary for five Major League Baseball teams. He began his career calling games for the St. Louis Cardinals for 25 years, also spending time with the St. Louis Browns. Caray later worked for the Oakland Athletics and the Chicago White Sox before spending the final 16 years of his career as the announcer for the Chicago Cubs. Throughout his tenure, Caray was celebrated for his energetic and passionate broadcasting style.

Jerry Buss was a versatile American businessman, investor, chemist, and philanthropist who had a significant impact on professional sports. He was the majority owner of the Los Angeles Lakers and led the team to 10 NBA championships, notably during the Showtime era of the 1980s. Buss was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame for his contributions to basketball. He also owned other professional sports franchises in Southern California, establishing himself as a pioneering figure in sports ownership.

Andy Devine was an American character actor renowned for his raspy voice and roles in Western films. He gained fame for portraying Cookie, Roy Rogers' sidekick in numerous feature films. Devine also starred in iconic movies alongside John Wayne, such as Stagecoach and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. His memorable performances extended to television, notably as Jingles in The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok. Devine's versatility shone through in his portrayal of Danny McGuire in A Star Is Born and as the voice of Friar Tuck in Robin Hood.

Timur, also known as Tamerlane, was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia. He was an undefeated commander and is considered one of the greatest military leaders in history. Timur led military campaigns across Western, South, and Central Asia, defeating various powerful rulers and establishing himself as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world. He sought to invoke the legacy of Genghis Khan's conquests and envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire. Timur relied on Islamic symbols to legitimize his conquests and was a patron of educational and religious institutions.

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim was a Renaissance polymath known for his diverse professional pursuits. He excelled as a physician, legal scholar, soldier, knight, theologian, and occult writer. His notable work, "Three Books of Occult Philosophy," published in 1533, drew from Kabbalah, Hermeticism, and neo-Platonism. Despite its influence on esotericists during the early modern period, the book faced criticism and was considered heretical by the inquisitor of Cologne.

Ivan Koloff, known as "the Russian Bear," was a Canadian professional wrestler who made a significant impact in the world of wrestling. He gained fame for being the third wrestler to hold the prestigious WWWF Championship. Koloff's wrestling skills and persona captivated audiences, establishing him as a prominent figure in the industry. His legacy as a successful wrestler and champion continues to be remembered by fans and peers alike, solidifying his place in the history of professional wrestling.

Eddie Mathews had a successful 17-season career in Major League Baseball, primarily playing as a third baseman for the Boston/Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves, Houston Astros, and Detroit Tigers. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978. Mathews excelled as a player, winning the NL home run title twice and being an All-Star for nine seasons. After retiring as a player, he went on to coach and manage teams like the Atlanta Braves, as well as scout and coach for other MLB teams.

Albert Bierstadt was a celebrated German American painter known for his magnificent landscapes of the American West. He joined Westward Expansion expeditions to depict these scenes on canvas, establishing himself as a prominent artist in the late 19th century. Trained in Düsseldorf and affiliated with the Hudson River School in New York, Bierstadt was recognized for his detailed and radiant paintings. His art primarily concentrated on the western landscape, aligning him with the Rocky Mountain School and solidifying his reputation as a significant interpreter of the region.

Vasil Levski, a Bulgarian revolutionary, was nicknamed the Apostle of Freedom for his role in founding the Internal Revolutionary Organisation and leading a movement to free Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. As a teacher in Bulgarian territories, he spread his revolutionary ideas and set up insurrectionary committees throughout the country. Levski also played a key role in establishing the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee in Romania. Sadly, he was captured by Ottoman forces and put to death in Sofia. His vision included a Bulgarian republic based on ethnic and religious equality, with equal rights for all individuals in a liberated Bulgaria.

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi was a prominent German mathematician renowned for his substantial contributions to various areas of mathematics. His groundbreaking advancements in elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants, and number theory revolutionized these fields and solidified his status as a leading figure in 19th-century mathematics. Jacobi's innovative research and discoveries continue to influence mathematicians globally, establishing his legacy as a pioneer in mathematical theory and practice.

Fra Angelico, an Italian Renaissance painter and Dominican friar, was celebrated for his exceptional skill in religious art. He became renowned for his frescoes at San Marco in Florence and also undertook projects in Rome. Known by various names such as Fra Giovanni da Fiesole, Fra Giovanni Angelico, and Beato Angelico, he was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1982 due to his recognized holiness. Fra Angelico was admired for his humility, modesty, and the piety that shone through in his artwork.

Jerome Kersey was an American professional basketball player in the NBA, known for his tenure with various teams including the Portland Trail Blazers, Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Lakers, Seattle SuperSonics, San Antonio Spurs, and Milwaukee Bucks. He won an NBA championship with the Spurs in 1999 and was a key player for the Trail Blazers. After retiring, Kersey transitioned into coaching, working as an assistant under Terry Porter. His career was marked by his athleticism, versatility, and contributions to multiple teams before his untimely passing in 2015.

Marguerite McNamara was an American actress and model known for her work on stage, film, and television. She gained attention for her role as Patty O'Neill in the 1951 national tour and Broadway production of F. Hugh Herbert's The Moon Is Blue, earning an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for the film adaptation. McNamara appeared in a total of three films, with her final one being The Cardinal in 1963. She later transitioned to working as a typist in New York City until her passing in 1978.

Maria Franziska von Trapp was a talented singer who was part of the Trapp Family Singers, known for her beautiful soprano voice. She performed in various venues, inspiring the Broadway musical and film The Sound of Music. She continued to share her musical talents through performances in the United States and later dedicated herself to missionary work in Papua New Guinea, where she adopted a son. Maria Franziska's musical legacy and community contributions had a lasting impact on those around her.

Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici was a renowned patron of the arts, famous for leaving the Medicis' extensive art collection to the Tuscan state. As Electress of the Palatinate, she promoted musicians and made the Palatine court a major music hub. Despite changes to Tuscan inheritance laws, she was overlooked for the throne in favor of Duke Francis Stephen of Lorraine. Upon her return to Florence, she held the title of first lady until her brother's reign, at which point she was exiled.

Dedan Kimathi Waciuri was a prominent military and spiritual leader during the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya. He played a key role in establishing formal military structures and organizing a war council within the movement. Kimathi, alongside other leaders, served as one of the Field Marshals of the Mau Mau. While British authorities labeled him a terrorist, Kenyan nationalists regarded him as a hero for his efforts in fighting against colonial rule. Despite initial criticism from some Kenyan leaders, Kimathi and the Mau Mau rebels were later acknowledged as heroes of Kenya's struggle for independence.

Dame Ngaio Marsh, a distinguished New Zealand mystery writer and theatre director, gained acclaim during the "Golden Age of Detective Fiction" and was appointed as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1966. Revered as one of the "Queens of Crime" alongside other renowned authors, Marsh is most notably recognized for her creation of Inspector Roderick Alleyn, an elegant detective serving with the Metropolitan Police in London. Her enduring influence is honored through the annual Ngaio Marsh Awards, which celebrate excellence in New Zealand mystery, crime, and thriller literature.

Gale Robbins was an accomplished American actress and singer. She made a name for herself in the entertainment industry with her versatile talents. Robbins showcased her skills on both the big screen and in musical performances, captivating audiences with her charisma and vocal abilities. Her professional life was marked by a successful career that spanned various roles in film and television, earning her recognition as a talented performer. Throughout her career, Gale Robbins left a lasting impact on the entertainment world with her memorable performances.

Charles Trenet, a famous French singer-songwriter, had a successful career that lasted over 60 years. He composed music and lyrics for around 1,000 songs, including hits like "Boum!" (1938), "La Mer" (1946), and "Nationale 7" (1955). Trenet collaborated with musicians Michel Emer and Léo Chauliac on memorable songs such as "Y'a d'la joie" (1938), "La Romance de Paris" (1941), and "Douce France" (1947). His remarkable contributions to the music industry led to accolades like the Honorary Molière Award in 2000.

Noam Pitlik was an accomplished American television director and actor. He gained recognition for his work on the ABC sitcom Barney Miller, winning an Emmy for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series in 1979. Pitlik's talents extended beyond directing, as he also showcased his skills as an actor in various TV shows. Throughout his professional life, Pitlik made significant contributions to the television industry, leaving a lasting impact with his work both behind and in front of the camera.

Laurel Anne Hester was a dedicated police lieutenant with the Ocean County, New Jersey Prosecutor's Office. She gained national recognition for her advocacy for equal pension rights for her domestic partner. Her courageous battle for equality was depicted in the award-winning documentary "Freeheld" in 2007 and later in the feature film of the same name in 2015, where she was portrayed by Julianne Moore. Laurel Hester's professional life was marked by her commitment to justice and equality in the workplace.

Frederick Augustus III of Saxony, who served in the Royal Saxon Army and later rose to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall, was the last King of Saxony, reigning from 1904 to 1918. Despite being beloved by his subjects, he chose to abdicate on 13 November 1918 after the German Empire's defeat in World War I. Following his passing at Sibyllenort Palace in Lower Silesia, he was interred in Dresden.

Pope Gregory V, also known as Bruno of Carinthia, served as the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 3 May 996 until his passing. Appointed by his cousin, Emperor Otto III, Gregory V worked to strengthen the relationship between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire, focusing on maintaining stability and unity within the Church and its territories.

Pantelis Pantelidis was a highly talented Greek singer, songwriter, and lyricist who left a lasting impact on the music industry. His soulful voice and emotional lyrics resonated with audiences of all ages. Pantelidis was renowned for his unique fusion of traditional Greek music with modern elements, creating a distinctive sound that captured the hearts of many. Despite his promising career, his life was tragically cut short in a car crash in 2016, leaving behind a legacy of beautiful music.

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, was a pivotal figure in the Wars of the Roses, switching allegiances between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. He played a significant role in the dynastic struggle, ultimately being convicted of treason against his brother, King Edward IV, and facing execution by drowning in malmsey wine. His life and actions have been immortalized in William Shakespeare's plays, depicting his complex relationships and his ultimate downfall at the hands of his brother Richard III.

Richard Warren Schickel was an influential American film historian, journalist, author, documentarian, and critic. He had a significant impact on film criticism, working as a film critic for Time magazine for over four decades. Schickel also contributed to publications like Life and the Los Angeles Times Book Review. He played a key role in challenging traditional moralizing views in film criticism alongside renowned critics like Pauline Kael and Andrew Sarris. In addition to his work in film criticism, Schickel also delved into critiquing and documenting cartoons, particularly focusing on Peanuts.

Albert Payson Terhune was an accomplished American writer, dog breeder, and journalist known for his novels centered around the adventures of his cherished collies. He gained popularity for his work as a breeder of collies at Sunnybank Kennels, with the bloodlines of his dogs continuing to influence today's Rough Collies. Terhune's professional life was characterized by his dedication to showcasing the loyalty and intelligence of collies through his writing and breeding practices, leaving a lasting impact on the world of dog breeding and literature.

Bozorg Alavi was a prominent Iranian writer, novelist, and political intellectual known for his significant contributions to Iranian literature. He was a founding member of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran and spent a considerable portion of his life in exile in East Germany. Alavi's novel "Cheshm'hā'yash" is revered as a masterpiece, and he authored other notable works including "Chamedan", "Mirza", "Fifty Three Persons", and "Gilemard". His involvement in the modernization movement and his role in a literary group he co-founded with Sadegh Hedayat were instrumental in shaping Iranian literature during his time.

Henry Norris Russell, a prominent American astronomer, made significant contributions to the field of astronomy. In 1910, he co-developed the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with Ejnar Hertzsprung, which became a key tool in understanding stellar evolution. Additionally, in 1923, he collaborated with Frederick Saunders to establish the Russell-Saunders coupling, also known as LS coupling, a crucial concept in spectroscopy. Russell's groundbreaking work transformed our understanding of stars and their classification, establishing him as a leading figure in the field of astronomy.

Kristijonas Donelaitis was a Prussian Lithuanian poet and Lutheran pastor who lived and worked in Lithuania Minor. He is renowned for composing The Seasons (Metai), the first classic Lithuanian language poem. This work is highly regarded as a fundamental piece of Lithuanian poetry, portraying the daily struggles of Lithuanian peasants under serfdom and the yearly rhythm of life. Throughout his career, Donelaitis focused on serving as a pastor and producing impactful literary works that shed light on the experiences of his community.

Rosario Ferré was a celebrated Puerto Rican writer known for her novels, poetry, and essays. Her work garnered critical acclaim, with awards such as the "Liberatur Prix" for the German translation of her novel "Maldito Amor." Ferré's literary accomplishments have garnered her global acclaim, establishing her as a influential and talented figure in the literary world. Her captivating storytelling and profound narratives have left an enduring mark on readers worldwide.

Gilbert Foliot, a medieval English monk and prelate, held important positions within the church hierarchy, such as Abbot of Gloucester, Bishop of Hereford, and Bishop of London. He was renowned for acquiring land for his abbey, engaging in disputes with the Archbishops of York, and supporting Empress Matilda's claim to the throne. Despite disagreements with Archbishop Thomas Becket, he fulfilled roles as a royal judge, envoy, and administrator, actively participating in ecclesiastical and diplomatic matters.

Charles Lewis Tiffany was a pioneering American businessman and jeweler known for founding the iconic Tiffany & Co. in New York City in 1837. Renowned for his jewelry expertise, he introduced the country's first retail catalog and established the English standard of sterling silver in imported jewelry in 1851. His innovative approach to jewelry design and business practices solidified his legacy as a trailblazer in the industry, shaping the standards for luxury and craftsmanship that continue to define Tiffany & Co. today.

Colmán of Lindisfarne, also known as Saint Colmán, served as Bishop of Lindisfarne from 661 to 664. During his tenure, he was known for his piety and dedication to his role as a religious leader. Colmán played a significant role in promoting the Christian faith in the region and worked tirelessly to spread the teachings of the Church. He was respected for his wisdom and guidance, and his leadership had a lasting impact on the religious community of Lindisfarne.

Leopoldo Lugones was a versatile professional renowned for his wide-ranging contributions to poetry, essay writing, novel writing, playwriting, history, teaching, translation, biography, philology, theology, diplomacy, politics, and journalism. He made a significant impact on Spanish-language modern poetry and was a pioneering figure in fantastic and science fiction literature in Argentina. His diverse talents and literary accomplishments established him as a prominent figure in the cultural and intellectual sphere of his era.

Kevin Ayers was an influential English singer-songwriter known for his contributions to the English psychedelic music movement. As a founding member of the band Soft Machine, he played a key role in the development of the Canterbury scene. Throughout his career, Ayers collaborated with notable musicians such as Brian Eno, Syd Barrett, and John Cale, among others. He released a series of albums as a solo artist and was praised by rock journalist Nick Kent as one of the most important figures in British pop music history.

Bill Cowsill was a talented American singer, musician, songwriter, and record producer. He gained recognition as the lead singer and guitarist of The Cowsills, a band that achieved success with three top-10 singles in the late 1960s. Transitioning to a successful alt-country artist and producer in Canada from the mid-1970s onwards, Cowsill continued to impress audiences with his musical prowess. Throughout his career, he showcased his versatility and passion for creating music that resonated with listeners across different genres and eras.

Sarah Porter was an American educator who founded Miss Porter's School, a renowned private college preparatory school for girls. She was dedicated to providing a comprehensive curriculum that included both sciences and humanities, attracting daughters of the affluent to the school. Porter emphasized academic excellence and physical exercise for her students. While she did not support women's suffrage, she advocated for other legal reforms benefiting women, such as changes in divorce and property laws. Notable individuals who attended Miss Porter's School include Alice Hamilton, Edith Hamilton, and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.

Gustave Charpentier was a prominent French composer celebrated for his opera Louise. His professional life was marked by numerous achievements in the world of music, particularly in the realm of opera composition. Charpentier's opera Louise gained widespread recognition for its innovative and expressive qualities, solidifying his reputation as a talented composer. His works showcased a unique blend of creativity and emotion, earning him a distinguished place in the history of French music and solidifying his legacy as a revered composer.

Eugenio Beltrami, an Italian mathematician, made significant contributions to differential geometry and mathematical physics. His work was celebrated for its clarity and exposition. Beltrami was the pioneer in establishing the consistency of non-Euclidean geometry through the creation of models like the pseudosphere and the Beltrami-Klein model. Additionally, he introduced the singular value decomposition for matrices. His application of differential calculus in mathematical physics had an indirect influence on the development of tensor calculus by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and Tullio Levi-Civita.

Robert Ranulph Marett was a notable anthropologist renowned for his innovative work in retheorizing the history of religion. He held a position as a Reader in Anthropology at Oxford University, where he founded a Department of Social Anthropology and conducted important research at archaeological sites. Marett's analysis of the history of religion, as presented in his influential works, laid the groundwork for subsequent studies in the field. His academic contributions and impact on the study of anthropology are widely acknowledged and esteemed within the academic sphere.

Clyde Stubblefield was an American drummer renowned for his work with James Brown from 1965 to 1970, where his innovative and syncopated drum patterns became defining elements of funk music. His break in the 1970 track "Funky Drummer" became one of the most sampled drum performances in hip hop. A self-taught musician, Stubblefield drew inspiration from industrial rhythms. He played with various musicians before settling in Madison, Wisconsin, where he became a prominent figure in the local music scene and received recognition as one of the greatest drummers of all time.

Josef Meinrad was a renowned Austrian actor celebrated for his remarkable impact on German-speaking theatre. He was honored with the prestigious Iffland-Ring in 1959, signifying his esteemed position as a highly respected and talented actor until his passing in 1996. Meinrad's exceptional abilities and dedication were widely recognized, earning him admiration from both colleagues and audiences. His enduring legacy serves as an inspiration for aspiring actors and theater enthusiasts.

Wang Fuzhi was a prominent figure in Chinese intellectual history during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, known for his significant contributions as an essayist, historian, and philosopher. His works covered various topics such as politics, ethics, and metaphysics, with a focus on promoting Confucian ideals and principles, advocating for social reform, and cultural preservation. Wang Fuzhi's writings are still studied and revered for their profound thoughts and influence on Chinese philosophy.

Rafael Reyes Prieto was a prominent Colombian politician and soldier, recognized for his leadership as Chief of Staff of the Colombian National Army and later as President of Colombia from 1904 to 1909. He made notable contributions to Colombian politics by introducing reforms that aimed to modernize the country. Reyes' strong leadership and military experience influenced his policies and decision-making throughout his presidency.

Dave Rudabaugh was a cowboy, outlaw, and gunfighter in the American Old West. Known as "Dirty Dave" by modern writers, he gained notoriety for his alleged aversion to water. Despite the nickname, there is no evidence that he was actually referred to as such during his lifetime. Rudabaugh was involved in various criminal activities, including cattle rustling and robberies. He became a prominent figure in the Wild West, attracting attention for his daring escapades and run-ins with the law.

Charles Henry Davis was a self-educated American astronomer and rear admiral in the United States Navy. During his career, he conducted research on tides and currents while working for the United States Coast Survey. Davis also played a significant role in the American Civil War, commanding the Western Gunboat Flotilla and achieving victories in battles such as the First Battle of Memphis. He was instrumental in capturing enemy supplies on expeditions and was a founder of the National Academy of Sciences. Davis authored several scientific books during his lifetime.

Abdul Rashid Khan was a highly esteemed Indian vocalist in the field of Hindustani music. He was known for his mastery in khayal, dhrupad, dhamar, and thumri, captivating audiences with his soulful performances and diverse musical talents. His significant contributions to the music industry were widely acknowledged, leading to him receiving a prestigious Padma award. Abdul Rashid Khan's career was characterized by his unwavering dedication, exceptional skill, and profound love for Hindustani music.

Giuseppe "Beppe" Fenoglio was an Italian writer, partisan, and translator renowned for his literary focus on the rural Langhe region and the Italian resistance movement. During World War II, Fenoglio served as a partisan after being drafted in 1943. His writing encompassed both chronicles and epics, with notable works such as "La paga del sabato" and "Il partigiano Johnny." He passed away at the age of 40 in Turin.

Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem was a highly esteemed Dutch Golden Age painter known for his pastoral landscapes, mythological scenes, and genre pieces. As a member of the "Dutch Italianate landscape" painters, he drew inspiration from Italy, creating idealized rural scenes with hills, mountains, and trees in golden light. Berchem's immense body of work, including paintings, etchings, and drawings, was in high demand during his lifetime. He collaborated with other notable artists to enhance their works with his inspired human and animal figures.

Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres, a Spanish lawyer and politician, held key positions during the Second Spanish Republic. He served as the Republic's first prime minister briefly before assuming the presidency from 1931 to 1936. Alcalá-Zamora was known for his dedication to democratic values and constitutional rule. As president, he worked to address social issues and manage political challenges, striving to uphold stability during a period of heightened tensions.

Claude Criquielion, a Belgian professional road cyclist from 1979 to 1990, experienced success by winning the world road race championship in 1984. He performed well in the Tour de France, achieving five top-ten finishes. Following a controversial incident during the 1988 world road race championship, he remained involved in cycling as a director sportif and team manager. Criquielion's career came under scrutiny when he tested positive for drugs in 1985, leading to backlash but no consequences.

J. Max Bond Jr. was a pioneering American architect known for his significant contributions to the field. His interest in architecture was sparked by diverse experiences, leading to his unique design approach. Bond's work was characterized by a blend of influences, including African construction styles. He became one of the few nationally prominent African-American architects, leaving a lasting impact on the architectural landscape. Bond's professional legacy is defined by innovation, creativity, and a commitment to diversity in design.

Sophie von La Roche was a pioneering German novelist, recognized as the first financially independent female professional writer in Germany. Her professional life was marked by a commitment to her craft and a dedication to breaking gender barriers in the literary world. Through her novels, she offered unique insights into society and relationships, earning her a reputation as a talented and influential author. La Roche's contributions to literature continue to be celebrated for their innovation and significance in shaping the landscape of German literary culture.

Leopold Godowsky Jr. was an accomplished American violinist and chemist known for his role in developing Kodachrome, the first successful color transparency film. His innovative work revolutionized color photography, making Kodachrome a widely respected medium for capturing vibrant and accurate colors. In addition to his contributions to the photography industry, Godowsky's expertise as a violinist showcased his talent and passion for music, establishing him as a multifaceted and accomplished professional in art and science.

Alain Robbe-Grillet was a prominent French writer and filmmaker associated with the Nouveau Roman movement of the 1960s. Alongside other notable figures like Nathalie Sarraute, Michel Butor, and Claude Simon, he played a significant role in shaping the literary landscape of his time. His contributions to literature led to his prestigious membership in the Académie française in 2004. Robbe-Grillet's innovative storytelling and narrative techniques continue to influence contemporary literature and film.

Mya Than Tint was a renowned Burmese writer and translator, lauded for his significant influence on Burmese literature. He was a five-time recipient of the Myanmar National Literature Award, highlighting his remarkable skills and dedication. His original and translated works have made a lasting impression on Myanmar's literary scene, reflecting his passion for storytelling and commitment to preserving the country's cultural heritage through literature.

George Draper Dayton was an American businessman known for founding Dayton's department store, now known as Target Corporation. He started his career as a banker and later ventured into retail, acquiring a series of department stores. In 1902, he opened Dayton's department store in Minneapolis, which grew into a successful retail chain. His business acumen and customer-centric approach led to the store's expansion and eventual transformation into the widely recognized Target Corporation, a leading retail chain in the United States.

Stojan Novaković was a notable Serbian figure recognized for his diverse career encompassing politics, history, diplomacy, writing, and literary critique. He notably served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbia, held various ministerial roles, and was at the helm of the Progressive Party. Novaković excelled as a diplomat, representing Serbia in major European capitals. His contributions as an intellectual extended to involvement in esteemed academic and literary institutions, including the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Novaković is celebrated as a trailblazer in Serbian historiography and a key figure in shaping the contemporary Serbian intellectual and political realms.

Mavis Gallant, a Canadian writer, gained renown for her extensive career predominantly set in France. She excelled as a notable short story writer and demonstrated her skills across novels, plays, and essays. Gallant was celebrated for her poignant and insightful storytelling, earning widespread critical praise. Her dedication to the art of writing and her distinctive take on diverse themes secured her status as a prominent literary figure on both the Canadian and international stage.

Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr. was an accomplished American journalist and author who co-authored bestselling autobiographical books with his sister Ernestine. Their works, including Cheaper by the Dozen and Belles on Their Toes, were adapted into successful films. Apart from collaborating with his sister, Gilbreth wrote several books under his own name, such as Time Out for Happiness and Ancestors of the Dozen. He also maintained a long-running newspaper column, showcasing his talent and passion for writing throughout his professional career.

James J. Corbett was an American professional boxer known for defeating John L. Sullivan to become the World Heavyweight Champion. With a career spanning 20 bouts, he faced top competition and introduced a scientific approach to boxing based on technique and innovative methods. Corbett popularized daily training routines in boxing and was a pioneer in showmanship inside and outside the ring. He also ventured into acting, establishing himself as a well-rounded figure in sports and entertainment during a time when prizefighting faced legal challenges.

Viscera, also known as Mabel, King Mabel, Vis, and Big Daddy V, was a prominent professional wrestler who achieved success in the World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment during the 1990s and 2000s. He held titles such as the WWF World Tag Team Champion and WWF Hardcore Champion, as well as winning the 1995 King of the Ring tournament. Viscera was known for his imposing presence and unique in-ring style, which made him a memorable figure in the world of professional wrestling.

Yakov Rostovtsev was a notable Russian political leader and diplomat active during the early 20th century. He was recognized for his role in shaping political and diplomatic affairs in Russia. Rostovtsev’s contributions included participation in key negotiations and policy-making processes, influencing the political landscape of his time. His leadership and diplomatic efforts were significant in navigating Russia’s complex political environment, reflecting his impact on both domestic and international political arenas during his career.

Robert Rossen was a prominent American screenwriter, film director, and producer known for his successful career spanning almost three decades. He gained recognition for directing acclaimed films such as "All the King's Men" in 1949, which won an Oscar, and "The Hustler" in 1961. Rossen initially worked in New York before transitioning to Hollywood in 1937, where he collaborated as a screenwriter for Warner Bros. before establishing his own production companies. His association with the American Communist Party resulted in conflicts with the House Un-American Activities Committee and his subsequent blacklisting in Hollywood.

Otto Ferdinand von Abensperg und Traun was an Austrian Generalfeldmarschall known for his distinguished military career. He served with valor and strategic acumen, earning a reputation as a skilled leader on the battlefield. His leadership played a crucial role in numerous military campaigns, shaping the course of history in the region. Otto Ferdinand von Abensperg und Traun's tactical prowess and dedication to duty garnered him respect and admiration among his peers and soldiers alike, leaving a lasting legacy in Austrian military history.

Jean Rouch was a pioneering French filmmaker and anthropologist who made significant contributions to the development of cinéma vérité. Over his more than six-decade career in Africa, Rouch embraced a collaborative approach to anthropology in his filmmaking. He blurred the boundaries between fiction and documentary to create the innovative style of ethnofiction. Influenced by surrealism and embraced by the French New Wave filmmakers, Rouch's work earned him recognition as a key figure in exploring cultural diversity and human experiences through film.

Ashraf Sinclair made a name for himself as a prominent Malaysian actor, especially known for his role as Eddy in the 2005 movie Gol & Gincu. His versatile acting skills and talent were evident in the diverse roles he portrayed, making a significant mark in the entertainment industry. Audiences were captivated by his performances, which received high praise from critics and solidified his position as a respected figure in Malaysian acting. Ashraf's commitment to his art and his skill in breathing life into characters played a key role in his successful and memorable career.

Otfried Preußler was a prolific German children's book author whose works have been enjoyed by millions worldwide. He is best known for iconic works such as The Robber Hotzenplotz and The Satanic Mill (Krabat). Preußler's books have been translated into 55 languages, highlighting his global appeal. With over 50 million copies sold, his storytelling prowess and imaginative narratives have captivated readers of all ages. Preußler's professional legacy is marked by his significant contributions to children's literature and his enduring popularity across cultures.

Yūko Tsushima, a highly acclaimed Japanese fiction writer, essayist, and critic, received prestigious literary awards such as the Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature, the Noma Literary New Face Prize, the Noma Literary Prize, the Yomiuri Prize, and the Tanizaki Prize. Her works have been translated into multiple languages, establishing her as a significant writer with international impact.

Günter Blobel was a distinguished biologist recognized for his pioneering research on protein transport mechanisms inside cells. His groundbreaking discovery of intrinsic signals that regulate the positioning and mobility of proteins transformed the comprehension of cellular functions. Blobel's remarkable work led to him being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1999 and played a key role in advancing the field of molecular biology. His substantial contributions to the scientific realm have left a lasting impression on the study of cellular biology and protein trafficking.

Louis, Duke of Burgundy, served as the official Dauphin of France after his father's passing in 1711. Despite his short-lived reign, he was expected to succeed his grandfather, Louis XIV, as king. Unfortunately, he passed away in 1712 before he could ascend to the throne. His untimely death led to his son, Louis XV, becoming the next King of France upon Louis XIV's death in 1715. Louis, Duke of Burgundy, played a significant role in the succession of the French monarchy during this period.

Dermot Kelly was an Irish actor known for his comic roles in films and on TV. He gained popularity as a recurring tramp character on The Arthur Haynes Show in the early 1960s. Prior to his TV success, he performed on stage with Dublin's Abbey Theatre. Kelly was part of the original stage and film productions of Brendan Behan's The Quare Fellow in 1954 and 1962. Throughout his career, he showcased his talent for comedy and acting in various mediums, leaving a lasting impact on the entertainment industry.

Alessandro Mendini was a prominent Italian designer and architect recognized for his significant influence on Italian, Postmodern, and Radical design movements. His extensive portfolio included graphics, furniture, interiors, paintings, and architecture, along with writings in articles and books. Mendini's design approach emphasized the fusion of diverse cultures and forms of expression, reintroducing human values and sensibilities into contemporary design. He partnered with well-known companies and made a lasting mark on the design industry with iconic creations such as the Proust Armchair and the Groninger Museum.

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, was a prominent figure in the Wars of the Roses, aligning with both the House of Lancaster and the Yorkists. He was a key player in the power struggle within the Plantagenet family. Despite his Yorkist affiliation, he was found guilty of treason against his brother Edward IV and met his end through execution by drowning in malmsey wine. His story has been immortalized in William Shakespeare's plays.

Philippe Forquet, vicomte de Dorne, was a distinguished French actor known for his remarkable contributions to the world of entertainment. With a career spanning several decades, he graced the stage and screen with his talent, captivating audiences with his compelling performances. His versatility and charisma allowed him to portray a wide range of characters, showcasing his skill and dedication to his craft. Philippe Forquet's legacy in the entertainment industry remains enduring, leaving a lasting impact on all who had the pleasure of experiencing his work.

Prince Sanjō Sanetomi was a notable figure in the Meiji Restoration era in Japan. His contributions to the government and leadership abilities were evident through his various high-ranking positions. He played a significant role in molding the new government and spearheading reforms to modernize Japan. Sanjō's unwavering dedication to public service and commitment to the country's advancement earned him a revered status as a respected statesman within the Japanese Imperial court.

Angela Raiola, famously known as "Big Ang," was a beloved American reality television star who rose to fame from her roles on several reality TV programs. She captured the audience's attention with her appearances on the VH1 series Mob Wives and her own spin-off show, Big Ang. She also made an impact on viewers through her involvement in the series Miami Monkey. Big Ang was recognized for her vibrant personality and luxurious way of life. Sadly, she passed away at the age of 55 after battling complications from lung cancer and pneumonia.

Balthus, also known as Balthasar Klossowski de Rola, was a Polish-French modern artist renowned for his provocative depictions of pubescent girls and the dreamlike quality of his art. Throughout his career, he challenged traditional art norms, emphasizing the importance of experiencing his paintings rather than analyzing them. Towards the end of his life, he engaged in dialogues with neurobiologist Semir Zeki, sharing insights on art, painting, and other artists. This exchange was captured in the publication "La Qûete de l'essentiel," offering a glimpse into Balthus's unique perspectives on artistic expression.

Mildred Burke was a pioneering American professional wrestler who rose to prominence in the mid-1930s and dominated the industry until the mid-1950s. Known for her exceptional skill and endurance, Burke held the NWA World Women's Champion title for nearly two decades. She began her career wrestling men at carnivals, later managed by her second husband, promoter Billy Wolfe. Burke's remarkable achievements in the ring earned her a place in several prestigious halls of fame, recognizing her significant contributions to the world of professional wrestling.

Joseph-Armand Bombardier was a Canadian inventor and businessman who founded Bombardier. He is famous for inventing the snowmobile, which transformed winter transportation. His creativity and entrepreneurial spirit paved the way for Bombardier Inc., a successful global transportation company that remains strong today. Bombardier's pioneering work in the automotive industry has had a lasting influence, demonstrating his inventive thinking and foresight in creating new solutions for demanding environments.

Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt, served as the last ruler of the Duchy of Anhalt until its abolition in 1918. He later pursued various professional endeavors, including involvement in agriculture and forestry. Despite the dissolution of his title, Joachim Ernst remained active in public life and continued to advocate for the interests of the people of Anhalt. His dedication to his former duchy and its inhabitants was evident throughout his professional life, showcasing his commitment to service and leadership.

Raymond Moley was an American political economist known for his involvement in the New Deal. Initially a key supporter of the New Deal policies during the Great Depression, he later became a vocal critic of the program. Moley played a significant role in shaping economic policies and was instrumental in advising President Franklin D. Roosevelt. His career was marked by his evolving views on government intervention in the economy, transitioning from a proponent to a detractor of New Deal initiatives.

Harald Szeemann, a Swiss curator, artist, and art historian, curated over 200 groundbreaking exhibitions, redefining the role of an art curator and elevating curating to a legitimate art form. His innovative approach and influential work have had a lasting impact on the art world, making significant contributions to the field of curating and pushing boundaries in exhibition design and curation practices.

Isser Harel was a key figure in Israeli intelligence and security services, serving as the Director of the Mossad from 1952 to 1963. He played a vital role in overseeing crucial operations, including the capture and covert transportation of Adolf Eichmann to Israel. Harel's leadership and strategic skills significantly influenced Israeli intelligence operations, establishing him as a talented spymaster. His contributions to national security and counterterrorism efforts have had a lasting impact on Israel's intelligence community.

Andrey Myagkov was a renowned Soviet and Russian actor, theater director, and writer who made significant contributions to the world of stage and film. He achieved widespread acclaim for his memorable performances in classic films such as "The Irony of Fate," "Office Romance," "The Garage," and "A Cruel Romance," all directed by Eldar Ryazanov. Myagkov's talent, versatility, and commitment to his art solidified his status as a respected figure in the entertainment industry, with a lasting influence on audiences and peers.

George Tupou I, also known as Tāufaʻāhau I, was the first king of modern Tonga. He played a crucial role in uniting the Tongan islands under his rule and establishing a stable government. George Tupou I implemented various reforms to modernize the country and improve its infrastructure. He was a strategic leader who navigated Tonga through challenging times and maintained diplomatic relations with other nations. His reign was characterized by efforts to strengthen Tonga's position in the region and ensure its sovereignty.

Bernard Piven was a prominent American actor, director, and co-founder of the Playwrights Theatre Club, which later evolved into The Second City comedy enterprise. With a career spanning several decades, Piven made significant contributions to the world of theater and comedy. He played a key role in shaping the comedic landscape through his work with The Second City, influencing generations of performers and contributing to the development of improvisational comedy as a respected art form.

Eugene Fodor was a Hungarian-American writer who revolutionized travel literature by creating a new kind of guide to Europe. Dissatisfied with existing guides, he authored an entertaining and informative guide that later became available as an e-book. Fodor's diverse experiences and perspectives, shaped by his background in political economics and his service in World War II, including time in the Office of Strategic Services in Europe, influenced his work. In 1949, he founded Fodor's in Paris, which led to the creation of a successful travel guide series that continues to thrive today, solidifying his legacy in the travel industry.

Erland Kops excelled as a badminton player from Denmark, known for his outstanding abilities in both singles and doubles matches. His career, which spanned from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, was marked by a series of significant victories in major international competitions. Renowned for his strategic approach, agility, and consistent top-level performances, Kops was widely regarded as one of the premier badminton players of his era.

Francisco Giner de los Ríos was a renowned Spanish philosopher and educator who left a lasting impact on Spanish intellectual thought during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He established the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, an educational institution that prioritized academic freedom and innovative teaching techniques. Giner de los Ríos was a strong advocate for educational reform and the promotion of critical thinking, significantly influencing the educational framework in Spain. His contributions continue to serve as a source of inspiration for contemporary educational practices and philosophical dialogues.

Count Gyula Andrássy was a Hungarian statesman who held the positions of Prime Minister of Hungary and later Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary. He was recognized for his conservative ideologies and foreign strategies aimed at enlarging the Empire into Southeast Europe with backing from Britain and Germany, all the while upholding ties with Turkey. Andrássy regarded Russia as a significant foe due to its expansionist inclinations and was cautious of Slavic nationalist movements, perceiving them as a challenge to the empire's diverse ethnic makeup.

Angilbert, Count of Ponthieu, was a noble Frankish poet who was educated under Alcuin. He served Charlemagne as a secretary and diplomat, playing a crucial role in the Carolingian court by handling administrative tasks and representing the king in diplomatic affairs. His professional life was marked by significant contributions to the court and his enduring legacy as a respected figure in Frankish society.

George Thomson, a prominent Scottish music publisher, was known for his collaborations with renowned poets and composers. Over six decades, he served as a clerk to the board of trustees in Edinburgh. Thomson's noteworthy publication, A Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs for the Voice, consisted of six volumes released between 1793 and 1841. This collection included works from esteemed individuals like Robert Burns, Lord Byron, and Ludwig van Beethoven. He also worked with various composers to arrange folk songs, highlighting his influential position in the music industry.