Famous Deaths on May 17

Donna Summer, known as the "Queen of Disco," became famous during the disco era of the 1970s. Initially a lead singer in a psychedelic rock band, she transitioned to working with music producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte to produce influential disco tracks. Summer had 32 singles on the US Billboard Hot 100, with several reaching number one. She played a key role in shaping electronic dance music and left a significant mark on the music industry's history.

Sandro Botticelli, an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance, experienced a decline in reputation after his death. However, in the late 19th century, the Pre-Raphaelites rediscovered and reevaluated his work, leading to a resurgence in his popularity. Known for his mythological, religious subjects, and portraits, Botticelli's most famous works include The Birth of Venus and Primavera. He primarily worked in Florence but also had projects in Pisa and Rome. His artistic style evolved over time, with a return to a more Gothic or "archaic" approach in his later works.

Tony Randall was an accomplished American actor known for his portrayal of Felix Unger in the television adaptation of Neil Simon's play, The Odd Couple. Throughout his six-decade career, he garnered recognition with six Golden Globe Award nominations and six Primetime Emmy Award nominations, ultimately winning one Emmy. His contributions to the entertainment industry were marked by his versatility and talent, making him a respected figure in both television and theater. Tony Randall's legacy as a skilled actor continues to be remembered and celebrated.

John Jay was a well-known American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father. He held the position of the initial Chief Justice of the United States and subsequently served as the second governor of New York. Jay significantly influenced U.S. foreign policy in the late 18th century, notably during the American Revolution and the early days of the nation. He championed a centralized government, contributed to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and collaborated on The Federalist Papers.

Lawrence Welk was an American accordionist, bandleader, and television host. He is best known for hosting The Lawrence Welk Show for over three decades. Welk's musical style, dubbed "champagne music," captivated audiences on radio, television, and live performances. He achieved widespread popularity and success through his charming demeanor and unique musical talents. Welk's show became a beloved staple in American entertainment, showcasing his passion for music and his ability to connect with audiences of all ages.

Frank Gorshin was an American actor, comedian, and impressionist known for his versatile talents. He made numerous guest appearances on popular television variety and talk shows, showcasing his comedic skills. Gorshin gained widespread recognition for his portrayal of the iconic character the Riddler on the live-action television series Batman, a role that earned him critical acclaim and an Emmy Award nomination. His career was marked by a range of performances that highlighted his comedic timing and ability to captivate audiences with his impressions and acting prowess.

Harmon Killebrew, known as "the Killer" and "Hammerin' Harmon," was a prolific power hitter in Major League Baseball, primarily with the Minnesota Twins. He ranked among the top home run hitters of his time, finishing his career with impressive statistics. Killebrew led the league in home runs and RBIs multiple times and was a 13-time All-Star. He excelled in the 1960s, hitting over 40 home runs in a season eight times. Post-retirement, he transitioned to broadcasting and coaching roles within baseball.

John Deere was a notable American known for his significant contributions to agriculture and business. He founded Deere & Company, a well-known manufacturer of agricultural and construction equipment. Deere's pioneering work resulted in the creation of the first successful steel plow in 1837, which transformed farming methods. His innovations and business skills helped his company become a prominent global industry leader. John Deere's legacy continues to have a lasting impact on the agricultural sector.

John C. Breckinridge was an American lawyer, politician, and soldier who served as the 14th vice president of the United States from 1857 to 1861. He represented Kentucky in Congress and ran for president in 1860 as a Southern Democrat. During the Civil War, he joined the Confederate Army and was appointed Confederate Secretary of War in 1865. Breckinridge was recognized for his states' rights stance, support for slavery, and military leadership during the conflict.

Shad Gaspard was an American professional wrestler and actor best known for his time with WWE. He signed with WWE in 2003 and was a two-time OVW Southern Tag Team Champion with JTG as part of Cryme Tyme. After being promoted to WWE's main roster in 2006, he pursued an acting career appearing in films and television shows. Gaspard also co-created a graphic novel and provided motion capture for video games. Tragically, he drowned while trying to save his son in 2020 and was posthumously awarded the Warrior Award at the WWE Hall of Fame ceremony in 2022.

Paul Dukas, a French composer, critic, scholar, and teacher, was known for his self-critical nature and selective approach to his compositions. His most famous work, "The Sorcerer's Apprentice," gained widespread recognition through its inclusion in the Disney film "Fantasia." Dukas was respected by both conservative and progressive factions in the French music scene, drawing inspiration from various composers. Alongside his composing career, he was a prolific music critic and later became a professor at prestigious music institutions, mentoring notable composers like Maurice Duruflé and Olivier Messiaen.

Guy Clark was a celebrated American folk and country singer-songwriter with a career that included over 20 albums. He was known for his exceptional songwriting and talent as a luthier, earning admiration from fellow musicians who often covered his songs. Clark's influence reached a diverse array of performers such as Jerry Jeff Walker, Emmylou Harris, Willie Nelson, and Johnny Cash. He solidified his impact on the music industry by winning the 2014 Grammy Award for Best Folk Album with "My Favorite Picture of You."

Mario Benedetti Farrugia was a distinguished Uruguayan journalist, novelist, and poet acclaimed for his remarkable impact on literature. He played a pivotal role in the Generación del 45 literary movement and gained global recognition with more than 80 published books translated into twenty languages. While his influence was prominent in the Spanish-speaking world, Benedetti remains relatively less known in English-speaking areas. Nonetheless, his extensive body of work established him as one of Latin America's foremost writers in the latter part of the 20th century.

Dorothy "Kammie" Kamenshek was a prominent American All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player known for her exceptional left-handed batting and throwing skills. She gained recognition for her talent and dedication to the sport, becoming a celebrated figure in women's baseball history. Kamenshek's professional career was marked by numerous accomplishments and contributions to the league, inspiring future generations of female athletes. Her impact on the game extended beyond her playing days, leaving a lasting legacy in the world of baseball.

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord was a French clergyman who later became a prominent statesman and diplomat recognized for his astute diplomacy. Throughout his career, he adeptly managed changing alliances and conflicts to maintain peace and enhance France's position. He was instrumental in brokering significant treaties with Austria and Britain and in thwarting Napoleon's ambitions through covert negotiations with rival nations. Talleyrand's enduring influence and polarizing reputation continue to spark debate over his impact on European history.

Bruce Fairbairn was a renowned Canadian record producer known for his work from 1976 to 1999. He achieved acclaim for producing hit albums by artists such as Bon Jovi, Aerosmith, AC/DC, and Van Halen. Fairbairn started his career as a trumpet player before transitioning to production with the Canadian band Prism. He won the Juno Award for Producer of the Year three times and left a lasting impact on rock music with his incorporation of dynamic horn arrangements.

Herman Wouk was a prolific American author known for his historical fiction novels, including the Pulitzer Prize-winning "The Caine Mutiny." His works often focused on significant events such as World War II. Wouk also wrote non-fiction books, offering insights into Judaism from a Modern Orthodox perspective. His literary contributions spanned across 15 novels, translated into 27 languages. Receiving accolades for his storytelling, Wouk was hailed as the "reclusive dean of American historical novelists" and compared to an "American Tolstoy" by esteemed professionals in the field.

Milena Jesenska was a respected Czech writer, editor, journalist, and translator known for her significant contributions to the literary world. She gained acclaim for her outstanding translations of Franz Kafka's works from German to Czech, highlighting her linguistic skills and profound literary insight. Jesenska's career also involved impactful journalism, where she fearlessly covered social and political topics of her era. Her brave efforts in aiding Jewish and political refugees during the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia further established her reputation as a compassionate and courageous humanitarian.

Gunnar Myrdal, a prominent Swedish economist and sociologist, was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1974 alongside Friedrich Hayek. Known for his groundbreaking work in the theory of money, economic fluctuations, and the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena, Myrdal's contributions were highly regarded. His influential research on race relations in the United States, notably presented in his book "An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy," significantly impacted discussions on civil rights and equality. In Sweden, Myrdal's work and political influence were pivotal in the establishment of the Folkhemmet and the welfare state.

Prince Marko, also known as King Marko, was a Serbian ruler who governed western Macedonia. Despite facing opposition from Serbian nobles, he managed to become king after his father's passing. Marko later became an Ottoman vassal, ruling over a limited territory. He supported the building of the Monastery of Saint Demetrius and died in combat against the Wallachians. Marko is revered as a national hero in South Slavic folklore for his courage and defense of the vulnerable under Ottoman rule.

Guido von List was an Austrian occultist, journalist, playwright, and novelist known for founding the modern Pagan new religious movement called Wotanism. He promoted the revival of the ancient German race's religion, blending Ariosophical teachings into his ideology known as Armanism. List played a significant role in nationalist publications, focusing on völkisch culture and traditions. His interest in occultism deepened during a period of blindness, leading to the establishment of the List Society and the High Armanen Order. List envisioned a new Pan-German Empire but passed away in 1919.

Cass Gilbert, an American architect, was renowned for championing skyscrapers and creating iconic buildings like the Woolworth Building and the United States Supreme Court building. His portfolio includes numerous state capitols, public buildings, and museums designed in the Beaux Arts style, showcasing American optimism and historical influences. Gilbert's architectural approach emphasized historic traditions and social order, with his designs, such as the Gothic skyscraper style, being highly influential in the early 20th century due to their classic beauty and integrity.

Owen Josephus Roberts was a significant Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1930 to 1945. He was instrumental in supporting the constitutionality of important New Deal laws, such as the state minimum wage legislation. Roberts was recognized for his role as a swing vote on the Hughes Court, frequently determining the result of important cases. He also headed inquiries into the Pearl Harbor attack and valuable cultural works during World War II. Roberts retired in 1945 and subsequently held the position of Dean at the University of Pennsylvania Law School.

Matthew Parker served as the Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England from 1559 until his passing. He was a notable figure in Anglican theology and greatly influenced Anglican doctrine, particularly through his contributions to the Thirty-nine Articles. Parker played a crucial role in asserting the independence of the English Church from Rome, as evidenced by his collection of early English manuscripts. Additionally, his work in Old English literature was foundational to the field of Anglo-Saxon studies.

Olga Samaroff was a celebrated American pianist, music critic, and influential teacher. She trained under renowned musicians like Élie-Miriam Delaborde, and later gained recognition for her exceptional performances and insightful critiques. Samaroff's career was marked by her marriage to the renowned conductor Leopold Stokowski. She played a significant role in the Philadelphia Art Alliance and made a lasting impact on the classical music world through her talents as a performer and educator.

Warda Al-Jazairia, also known as "The Algerian Rose," was a celebrated Algerian singer known for her captivating performances of Egyptian Arabic songs. With a career spanning several decades, Warda became a prominent figure in the music industry, captivating audiences in the Arab world and beyond. Her powerful vocals and emotional delivery resonated with listeners, earning her a dedicated fan base. Warda's legacy endures through her timeless songs and lasting impact on Arabic music.

Gerald Maurice Edelman, an American biologist, is celebrated for his pioneering research in immunology and neuroscience. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1972 for his collaboration with Rodney Robert Porter on the structure of antibody molecules. Edelman's work on the evolution of the immune system was closely linked to his later studies on brain development and the philosophy of mind. His career showcased an exceptional interdisciplinary approach that connected the fields of biology and cognitive science.

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord was a French clergyman who became a prominent statesman and diplomat. He held significant positions in various French governments, particularly as foreign minister, and played a crucial role in diplomatic affairs during the French Revolution, Napoleon's rule, and the Bourbon Restoration. Talleyrand was known for his skillful and sometimes controversial diplomacy, which included secretive dealings with foreign powers and support for the Bourbon Restoration post-Napoleon. His influence on European history continues to be a topic of debate.

José Santos Zelaya López, a Nicaraguan politician, held the presidency of Nicaragua from 1893 to 1909. Known for his liberal ideology and reformist policies, he aimed to modernize the country and strengthen his authority. Zelaya's presidency was cut short by a rebellion led by conservative factions, backed by the United States government. This marked the end of his political tenure, leaving a complex legacy in Nicaraguan history.

Takasugi Shinsaku, a samurai from the Chōshū Domain of Japan, made significant contributions to the Meiji Restoration. He used aliases to hide his actions from the Tokugawa shogunate. Takasugi was instrumental in modernizing the Chōshū military by promoting Western military methods. He played a crucial role in toppling the Tokugawa shogunate and forming the Meiji government. His leadership and forward-thinking greatly influenced Japan's shift towards modernization.

Radomir Putnik was a renowned military leader in Serbia, serving as the first Serbian Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the Serbian army during the Balkan Wars and First World War. He played a vital role in all conflicts Serbia participated in from 1876 to 1917, showcasing remarkable strategic abilities and leadership qualities. Putnik was recognized for his dedication and tactical expertise, committing himself to safeguarding his country and steering its military through difficult times with unwavering resolve.

Abe Burrows was an American humorist, author, and director known for his work in radio and stage productions. He achieved significant recognition in his career, winning a Tony Award for his contributions to the entertainment industry. Burrows was also chosen as a candidate for two Pulitzer Prizes, highlighting his talent and impact in the field. His professional life was marked by a successful and influential presence in the world of humor, literature, and directing, leaving a lasting legacy in the performing arts.

Alexis Claude Clairaut was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist recognized for his pivotal role in validating Sir Isaac Newton's theories. He confirmed Newton's theory on the Earth's figure during an expedition to Lapland and made significant contributions to mathematics and celestial mechanics. Clairaut formulated "Clairaut's theorem" and worked on the gravitational three-body problem, notably advancing our understanding of the apsidal precession of the Moon's orbit. His work also encompasses Clairaut's equation and Clairaut's relation.

E. Franklin Frazier was a distinguished American sociologist and author celebrated for his influential research on African-American culture and race relations. His groundbreaking book, "The Negro Family in the United States," received high praise for its profound examination of the historical evolution of the African-American family. Frazier's remarkable achievements included being the first black president of the American Sociological Association and his role in shaping critical discussions on race-related matters. With a dozen books and numerous articles to his credit, he left a lasting impact on the study of African-American social dynamics and the black middle class.

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, the 11th Panchen Lama, recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama, has been forcibly detained by the Chinese government since 1995. Despite international calls for his release, he has not been seen in public since then. The Chinese government claims he is a college graduate with a stable job, but has not provided evidence. Nyima's professional life remains shrouded in secrecy, as the Chinese government refuses to allow him or his family to meet with observers or be released.

Aleksandr Dargomyzhsky was a prominent 19th-century Russian composer who played a key role in the evolution of Russian opera. He bridged the gap between the earlier generation of Mikhail Glinka and the later group known as The Five, as well as Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Dargomyzhsky's contributions to Russian opera were significant, as he introduced realistic elements and strived for authenticity in his works. His innovative approach to opera composition influenced many subsequent composers and left a lasting impact on the Russian music scene.

David Herbert Donald was a distinguished American historian known for his significant contributions to American history. His renowned biography of Abraham Lincoln established him as a leading expert in the field. With a vast body of work covering political and literary figures in the United States, as well as the history of the American South, Donald's expertise has had a lasting influence. His two Pulitzer Prize-winning biographies underscore his commitment to excellence in historical research and writing.

Frank G. Slaughter was an American novelist and physician who achieved great success in both fields. Using the pen name Frank G. Slaughter and the pseudonym C.V. Terry, he authored numerous bestselling novels that combined his medical expertise with his passion for history and the Bible. Slaughter's books, which sold over 60 million copies, were known for introducing readers to cutting-edge medical research and technologies. His unique blend of medical knowledge and storytelling made him a beloved and influential figure in both the literary and medical worlds.

Paulo Kafeero, also known as Prince Job Paulo Kafeero, was a renowned Ugandan Afro-folk singer recognized for his contributions to the local music genre Kadongo Kamu. He was considered a pioneer in this field and won the prestigious Pearl of Africa Music Awards for his exceptional work as a Kadongo Kamu artist. Kafeero's professional life was marked by his dedication to preserving and promoting Ugandan music traditions through his unique style and impactful performances, leaving a lasting legacy in the music industry.

Daniel Carasso played a pivotal role in the multinational company Danone, contributing significantly to its global expansion and success. His exceptional leadership and business acumen helped solidify Danone's position as a major player in the food and beverage industry. Daniel's strategic decisions and vision left a lasting impact on the business world.

Ladislao Kubala, a Hungarian professional footballer, was widely recognized for his exceptional skills as a forward. Throughout his career, he played for renowned clubs such as Ferencváros, Slovan Bratislava, Barcelona, and Espanyol, establishing himself as one of the greatest players in football history. Kubala was known for his quick dribbling, precise finishing, and expertise in free kicks. His time at Barcelona was particularly successful, where he scored numerous goals and was hailed as the club's standout player during their centenary celebrations. Following his retirement, Kubala ventured into coaching with roles at Barcelona, the Spanish national team, and the Spain under-21 team.

Donald Coggan was a notable figure in the Church of England, serving as the 101st Archbishop of Canterbury from 1974 to 1980. Before this, he held roles as the Bishop of Bradford and the Archbishop of York. Coggan was recognized for his work in uplifting the morale of the Church of England and for his efforts in fostering dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church. He was a strong advocate for women's ordination and promoted inclusivity within the clergy.

Erwin Wilhelm Müller was a prominent German physicist known for his groundbreaking contributions to microscopy. He invented the Field Emission Electron Microscope (FEEM), Field Ion Microscope (FIM), and Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope, revolutionizing the field of atomic-scale imaging. Alongside his student, Kanwar Bahadur, they became the first individuals to experimentally observe atoms, marking a significant milestone in scientific exploration. Müller's innovative work in microscopy paved the way for advancements in materials science and nanotechnology, leaving a lasting impact on the scientific community.

Cathy Rosier was a talented model and actress from Martinique, French West Indies, known for her role as the pianist Valerie in Jean-Pierre Melville's Le Samouraï (1967). In addition to her acting career, she also ventured into music, releasing her own album titled Cathy Banana. Her work in the entertainment industry showcased her versatility and creativity, leaving a lasting impact on audiences. Tragically, she passed away in Marrakech, Morocco, from a ruptured aorta.

Lilli Lehmann was a celebrated German operatic dramatic coloratura soprano recognized for her extraordinary vocal talents and emotive stage presence. In addition to her stellar performances, she was a respected voice instructor, imparting her knowledge to aspiring singers. Lehmann's influence transcended music, as she was a fervent supporter of animal welfare. Her commitment to her craft and advocacy work has had a lasting impact, serving as an inspiration for singers and animal enthusiasts for years to come.

Leopold Auenbrugger, an Austrian physician, is credited with inventing percussion as a diagnostic technique in medicine. This groundbreaking discovery solidified his status as one of the founders of modern medicine. Auenbrugger's innovative approach revolutionized the field of healthcare by enabling doctors to diagnose various conditions through careful examination of the sounds produced by tapping the patient's body. His contributions to the medical world have had a lasting impact on the practice of medicine and continue to be recognized and utilized to this day.

Joseph Hector "Toe" Blake had a distinguished career in the NHL as both a player and coach. As a player, he excelled with the Montreal Maroons and Montreal Canadiens, winning the Stanley Cup three times and earning accolades such as the Hart Trophy. Known for his scoring prowess, he formed part of the famous "Punch line" alongside Elmer Lach and Maurice Richard. Transitioning to coaching, Blake achieved even greater success, leading the Canadiens to multiple Stanley Cup victories and solidifying their reputation as one of the greatest teams in NHL history.

Gladys Olebile Masire was a prominent Botswana teacher and political figure known for her significant role as the First Lady of Botswana from 1980 to 1998. Throughout her career, she dedicated herself to education, fostering the growth and development of students in Botswana. Her commitment to public service extended beyond the classroom as she actively engaged in political matters, advocating for various causes and contributing to the advancement of her country. Masire's legacy is marked by her unwavering dedication to both education and public service.

Charles William had a distinguished military career, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-General in the Dutch army in 1770 and later becoming a general in 1789. He held positions such as colonel of the Walloon regiment and captain of the grenadiers. In 1775, he succeeded his father as Prince of Nassau-Usingen and played a key role in negotiating a treaty of inheritance among various Nassau branches in 1783. He later inherited the principality of Nassau-Saarbrücken and benefited from territorial compensations resulting from treaties and agreements during his reign.

William Jefferson Blythe Jr. was an American salesman specializing in heavy equipment. His professional life revolved around the sales and distribution of heavy machinery, showcasing his expertise and skills in the industry. Known for his dedication and hard work, Blythe built a reputation for himself as a knowledgeable and reliable salesman. His career in the heavy equipment sector was marked by his passion for his work and his commitment to providing quality service to his clients.

Daniel Owino Misiani was a celebrated musician from Kenya, known for leading the Shirati Jazz collective. He was hailed as the "King of History" in Kenya and "the grandfather of benga" in Tanzania, due to his pioneering work in the benga music genre. Throughout his long career, Misiani made a significant mark on the East African music landscape. His influential contributions to music earned him recognition both at home and abroad, establishing him as a prominent figure in the evolution of African music.

Michael Jan de Goeje was a prominent Dutch orientalist known for his scholarship in Arabia and Islam. He dedicated his career to studying and researching various aspects of Arab culture, language, and history, with a particular emphasis on Islamic studies. De Goeje made significant contributions to the field through his extensive writings and publications, which provided valuable insights into the Arab world. His work helped broaden understanding and appreciation of Arab and Islamic traditions among scholars and enthusiasts worldwide.

Mary, Queen of Hungary, ruled twice in the 14th century. She faced opposition from Hungarian noblemen who favored her cousin as heir but eventually ascended to the throne after her father's death. Her reign was turbulent, involving a forced marriage to Sigismund of Luxembourg and a brief abdication before being reinstated. Despite her limited influence on government affairs, Mary met a tragic end along with her unborn child in a fatal horseback riding accident.

The 1st Duke of Lerma, Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, was a trusted advisor to Philip III of Spain, wielding considerable influence during his rule. Lerma's time in power was marked by expensive conflicts, economic mismanagement, and the contentious expulsion of the Moriscos. Despite his early prominence, Lerma fell victim to a palace conspiracy orchestrated by his son and political adversary, resulting in his removal from office in 1618. He later retired as a cardinal, endured financial repercussions, and passed away in 1625.

Francisco de Sá de Miranda was a renowned Portuguese poet of the Renaissance era, credited with introducing Renaissance poetry to Portugal and contributing to the evolution of the Portuguese language. He was a central figure in literary circles, influencing fellow poets and writers with his innovative approach. Sá de Miranda played a crucial role in infusing humanist concepts into Portuguese literature, establishing himself as one of the foremost literary figures of his time.

Josef Beran was a Czech Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Prague from 1946 until his death. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1965. Despite facing persecution by the Nazis during World War II and being imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp, he continued his religious duties upon his release. However, he was later imprisoned and placed under house arrest when the communist regime took over Czechoslovakia. His cause for canonization was opened in 1998, and he was eventually buried in Saint Peter's Basilica before being transferred back to his native homeland for interment in the Saint Vitus Cathedral.

William Robinson was a renowned Irish gardener and journalist recognized for his groundbreaking concepts on wild gardening. His ideas played a significant role in popularizing the English cottage garden and the woodland garden movement. Robinson advocated for the use of hardy perennial plants in mixed herbaceous borders, promoting a more natural and less formal gardening approach. His work revolutionized gardening practices by encouraging the use of native plants, alpine plants in rock gardens, and dense plantings of perennials to achieve natural-looking landscapes, challenging the prevailing high Victorian gardening style.

Johnny Watson is a seasoned professional with over two decades of experience in the finance industry. He has a strong background in investment banking and has held key roles in leading financial institutions. Johnny is known for his strategic thinking, exceptional analytical skills, and ability to navigate complex market conditions. He has a proven track record of successfully managing high-profile deals and building strong client relationships. Johnny is highly respected for his expertise in mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance, and investment strategies.

Moshe Sherer was a prominent American Jewish leader known for his influential role in advocating for Jewish causes and organizations. As the longtime president of Agudath Israel of America, Sherer was instrumental in advancing Jewish education, social services, and advocacy. His leadership and dedication significantly impacted the Jewish community in the United States, strengthening its voice in political and social matters. Sherer's legacy is marked by his commitment to improving Jewish communal life and promoting its interests.

Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, was a distinguished French statesman renowned for his royalist convictions. He played key roles in the Imperial Russian Army during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. After the Bourbon Restoration, he served as Prime Minister of France on two occasions. Richelieu's career was characterized by his unwavering patriotism and his influential positions in military and political circles, leaving a lasting impact on French history.

Catherine I of Russia was Empress consort of Peter the Great before becoming Empress of Russia. From 1725 to 1727, she continued Peter the Great's reforms and modernization efforts, emphasizing military strength, territorial expansion, and economic development. Catherine I also prioritized maintaining stability and unity within the Russian Empire during her rule.

Jorge Rafael Videla was an Argentine military officer and dictator, serving as the 47th President of Argentina and the 1st President of the National Reorganisation Process from 1976 to 1981. His regime was marked by severe human rights violations and economic mismanagement. Thousands of political dissidents were abducted, tortured, and killed in secret concentration camps under his rule. Videla was later convicted of crimes against humanity, particularly for the systematic kidnapping of children. He accepted responsibility for his army's actions and was sentenced to life in prison, passing away in 2013.

Robert Maynard Hutchins was an American educational philosopher known for his influential work in academia. He served as president and chancellor of the University of Chicago, implementing wide-ranging reforms and promoting interdisciplinary programs. Hutchins was instrumental in developing the philosophy of legal realism at Yale Law School, where he also served as dean. His academic reforms at the University of Chicago focused on a novel pedagogical system centered on Great Books, Socratic dialogue, and comprehensive examinations. Later in his career, he focused on studying education at the Ford Foundation and founded the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions.

Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was an English nobleman who had a prominent presence in the royal courts of Henry VII and Henry VIII. He held various positions of influence and was known for his attendance at court events. Despite his noble status, he faced a downfall when he was convicted of treason, leading to his execution in 1521. Edward Stafford's professional life was marked by his involvement in court affairs and his ultimate demise due to his treason conviction.

Béla Balázs, a Hungarian figure, gained renown for his significant contributions to film criticism, aesthetics, writing, and poetry. He was a prominent advocate of formalist film theory, stressing the significance of artistic form and structure in cinema. Balázs played a key role in shaping the perception and value of film as an art form, influencing the evolution of film theory and criticism, and making a lasting impact on the world of cinema.

Mary Everest Boole was a self-taught mathematician acclaimed for her educational writings on mathematics, notably "Philosophy and Fun of Algebra." She promoted inventive teaching techniques, like inspiring children to engage with math through activities like curve stitching. Her book "The Preparation of the Child for Science" showcased her forward-thinking views on education. Boole's career is noteworthy to feminists as it showcases women forging paths in academia despite initial obstacles in a traditionally unwelcoming system.

Randolph Adolphus Turpin, known as Randy Turpin, was a prominent British boxer in the 1940s and 1950s. His career peaked in 1951 when he defeated Sugar Ray Robinson to claim the world middleweight championship. Despite his success in the ring and induction into the International Boxing Hall of Fame, Turpin struggled with financial management. He went from poverty to wealth but ultimately faced financial difficulties, leading to a life marked by poverty and tax troubles.

Yvonne Loriod was a celebrated French pianist, teacher, and composer lauded for her exceptional talent and significant contributions to classical music. She was a prominent figure in the music world, recognized for her interpretations of contemporary works and collaborations with renowned composers. Loriod's career was distinguished by her virtuosic piano performances, innovative compositions, and commitment to educating future musicians. Her legacy as a pioneering artist remains a source of inspiration in the classical music realm.

Marie of Prussia's professional life was primarily shaped by her role as Queen of Bavaria through her marriage to Maximilian II. She played a significant role in Bavarian society, known for her support of the arts and culture. Her influence extended to her children, including Kings Ludwig II and Otto of Bavaria, whom she raised and guided in matters of governance. Marie's legacy includes her contributions to the royal court and her dedication to the welfare and advancement of Bavaria during her reign as queen.

Hugh Cudlipp was a distinguished Welsh journalist and newspaper editor recognized for his significant role at the Daily Mirror in the 1950s and 1960s. He served as chairman at the Mirror Group newspapers from 1963 to 1967 and later chaired the International Publishing Corporation from 1968 to 1973. Cudlipp's career was characterized by his leadership and influence in the media sector, where he shaped the trajectory of various major publications and left a lasting imprint on journalism.

Samuel Clarke, an English philosopher and Anglican cleric, played a significant role in British philosophy between John Locke and George Berkeley. His work included an altered, Nontrinitarian revision of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, which continues to impact modern Unitarian worship. Clarke's professional life was marked by his influential philosophical contributions and theological perspectives, making him a prominent figure in the intellectual landscape of his time.

Prakash Mehra was a renowned Indian film director and producer known for his contributions to Hindi cinema. He was a pioneer of masala films, collaborating with industry stalwarts like Nasir Hussain and Manmohan Desai. His partnership with actor Amitabh Bachchan led to the creation of numerous box office hits and timeless classics. Mehra's work continues to be celebrated for its impact on the industry, showcasing his talent for storytelling and filmmaking that left a lasting impression on audiences and critics alike.

Lydia Estes Pinkham was an American inventor and marketer known for her herbal-alcoholic "women's tonic" aimed at addressing menstrual and menopausal issues. Despite being labeled a quack remedy by medical experts, her product is still sold today in a modified form. Pinkham's aggressive marketing strategies, including dramatizing women's health issues and maintaining personal correspondence with customers, helped elevate the profile of her Vegetable Compound. Her legacy is also immortalized through the bawdy drinking song "Lily the Pink" and its sanitized version that topped the charts in the United Kingdom.

Lucia Moholy was a groundbreaking photographer and publications editor recognized for capturing the essence of the Bauhaus movement through her photography. Her work played a vital role in introducing Bauhaus concepts to audiences in the post-World War II era. Unfortunately, her contributions were often overshadowed, with credit mistakenly given to her husband or Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius. Despite this, Lucia's documentation and advocacy for Bauhaus principles have significantly influenced our understanding and admiration of this important modernist movement.

Alan Earle O'Day was an accomplished American singer-songwriter with a diverse career spanning from the 1970s to the 1990s. He gained fame for his hit song "Undercover Angel" and also wrote successful tracks for artists like Helen Reddy and the Righteous Brothers. Transitioning to television in the 1980s, O'Day contributed to the popular Muppet Babies series and later worked on the National Geographic show Really Wild Animals. His collaboration with Tatsuro Yamashita in Japan produced several well-received songs, showcasing his versatility and talent in the music industry.

Willis Conover, Jr. was a prominent jazz producer and broadcaster known for his influential work at the Voice of America for over four decades. He organized jazz concerts at prestigious venues such as the White House and the Newport Jazz Festival, as well as for various media platforms. Conover played a crucial role in desegregating Washington, D.C. nightclubs by promoting concerts open to all races. Additionally, he played a significant role in preserving interest in jazz across Eastern Europe during the Cold War through his nightly broadcasts.

Jacques-Louis Lions was a distinguished French mathematician known for his significant contributions to the fields of partial differential equations and stochastic control. Throughout his career, he received prestigious awards such as the SIAM's John von Neumann Lecture prize in 1986 and was recognized as an ISI highly cited researcher. Lions' work had a profound impact on the mathematical community, and his expertise in the theory of partial differential equations solidified his reputation as a leading figure in the field of mathematics.

Nigel Balchin was an English psychologist and author best recognized for his novels written in the period surrounding World War II. His works, including Darkness Falls from the Air, The Small Back Room, and Mine Own Executioner, showcased his ability to blend psychological insights with compelling storytelling. Balchin's professional life was marked by a keen understanding of human behavior, which he skillfully incorporated into his literary works to create thought-provoking narratives that resonated with readers during and after the war.

George William Forbes was a New Zealand politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of New Zealand from 1930 to 1935. He started his political career in local government and later entered the House of Representatives in 1908. Forbes became the leader of the United Party in 1928 and led the United–Reform coalition Government, which eventually became the modern National Party. He was known as "Honest George" for his integrity, debating skills, and friendly personality, earning respect and admiration from both colleagues and constituents.

Anna d'Este was a prominent princess at the French court, playing a central role during the French Wars of Religion. Holding prestigious titles through her marriages, she demonstrated political acumen and diplomatic skills, wielding significant power and influence. Her strategic alliances and involvement in political matters shaped her as a prominent figure in the tumultuous political landscape of 16th-century France.

György Klapka was a distinguished Hungarian general celebrated for his leadership during the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848–1849. He demonstrated strategic brilliance and courage in various military campaigns, solidifying his reputation as one of the most significant Hungarian generals of the era. Klapka's military successes were complemented by his political roles, including serving as a member of the Hungarian Parliament and deputy War Minister, reflecting his commitment to both military and political endeavors.

Armin Theophil Wegner was a German soldier and medic in World War I, a prolific author, and a human rights activist. He witnessed the Armenian genocide while stationed in the Ottoman Empire and documented it through photography. Despite personal risk, he opposed the antisemitic policies of the Nazi regime and authored a plea to Adolf Hitler on behalf of German Jews. Persecuted by the Nazis, he fled Germany and lived the rest of his life in Italy. Wegner's anti-genocide efforts were later recognized, including by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations.

Ken Venturi, a skilled American professional golfer and golf broadcaster, won 14 events on the PGA Tour, including the U.S. Open in 1964. His career was cut short by injuries, but his success led to his induction into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2013. Venturi's legacy extends beyond his playing career, as he made notable contributions to the sport as a broadcaster.

Jules Supervielle, a prominent Franco-Uruguayan poet and writer, was known for his distinctive style that departed from surrealism. Despite his opposition to the surrealism movement and automatic writing, he embraced various techniques of modern poetry, which foreshadowed literary movements of the late 1940s. His work influenced renowned authors such as René Char, Henri Michaux, Saint-John Perse, and Francis Ponge, earning him admiration from contemporaries like René-Guy Cadou, Alain Bosquet, Lionel Ray, Claude Roy, Philippe Jaccottet, and Jacques Réda. Supervielle was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times, underscoring his significant contributions to the literary world.

Mary Rosamond Haas was a prominent American linguist renowned for her specialization in North American Indian languages, Thai, and historical linguistics. Her career highlights encompassed leadership roles such as president of the Linguistic Society of America and being appointed a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, along with membership in the National Academy of Sciences. Through her commitment to indigenous languages and extensive linguistic research, Haas left a lasting impact on the field of linguistics.

Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin became a French Crown Princess in 1837 through her marriage to the eldest son of Louis Philippe I. She is recognized for her role as the mother of the future Count of Paris and Duke of Chartres. Her professional life was marked by her involvement in royal and aristocratic circles, and she played a significant part in the lineage of present-day pretenders to various European thrones, including France, Romania, and Italy, as well as the kings of Spain and Belgium.

Felix Basch, a versatile actor, screenwriter, and film director, started his career in Vienna before transitioning to producing and directing for the German film production company U.F.A. Due to the Nazi regime in Germany, Basch was compelled to leave the film industry and seek sanctuary in the United States. In the U.S., he featured in many films, demonstrating his skills in various character roles. Basch's notable contributions to the entertainment industry made a lasting impression on audiences.

Peter Boardman was a renowned English mountaineer and author known for his daring expeditions to the Himalayas. He is remembered for his successful collaborations with Joe Tasker on various expeditions and for his contributions to mountain literature. Tragically, both Boardman and Tasker passed away on the North East Ridge of Mount Everest in 1982. In their memory, the Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature was created to celebrate exceptional achievements in mountain-related literature.

Wilson Braga was a well-known figure in Brazilian politics, law, and business. He held multiple political positions and made significant contributions to the state of Paraíba. As a dedicated and skilled lawyer, he earned respect for his legal expertise. In the business sector, he demonstrated his versatility and business acumen through entrepreneurial activities. Wilson Braga's professional life was characterized by a commitment to public service, legal advocacy, and economic development in his region.

Otto Wille Kuusinen was a Finnish-born Soviet communist and politician who played a significant role in the Finnish Democratic Republic and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR. He made notable contributions to Soviet politics, serving in various official capacities and leaving a mark on literary history and poetry. Kuusinen's professional life was defined by his commitment to communist ideology and his work within the Soviet Union following his departure from Finland after the Finnish Civil War.

Richard Pipes was a prominent American historian known for his specialization in Russian and Soviet history. He was a professor at Harvard University, where he taught courses on Imperial Russia and the Russian Revolution. Pipes supervised over 80 graduate students in earning their PhDs and was renowned for his knowledge in Soviet history and foreign relations. In 1976, he headed Team B, a team of analysts for the CIA tasked with evaluating Soviet military and political tactics. Pipes also wrote for publications such as Commentary, The New York Times, and The Times Literary Supplement.

Keiiti Aki was a renowned figure in geophysics, known for his work as a seismologist, author, and mentor. He held positions at prestigious institutions such as MIT and USC. Aki's contributions to the field include coauthoring the influential book "Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Methods" with Paul G. Richards. Throughout his career, Aki made substantial advancements in understanding seismic activity and played a crucial role in shaping the education of future geophysicists.

Rafael Fragoso Pires, also known as Fafa, was a Brazilian businessman and sportsman with a successful career as a professional jockey. He achieved multiple championships in horse racing, representing Brazil in international competitions. Alongside his sporting achievements, he co-owned a popular accessories and footwear store in Rio de Janeiro. Despite facing challenges with his family's business empire, Rafael remained dedicated to his passion for horses and racing until his untimely passing due to COVID-19 complications in 2020.

Piero Dorazio was an Italian painter known for his contributions to color field painting, lyrical abstraction, and abstract art. Throughout his professional life, Dorazio explored the interplay of color and form, creating dynamic compositions that captured the essence of modern abstraction. He was a prominent figure in the art world, exhibiting widely and garnering recognition for his innovative approach to painting. Dorazio's work demonstrated a keen understanding of color theory and a mastery of geometric shapes, establishing him as a significant artist in the realm of abstract expressionism.

Kurt Schirra was a skilled German boxer who competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics, representing Saar. Throughout his professional career, he demonstrated exceptional talent and dedication to the sport. His participation in the Olympic games showcased his commitment to boxing and his ability to compete at a high level. Schirra's achievements in the ring solidified his reputation as a formidable athlete in the boxing world, leaving a lasting impact on fans and fellow competitors alike.

Oskar Zeissner was a German cyclist who competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Throughout his professional career, Zeissner demonstrated exceptional talent and dedication to the sport of cycling. He trained rigorously to compete at the highest level of competition, showcasing his skills and determination on the road. Zeissner's participation in the Olympic Games highlighted his commitment to representing his country and competing against the best cyclists in the world.

Charles de Talleyrand-Périgord was a French clergyman turned statesman and diplomat known for his crafty and cynical diplomacy. He served as Napoleon's chief diplomat, working for peace to consolidate France's gains through treaties with Austria and Britain. Talleyrand opposed Napoleon's renewed wars and conspired against him, seeking negotiated peace. After Napoleon's fall, he supported the Bourbon Restoration and played a major role in negotiating a favorable settlement for France at the Congress of Vienna, despite polarizing opinions on his actions.

Masaru Hayami was a well-known figure in Japan as a central banker and businessman. He served as the Governor of the Bank of Japan from 1998 to 2003 and was also a director at the Bank for International Settlements. Hayami was acknowledged for his initiatives to combat deflation by proposing reforms to Japan's economic system. His leadership and knowledge in finance significantly influenced Japan's economic strategies during his time in office.

Michel-Jean Sedaine was a prominent French dramatist and librettist known for his significant contributions to opéras comiques. He played a crucial role in advancing the genre during the transition from the era of Charles-Simon Favart to the beginning of the Revolution. Sedaine's expertise in crafting librettos helped shape the development and popularity of opéra comique during his time. His works were characterized by their wit, creativity, and ability to resonate with audiences, solidifying his reputation as a key figure in French theatrical history.

Abraham de Fabert had a distinguished professional career as a military officer in France. He joined the Gardes Françaises at a young age and rose through the ranks, displaying bravery and engineering skill in various battles and sieges. He became governor of Sedan and introduced innovative siegecraft methods. Fabert's accomplishments led to his appointment as a marshal of France, making him the first commoner to achieve this rank. His contributions to military strategy and leadership were significant during his time.