Famous Deaths on September 19

James A. Garfield was a distinguished American politician who held the office of the 20th president of the United States. Before his presidency, he had a successful career as a preacher, lawyer, Civil War general, and member of the U.S. House of Representatives. Garfield was renowned for his powerful oratory, dedication to civil rights, and promotion of agricultural technology. During his time in office, he strengthened presidential authority, combated corruption, and advocated for civil service reforms. Unfortunately, his presidency was tragically cut short by his assassination, but he left behind a lasting legacy of anti-corruption initiatives and pro-civil rights policies.

Jackie Collins was a highly successful English romance novelist and actress known for her 32 best-selling novels. After relocating to Los Angeles in 1985, she gained worldwide recognition for her work, which has been translated into 40 languages and sold over 500 million copies. Eight of her novels were also adapted for the screen, further establishing her impact on the worlds of literature and entertainment.

Gram Parsons, a highly influential American musician, singer, and songwriter, left a lasting impact on the country and rock genres. He is best known for popularizing "Cosmic American Music," which combined elements of country, rhythm and blues, soul, folk, and rock. Parsons played a key role in bands such as the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers, and his contributions can be heard on iconic albums like Sweetheart of the Rodeo. Despite battling drug addiction, his solo work, particularly the album Grievous Angel, continued to garner critical acclaim after his passing. Parsons is recognized for founding the country rock and alt-country genres, solidifying his legacy in the music industry.

Jake LaMotta was a renowned Italian-American professional boxer who dominated the world middleweight championship from 1949 to 1951. Known as "The Bronx Bull" and "Raging Bull" for his aggressive fighting style, he gained a reputation as a relentless swarmer and slugger. LaMotta's incredible durability and exceptional chin allowed him to endure significant punishment throughout his career, making him a formidable opponent. His intense rivalry with Sugar Ray Robinson, although mostly in Robinson's favor, remains a memorable highlight of his boxing legacy. Inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame, LaMotta's life story inspired the critically acclaimed film "Raging Bull."

Orville Redenbacher was an American food scientist and entrepreneur renowned for his pioneering work in the popcorn industry. He achieved fame for the brand of popcorn that carried his name, now owned by Conagra Brands. Redenbacher was hailed as an agricultural visionary for his significant contributions to revolutionizing the American popcorn industry. His innovative methods and dedication to quality helped establish him as a key figure in the business world, leaving a lasting impact on the food industry.

Skeeter Davis was a prominent American country music singer and songwriter renowned for her crossover pop music hits, notably "The End of the World." Initially part of the Davis Sisters in the late 1940s, she later flourished as a solo artist signed with RCA Victor in the late 1950s. Davis emerged as one of the trailblazing women in country music to achieve considerable fame as a solo vocalist. Her remarkable talent and influence within the genre inspired future artists such as Tammy Wynette and Dolly Parton, solidifying her reputation as an exceptional country/pop singer in the eyes of music critics.

William Barron Hilton was a prominent American business magnate, philanthropist, and sportsman recognized for his influential positions in the hospitality sector. Serving as the chairman, president, and CEO of Hilton Hotels Corporation, he was instrumental in the growth and prosperity of the company. Hilton was also a key figure in the founding of the American Football League and the initial proprietor of the Los Angeles Chargers. His efforts to facilitate the merger of the AFL and the NFL were crucial in establishing the iconic Super Bowl event.

Bernie Casey was a multi-talented individual known for his successful career in various fields. He gained recognition as a professional American football player before transitioning to acting, where he appeared in numerous films and television shows, showcasing his versatility and talent. Additionally, Casey was a skilled poet and visual artist, further displaying his creativity and passion for the arts. Throughout his professional life, he left a lasting impact on the entertainment industry and beyond, solidifying his legacy as a respected and accomplished figure.

James Peter Greaves MBE was an English professional footballer renowned as one of the greatest strikers of all time. With an illustrious career spanning clubs like Chelsea, A.C. Milan, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United, he achieved remarkable success, winning multiple FA Cups and other prestigious titles. Greaves also made significant contributions to the England national team, notably in the FIFA World Cup tournaments. Following his retirement as a player, he transitioned into a successful broadcasting career, becoming a familiar face on television sports programs.

Kenneth Erwin Hagin was a prominent American preacher who played a key role in establishing the Word of Faith movement. He dedicated his career to sharing his teachings through books, radio broadcasts, and speaking engagements. Hagin focused on the importance of positive confession, healing, and prosperity through faith in God's promises. His ministry left a lasting impact on evangelical Christianity, influencing numerous followers and leaving behind a strong legacy in spiritual teachings.

Slim Dusty was an iconic Australian country music artist renowned as Australia's King of Country Music. Throughout a career that lasted nearly seven decades, he produced over a hundred albums, selling more than seven million records globally. Dusty was celebrated for his influence on the "bush ballad" style, capturing the essence of Australian bush life and trucking themes in his music. His achievements included winning 38 Golden Guitars, an ARIA award, and being honored with inductions into the ARIA Hall of Fame and Australian Roll of Renown.

John Turner, a Canadian lawyer and politician, briefly served as the 17th prime minister of Canada for 79 days in 1984. Before his tenure as prime minister, he held several cabinet positions, such as minister of justice, attorney general, and minister of finance. Turner briefly left politics to work as a corporate lawyer before returning to lead the Liberal Party of Canada and the Official Opposition from 1984 to 1990. He stepped down as party leader in 1990 and did not run for re-election in 1993.

Dolores Hope was a talented American singer, entertainer, and philanthropist who was celebrated for her captivating performances and musical talents. She had a successful career in the entertainment industry, showcasing her vocal abilities across different platforms. Dolores was also known for her charitable work and dedication to helping others through philanthropic efforts. As the wife of actor and comedian Bob Hope, she played a significant role in supporting her husband's career and contributing to their shared legacy in the entertainment world.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a pioneering Russian rocket scientist, is credited with laying the foundation for modern astronautics. His theoretical and practical contributions to space exploration, such as the concept of multi-stage rockets and the use of liquid fuel, have inspired generations of rocket engineers. Tsiolkovsky's ideas have had a significant impact on key figures in space exploration, including Wernher von Braun and Soviet engineers Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko, who played crucial roles in the success of the Soviet space program.

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was a Tunisian politician who served as the second president of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011. He came to power in a bloodless coup and established an authoritarian regime characterized by non-democratic elections where he routinely claimed victory by large margins. Ben Ali was ousted during the Tunisian revolution in 2011 and sought refuge in Saudi Arabia. Despite being convicted in absentia on various charges, he remained in exile until his passing in 2019.

Earl Palmer, an influential American drummer, was renowned for shaping the rock and roll genre. His exceptional talent as a studio musician led to numerous recordings for iconic artists like Little Richard and Fats Domino. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Palmer's extensive discography includes hits such as "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" by the Righteous Brothers, solidifying his legendary status in American popular music.

Julia started her career as a lady-in-waiting to Marie of Hesse, where she met her future husband, Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine. Although their marriage was initially considered morganatic due to social disparities, Julia was later granted the title of Princess of Battenberg by the Duke of Hesse. She had a crucial role as a mother to Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria, and her descendants are now integrated into the present British and Spanish royal families.

Hermes Pan was a renowned American dancer and choreographer who famously collaborated with Fred Astaire on a series of iconic 1930s movie musicals. Together, they worked on nearly two dozen films and TV shows, with Pan choreographing a total of 89 films. His exceptional talents in dance direction earned him both an Oscar and an Emmy. Pan began his career in amateur productions and speakeasies before transitioning to Broadway and eventually relocating to California in 1930. It was in 1933 that he crossed paths with Astaire, sparking a successful partnership that resulted in numerous acclaimed projects within the entertainment industry.

Wing Commander Guy Gibson was a renowned bomber pilot in the Royal Air Force during World War II, serving as the first Commanding Officer of No. 617 Squadron. He led the iconic "Dam Busters" raid in 1943, successfully breaching two large dams in Germany. For his exceptional bravery and leadership during this mission, he was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest honor for courage. Gibson completed over 170 war operations before tragically being killed in action at the age of 26, leaving behind a legacy as one of the most highly decorated British servicemen of his time.

Giles Corey was an English-born farmer who became embroiled in the Salem witch trials in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Accused of witchcraft alongside his wife Martha Corey, he faced torture due to his refusal to enter a plea. Corey's defiance in the face of this torment resulted in his estate passing to his sons. He lost his life after enduring three days of crushing. His legacy is marked by a memorial plaque in Charter Street Cemetery, with his exact grave location in Howard Street Cemetery remaining unmarked.

Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan led the successful overthrow of the Kamakura shogunate in 1333, establishing the short-lived Kenmu Restoration to restore Imperial power. Despite being overthrown by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336, Go-Daigo continued to lead the Southern Court in opposition to the Ashikaga-backed Northern Court. His efforts were significant in reshaping power dynamics in Japan until the Meiji Restoration in 1868.

Thomas John Barnardo was a philanthropist who founded homes for underprivileged children. He established the first Barnardo's home in 1867 and provided care for nearly 60,000 children. Despite not completing his studies, he adopted the title of 'doctor' and later obtained a licentiate. Barnardo dedicated his life to improving the lives of disadvantaged children, leaving a lasting legacy through his charitable work and commitment to social welfare.

David Low was a self-taught New Zealand political cartoonist and caricaturist known for his depictions of world leaders such as Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Joseph Stalin. He began his career in New Zealand before moving to Australia and later settling in London. Low worked for newspapers like The Star and the Evening Standard, where his satirical cartoons, including the famous Colonel Blimp series, gained international acclaim. Despite facing bans in Italy and Germany, Low's critiques of fascist regimes earned him widespread recognition.

Étienne Gilson, a renowned French philosopher and historian of philosophy, was recognized for his deep knowledge of medieval philosophy, Descartes' thought, and the philosophical tradition of Thomas Aquinas. Despite not aligning himself with neo-Thomist philosophy, Gilson received prestigious accolades such as being elected as an "Immortal" of the Académie française and being nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. His intellectual legacy lives on through the International Étienne Gilson Society, dedicated to advancing his ideas and classical philosophy in academic and cultural contexts.

Anténor Firmin was a notable Haitian barrister and philosopher who made significant contributions as an anthropologist, journalist, and politician. His influential work "De l'égalité des races humaines" (English: "On the Equality of Human Races"), published in 1885, challenged Count Arthur de Gobineau's ideas of racial inequality. Firmin's book advocated for the equality of all human races, highlighting that individuals share common qualities and faults regardless of color or anatomical differences. Despite encountering marginalization for his beliefs, Firmin's efforts in promoting racial equality have left a lasting impact.

Robert Guéï was an Ivorian politician who served as the military ruler of Ivory Coast from December 1999 to October 2000. He came to power following a coup d'état and later contested in the 2000 presidential election but was defeated by Laurent Gbagbo. Guéï's tenure was marked by political instability, culminating in his death during the First Ivorian Civil War in 2002.

Buddy Collette was a versatile and highly skilled American jazz musician known for his expertise on the flute, saxophone, and clarinet. He made significant contributions to the jazz scene as a founding member of the Chico Hamilton Quintet, showcasing his talent and creativity. Throughout his career, Collette collaborated with various renowned artists, leaving a lasting impact on the jazz world. His proficiency on multiple instruments and his innovative approach to music solidified his reputation as a respected and influential figure in the industry.

Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis was a renowned French mathematician, mechanical engineer, and scientist recognized for his significant contributions to the study of rotating frames of reference. His research on supplementary forces notably unveiled the Coriolis effect, a fundamental principle in physics. Coriolis also played a crucial role in defining work as the energy transfer through a force acting over a distance. Moreover, he enhanced Leibniz's vis viva concept by incorporating the ½ factor, now a standard representation of kinetic energy.

Pieter van Musschenbroek, a Dutch scientist, had a distinguished academic career in mathematics, philosophy, medicine, and astronomy. He held professorships in Duisburg, Utrecht, and Leiden and made significant contributions to various fields. Musschenbroek is best known for inventing the Leyden jar in 1746, which was the first capacitor. Additionally, he conducted groundbreaking research on the buckling of compressed struts and provided detailed descriptions of testing machines for tension, compression, and flexure testing. Musschenbroek also explored dynamic plasticity through innovative experiments, such as studying the penetration of butter by impact.

Michael Peter Ancher was a renowned Danish realist artist celebrated for his portrayals of the Danish fishing community in Skagen. He was recognized for his paintings depicting fishermen, the Skagerak, and the North Sea, effectively capturing the everyday life and challenges of the fishing trade. Ancher's work demonstrated a profound connection to his subjects and a sharp attention to detail, establishing him as a skillful painter. His art is esteemed for its realism and emotional impact, securing his enduring legacy in the art realm.

Italo Calvino was an acclaimed Italian writer and journalist celebrated for his inventive and imaginative literary works. His career was distinguished by the release of influential pieces such as the Our Ancestors trilogy, the Cosmicomics collection of short stories, and the novels Invisible Cities and If on a winter's night a traveler. Calvino achieved international recognition and was especially revered in Britain, Australia, and the United States, emerging as the most translated contemporary Italian writer of his time. His enduring impact in the literary realm is commemorated through his final resting place in Tuscany.

Sir Geraint Llewellyn Evans CBE, a prominent Welsh bass-baritone, was known for exceptional performances in various operatic roles. He received praise for his portrayals of characters such as Figaro in Le nozze di Figaro, Papageno in Die Zauberflöte, and the title role in Wozzeck. Evans was particularly acclaimed for his interpretation of Verdi's Falstaff. Over his illustrious career, he sang over 70 diverse roles from his debut at Covent Garden in 1948 to his final performance there in 1984.

Sir William Waller JP was an English soldier and politician who led Parliamentarian armies during the First English Civil War. Elected as an MP for Andover, he adhered to moderate Presbyterian beliefs and opposed New Model Army involvement in politics. Excluded by the army multiple times for his views, he eventually retired from politics after the Stuart Restoration. Waller's service in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms was driven by his strong religious and political convictions, as evidenced by a notable letter to his Royalist opponent.

Etta Zuber Falconer was a pioneering American educator and mathematician known for her significant contributions to the field. She spent the majority of her career at Spelman College, holding positions such as department head and associate provost. Falconer broke barriers as one of the early African-American women to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics, paving the way for future generations of underrepresented individuals in the field. Her work and leadership have had a lasting impact on the academic community, inspiring others to pursue excellence in mathematics.

Alexander Tilloch Galt was a prominent politician known for his significant contributions to the formation of the Canadian Confederation. He played a key role in the negotiations leading up to Confederation and served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. Galt also held various ministerial positions, including Minister of Finance, where he implemented important economic policies. His dedication to public service and his advocacy for a united Canada solidified his legacy as one of the country's Founding Fathers.

Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet was a prominent colonial administrator who held several key positions in the British Empire. He served as Lieutenant Governor of British Honduras and Van Diemen's Land, overseeing the controversial Black War against Aboriginal Tasmanians. He later took on the role of Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada and Governor of Bombay. Throughout his career, Sir George Arthur faced challenges related to colonial expansion and indigenous relations, leaving a complex legacy in the history of British colonial administration.

Larry Wallis was a prominent British rock guitarist, songwriter, and producer, making significant contributions to the music industry. He gained recognition as a member of the Pink Fairies and as one of the early members of the legendary band Motörhead. With his exceptional guitar skills and songwriting abilities, Wallis left a lasting impact on the rock music scene. Throughout his career, he collaborated with various artists, showcasing his versatility and talent in producing music that resonated with audiences worldwide.

Brian Sewell, an English art critic, was renowned for his sharp critiques of conceptual art and the Turner Prize. He became famous for his work at the Evening Standard, where he shared his critical perspectives on contemporary art. Sewell was considered a prominent and polarizing figure in the art industry, earning the title of "Britain's most famous and controversial art critic" by The Guardian. His perceptive analyses and unique viewpoint led to him being recognized as the "nation’s best art critic" by the Standard.

Chester F. Carlson was an American physicist, inventor, and patent attorney known for inventing electrophotography, which later became known as xerography. This revolutionary invention allowed for the production of dry copies, a significant improvement over the wet copies produced by existing processes at the time. Carlson's invention transformed the way documents were duplicated and paved the way for the widespread use of photocopiers across the globe. His legacy continues to influence the field of printing and copying technologies today.

Lydia Cabrera was a distinguished Cuban independent ethnographer, writer, and literary activist known for her specialization in the study of Afro-Cuban religions, particularly Santería and Palo Monte. She authored over one hundred books, with her most notable work, El Monte, offering a groundbreaking ethnographic exploration of Afro-Cuban traditions, herbalism, and religion. Cabrera's literary contributions played a pivotal role in transforming oral narratives into literature, enriching the understanding of Afro-Cuban culture and religion. Her research materials were later entrusted to the Cuban Heritage Collection, cementing her legacy as a trailblazer in the fields of literature, anthropology, and ethnology.

Marie Henriette of Austria became Queen of the Belgians when she married King Leopold II. Despite their arranged marriage, she showed great energy and intelligence in her role, especially in her skill in horsemanship. Known for her dedication to her animals, she had a strong passion for equestrian activities. In 1895, she retired from public duties and spent her last years in Spa, earning the nickname "The Queen of Spa."

Sir George Grey was a British soldier, explorer, colonial administrator, and writer who held various governing positions in South Australia, New Zealand, and Cape Colony. He played a significant role in the colonization of New Zealand, including the purchase and annexation of Māori land. Grey was known for his fluency in Māori, scholarly study of Māori culture, and efforts to maintain peace with indigenous populations. He was a Gladstonian liberal and Georgist, but his aggressive actions against Māori during territorial expansion remain controversial.

David Starr Jordan was a well-known academic figure who served as the founding president of Stanford University and previously as the president of Indiana University. He was an accomplished ichthyologist, focusing on the study of fish. Jordan was also active in the controversial field of eugenics, supporting selective breeding practices. Additionally, he held anti-militarist beliefs and opposed war due to its perceived negative effects on the gene pool. Jordan made significant contributions to education, science, and social ideologies throughout his career.

Mary Jemison was a Scots-Irish colonial frontierswoman in Pennsylvania and New York, known as the "White Woman of the Genesee." Captured by Seneca Native Americans at a young age, she assimilated into their culture, marrying two Native American men. Jemison chose to remain with the Seneca people rather than return to American colonial culture. In 1824, she published a memoir of her life, detailing her experiences as a captive and her integration into Seneca society. Her story was later reprinted, and her remains were reinterred near a historic Seneca council house.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild was a prominent banker who established the influential Rothschild banking dynasty. He is revered for his significant contributions to international finance and is regarded as one of the most influential businessmen in history. Rothschild's professional legacy is characterized by his strategic financial expertise, pioneering banking methods, and his establishment of a prosperous banking empire that left a lasting mark on the global financial arena.

Reginald Aldworth Daly was a distinguished Canadian geologist known for his research on the giant-impact hypothesis of the Moon's formation. His significant contributions to geology through research and publications, as well as his influential role in shaping geology education, have left a lasting impact on the scientific community. Daly's innovative ideas and theories have had a profound influence on the study of planetary formation and evolution. His legacy as a pioneering geologist continues to inspire further research and exploration in the field.

Ole Christensen Rømer, a Danish astronomer, made significant contributions to the field of physics. In 1676, he conducted experiments at the Royal Observatory in Paris that showed light travels at a finite speed, using Jupiter's moon Io for his study. Rømer is also credited with inventing the modern thermometer and establishing fixed temperature measurement points. His calculation of the speed of light, based on its travel time from the Sun to Earth, was a pivotal advancement in our understanding of light's characteristics.

William Foxwell Albright was a prominent American archaeologist, biblical scholar, philologist, and ceramics expert. Regarded as one of the most influential American biblical scholars of the twentieth century, he gained public recognition for his role in authenticating the Dead Sea Scrolls. Albright was a leading figure in biblical archaeology, founding the biblical archaeology movement. He held prestigious academic positions, including serving as the W. W. Spence Professor of Semitic Languages at Johns Hopkins University and as Director of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem. Albright's contributions to Near Eastern studies, biblical archaeology, and ceramic typology have had a lasting impact on the understanding of ancient Near Eastern history and the historicity of the Bible.

Ran Laurie was a distinguished English physician and celebrated Olympic rowing champion who achieved success and recognition in both medicine and sports. His commitment to helping others was evident through his expertise in the medical field, while his exceptional athletic abilities were showcased through his achievements in rowing. Laurie's contributions to healthcare and sports had a lasting impact, earning him a well-respected reputation in both professions.

Rudolf Peierls, a German-born British physicist, made significant contributions to nuclear physics and weapons development. He played a crucial role in projects like Tube Alloys and the Manhattan Project, which were instrumental in the development of atomic bombs. Peierls studied under renowned physicists in Germany and Switzerland before settling in Britain due to political circumstances. His work at various universities and research institutions focused on nuclear forces, quantum field theories, and statistical mechanics. Peierls received numerous accolades for his contributions to the field and also contributed to nuclear disarmament efforts post-World War II.

Lazare Hoche, a renowned French military leader during the French Revolutionary Wars, was celebrated for his triumph over Royalist forces in Brittany. Known for his strategic brilliance and decisive actions, he was respected for his stern and uncompromising leadership style. Hoche's military skills were honored with his name etched on the Arc de Triomphe, recognizing him as a general of remarkable ability. His premature death was mourned as a great loss to France, as he left behind a legacy of outstanding battlefield successes.

Hiroshi Yamauchi, a Japanese businessman, led Nintendo as its president for 53 years, from 1949 to 2002. Under his guidance, Nintendo evolved from a hanafuda card manufacturer into a prominent global video game publisher and conglomerate. Yamauchi played a crucial role in steering Nintendo's growth and dominance in the multibillion-dollar gaming industry. His effective leadership and strategic decisions solidified Nintendo's position in the market.

Theodore of Tarsus served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 668 to 690. He fled to Constantinople after the Persian Empire's conquest and later moved to Rome. Appointed by Pope Vitalian, he is remembered for reforming the English Church and establishing a school in Canterbury. Theodore's leadership was characterized by his studies in Constantinople and Rome, leading to his influential role as Archbishop and his important contributions to the organization and development of the Church in England.

Einar Gerhardsen was a prominent Norwegian politician who served as Prime Minister for a total of 16 years, the longest-serving in Norway under the parliamentary system. He was a key figure in the Labour Party, leading it for two decades. Known as "Landsfaderen" (Father of the Nation), Gerhardsen played a vital role in Norway's post-World War II reconstruction. Additionally, he served as President of the Nordic Council, demonstrating his influence and leadership on national and international levels.

Amidou, also known as Hamidou Benmessaoud, was a highly acclaimed Moroccan-French actor recognized for his work in film, television, and stage productions. He collaborated with director Claude Lelouch on eleven films and received awards for his performances at international festivals. Amidou's career spanned various genres, from Spaghetti Westerns to American productions, and he was honored with a Lifetime Career Award at the International Film Festival of Marrakech for his talent and dedication.

Peter I of Bourbon served as the second Duke of Bourbon from 1342 until his death. He was known for his mental instability, which was evident in his descendants, including his daughter and grandson. Despite his personal struggles, Peter held his position as the Duke of Bourbon until his passing.

Sir Francis Darwin was a renowned British botanist who significantly contributed to plant physiology. His research focused on plant movements in reaction to light and gravity, leading to important findings on the impact of hormones on plant growth and development. Additionally, Darwin was instrumental in the establishment of plant genetics as a discipline. He was a Fellow of prestigious scientific societies like the Linnean Society, the Royal Society, and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Today, his work remains influential in the study of plants and plant biology.

Richard Wayne Mullins was a renowned American contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter recognized for his powerful worship songs such as "Awesome God" and "Sometimes by Step." His albums were highly regarded in Christian music, earning praise from CCM Magazine. Mullins' impactful songs have been performed by numerous artists, and he was affectionately referred to as "the uneasy conscience of Christian music" by Amy Grant. Mullins was deeply committed to his Christian faith and found inspiration in the teachings of St. Francis of Assisi, leading him to create a significant musical work titled Canticle of the Plains in 1997.

Glückel of Hameln was a respected German Jewish businesswoman renowned for her success in diverse trades, such as money lending, trade, and household management. Her sharp business sense and financial expertise helped her overcome challenges of that era and accumulate significant wealth. She earned admiration in her community for her intelligence, resourcefulness, and leadership, establishing herself as a prominent figure in the German-Jewish business landscape of the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

Januarius, also known as Januarius I of Benevento, was the Bishop of Benevento and is revered as a martyr and saint in both the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. Legend states that he perished during the Great Persecution era. Januarius holds a significant place as the patron saint of Naples, where believers gather three times annually at Naples Cathedral to witness the purported liquefaction of his preserved blood.

Wim Crouwel was a renowned Dutch graphic designer, type designer, and typographer recognized for his innovative and minimalist design approach. He played a key role in founding the influential design studio Total Design in 1963, where he developed many iconic visual identities for clients. Crouwel was a trailblazer in incorporating technology into design, promoting the use of grid systems and computer-generated typefaces. His work is distinguished by its precision, simplicity, and functionality, making a lasting impression on the graphic design industry.

Hugo Francis Bezdek was a versatile Czech American athlete and coach who excelled in football, basketball, and baseball. Throughout his career, he held coaching positions at various prestigious institutions, including the University of Oregon, University of Arkansas, Pennsylvania State University, and Delaware Valley College. His coaching prowess extended to leading teams to the Rose Bowl Game and the National Football League. Additionally, Bezdek managed the Pittsburgh Pirates in Major League Baseball. His remarkable contributions to the world of sports were recognized with his induction into the College Football Hall of Fame and the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame.

Arkady Kobyakov, a Russian singer known for his songwriting and performances, overcame personal challenges to pursue his passion for music. Despite serving time in a correctional facility, he wrote around eighty songs and shot seven music videos. Following his release, he continued to write songs and perform at various venues, collaborating with artists like Yuri Ivanovich Bone. Kobyakov released his debut album "Prisoner's Soul" and remained dedicated to his music until his passing in 2015.

Robert Barnard was an accomplished English crime writer, critic, and lecturer. Throughout his career, he published over 40 books under his own name, establishing himself as a prolific and respected author in the crime genre. In addition to his own works, he also wrote four books under the pseudonym Bernard Bastable, showcasing his versatility as a writer. Barnard's contributions to the world of literature, particularly in the realm of crime fiction, solidified his reputation as a prominent figure in the industry.

Nikos Skalkottas, a Greek composer, was known for his diverse musical output that included atonal, twelve-tone, and tonal works. He remained loyal to neo-classical ideals and incorporated influences of jazz and Greek folk music into his compositions. Skalkottas was celebrated for his innovative use of the twelve-note method and classical forms, creating symphonic works, chamber music, concertos, and vocal pieces. Although his music was not widely appreciated during his lifetime, it gained recognition posthumously, thanks to supporters and recordings released by BIS records.

Robert Casadesus was a highly respected French pianist and composer in the 20th century, renowned for his exceptional musical talent and virtuosity on the piano. Celebrated for his impeccable technique and expressive performances, he gained widespread recognition for his interpretations of classical repertoire. In addition to his performances, Casadesus composed several works that showcased his creativity and skill as a composer. Throughout his professional life, he received numerous accolades and left a lasting legacy in the classical music world.

Charles Gabriel Seligman, a British physician and ethnologist, conducted ethnographic studies on the Vedda people of Sri Lanka and the Shilluk people of Sudan. He was a professor at the London School of Economics and influenced notable anthropologists such as Bronisław Malinowski, E. E. Evans-Pritchard, and Meyer Fortes. Seligman supported the controversial Hamitic hypothesis, proposing that certain African civilizations were founded by Caucasoid Hamitic peoples. However, his work in the 1920s and 1930s has since been criticized for promoting white supremacist ideologies.

Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain served as Queen of Sardinia after marrying Victor Amadeus III. As a mother to the last three mainline Kings of Sardinia, she played a key role in their upbringing and education, influencing the future of the Sardinian monarchy. Maria Antonia Ferdinanda actively participated in diplomatic affairs, representing the royal family in official functions. Her dedication to the well-being and prosperity of Sardinia was evident throughout her reign.

Thomas Joseph Capano was a disbarred American lawyer and former Delaware deputy attorney general. He had a successful legal career before his conviction for the 1996 murder of Anne Marie Fahey, his former lover. Capano's professional life included serving as a prosecutor in Delaware and practicing law. However, his career came to a halt when he was disbarred and ultimately convicted of murder, marking a tragic end to what was once a promising legal career.

Zinaida Serebriakova was a renowned Russian and French painter known for her distinctive style and artistic vision. She gained recognition for her beautiful portraits, landscapes, and genre paintings that captured the essence of her subjects with depth and emotion. Serebriakova's work reflected a blend of traditional Russian artistic influences and modern European trends, showcasing her versatility and skill as a painter. Her contributions to the art world continue to be celebrated for their unique and timeless beauty.

Jules-Martin Cambon, a prominent French diplomat, served as ambassador to Germany from 1907 to 1914. He was known for promoting friendly relations and peace between France and Germany, striving for détente. However, Cambon encountered challenges in convincing French leaders, like Raymond Poincaré, of Germany's intentions. Despite his efforts, prevailing sentiment in France suggested war with Germany was unavoidable, causing frustration in Cambon's diplomatic efforts.

Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham, was a prominent British businessman, politician, and diplomat. He served as the inaugural Governor General of the united Province of Canada, where he made substantial contributions to shaping the economic policies of both Britain and Canada. Thomson excelled in finance, demonstrated strong leadership in various governmental positions, and actively worked towards fostering economic development and cooperation between Britain and its colonies, with a particular focus on Canada.

Ahmad bin Yahya Hamidaddin was the penultimate king of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen from 1948 to 1962. Known for his ruthless rule, he faced coup attempts and assassination plots due to his arbitrary decisions. Despite being called "Ahmad the devil" by his enemies, he was popular among his subjects, especially the northern tribesmen who nicknamed him "Big Turban." Ahmad strategically formed alliances with the Soviet Union, Communist China, and Egypt to strengthen his kingdom, but ultimately faced opposition leading to the downfall of the kingdom after his death.

Miles Franklin was an influential Australian writer and feminist renowned for her novel My Brilliant Career. She was dedicated to fostering uniquely Australian literature and supporting writers and literary organizations. Franklin's advocacy for Australian literature inspired the establishment of the prestigious Miles Franklin Award, honoring exceptional works depicting Australian life. Her impact on Australian literary culture is also evident through the creation of the Stella Prize, which celebrates outstanding literary works by Australian women.

William Jacob Cuppy was an American humorist and literary critic renowned for his satirical works on nature and historical figures. Cuppy's professional life was marked by his witty and humorous writing style, which garnered him a loyal following. He was known for his sharp wit and keen observations, particularly in his satirical books that provided a unique perspective on various subjects. Cuppy's works were widely acclaimed for their humor and insight, establishing him as a noteworthy figure in American literature.

Isao Nakauchi, a well-known Japanese businessman, founded Daiei, a major supermarket chain in Japan. He also established the University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture. Nakauchi significantly contributed to the retail industry by expanding Daiei's presence and influence in the market. His dedication to education and expertise in marketing and distribution fields through the university left a lasting impact on Japan's business landscape.

Martha Holmes was an esteemed American photographer and photojournalist known for her impactful work capturing various aspects of life. Through her lens, she skillfully documented social issues, cultural events, and everyday moments, showcasing a keen eye for detail and emotion. Her photographs resonated with viewers, providing a unique perspective on the world around us. Martha Holmes' dedication to her craft and ability to tell compelling stories through her images solidified her reputation as a talented and respected professional in the field of photography.

George Cadle Price was a prominent Belizean statesman who played a key role in Belizean independence. He served as the head of government from 1961 to 1984 and 1989 to 1993, being the first prime minister after independence in 1981. Price was instrumental in leading the People's United Party, which focused on achieving political and economic independence for Belize. He was widely respected as the "Father of the Nation" and had a significant influence on Belizean politics for several decades until his retirement in 1996.

Karl Dietrich Bracher was a respected German political scientist and historian known for his extensive knowledge of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. With a Ph.D. in classics from the University of Tübingen and additional studies at Harvard University, Bracher's academic career was marked by teaching positions at prestigious institutions like the Free University of Berlin and the University of Bonn. His contributions to political science and history remain highly regarded and influential.

Jean-Antoine de Baïf was a prominent French poet and a key figure in the literary movement known as the Pléiade. He played a significant role in the development of French poetry during the Renaissance period. Baïf was known for his innovative approach to poetry, particularly his use of complex rhyme schemes and rhythmic structures. He was also a skilled translator and musician, contributing to the cultural and artistic landscape of 16th-century France. Baïf's works have continued to influence French literature and poetry to this day.

Louis Jacques Blom-Cooper was a distinguished English author and lawyer renowned for his expertise in public and administrative law. Throughout his career, he made significant contributions to the legal field through his extensive knowledge and experience. Blom-Cooper's work in law was characterized by a commitment to upholding justice and fairness, earning him a reputation as a respected figure in the legal community. His writings and professional engagements demonstrated a deep understanding of the complexities of legal matters, establishing him as a prominent authority in his field.

Leonard Lerman was a prominent American scientist recognized for his influential work in DNA research. He achieved significant breakthroughs in molecular biology, particularly in identifying antibodies' binding sites and elucidating the interactions of certain molecules with DNA via intercalation. Lerman spearheaded successful research initiatives at various institutions and collaborated with esteemed scientists such as Linus Pauling, Sydney Brenner, and Francis Crick. His instrumental role in the development of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), a widely utilized technique for studying microbial biodiversity, has significantly contributed to the advancement of molecular biology.

Georg August Schweinfurth was a distinguished Baltic German botanist and ethnologist renowned for his exploration of East Central Africa. Throughout his career, he conducted thorough research and offered valuable contributions to the realms of botany and ethnology. Schweinfurth's work in Africa resulted in the identification of new plant species and a deeper understanding of the varied cultures in the area. His expeditions and publications have left a lasting impression on the fields of botany and ethnology, establishing him as a trailblazing explorer and academic.

Jane Dudley was an influential American modern dancer, choreographer, and teacher known for her innovative work in the world of dance. Mentored by choreographer Martha Graham, Dudley was instrumental in bringing movement inspired by social issues to the forefront of the American Dance Festival at Connecticut College in the 1950s. Her unique choreographic style and commitment to addressing social themes through dance left a lasting impact on the dance world, solidifying her legacy as a pioneer in modern dance.

Masaoka Shiki was a leading Japanese poet, author, and literary critic known for his influence on modern haiku poetry. With a substantial body of work comprising nearly 20,000 stanzas, he also played a key role in the reform of tanka poetry. Recognized as one of the four great haiku masters, Shiki's career was defined by his commitment to innovation and excellence in Japanese poetry.

Arthur Mitchell was a pioneering American ballet dancer and choreographer who made history as the first African-American dancer with the New York City Ballet in 1955. He quickly rose to become a principal dancer and went on to establish ballet companies in various locations, including Spoleto, Washington, D.C., and Brazil. In 1969, he founded the Dance Theatre of Harlem, the first African-American classical ballet company. Mitchell received numerous awards and honors for his significant contributions to the world of dance.

Helmut Heißenbüttel was a prominent German novelist and poet known for works such as "Das Textbuch" and "Marlowe's Ende." He received accolades including the Georg Büchner Prize in 1969, Bundesverdienstkreuz Erster Klasse in 1979, and the Austrian State Prize for European Literature in 1990. Heißenbüttel's literary contributions were highly regarded for their innovation and depth. He passed away in 1996 due to pneumonia, leaving behind a legacy of impactful writing that continues to inspire readers and writers.

Ginger McCain was a successful English horse trainer renowned for his achievements with the champion steeplechaser Red Rum during the 1970s. Before his horse racing career, McCain served as a national serviceman in the Royal Air Force, specializing as a motorcycle dispatch rider and being part of the RAF scrambling team. McCain's dedication and expertise in training horses resulted in three Grand National wins with Red Rum, establishing him as a highly respected figure in the sport.

Saye Zerbo was a Burkinabé military officer who had a diverse and influential career. He joined the French military in 1950, participating in the First Indochina War and the Algerian War of Independence. Upon Upper Volta's independence in 1960, he joined the country's army. Zerbo held various positions within the military government, including minister of foreign affairs, commander of the regiment in the capital, and director of the military intelligence agency. He staged a coup in 1980, becoming the third President of Upper Volta until he was deposed in 1982.

Bert Hellinger was a German psychotherapist renowned for developing Family Constellation Therapy. His innovative approach focuses on uncovering and resolving deep-seated family issues and dynamics that affect individuals' lives. Hellinger's methods involve exploring hidden family patterns and traumas, aiming to restore balance and harmony within family systems. His work has influenced modern psychotherapy, emphasizing the importance of understanding familial relationships and their impact on personal well-being. Hellinger’s therapeutic contributions have had a significant impact on both clinical practice and personal development.

Jacky Gillott was a pioneering figure in the field of journalism in Britain. As one of the country's earliest female television reporters, she made significant contributions to the industry. Known for her work as a novelist and broadcaster, Gillott's career was marked by her dedication to storytelling and communication. Her role as a television reporter helped pave the way for other women to enter the field, breaking down barriers and challenging stereotypes. Gillott's professional legacy continues to inspire aspiring journalists and broadcasters to this day.

Marquis Giacomo Doria was a prominent Italian naturalist, botanist, herpetologist, and politician. He founded the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Genoa and served as its director until his passing. Doria conducted scientific expeditions to various regions, collecting samples of plants, shells, butterflies, and animals. He made significant contributions to entomology and herpetology, describing numerous new species. Doria's legacy is commemorated through the scientific names of various reptiles and animals named after him. Additionally, he held positions of leadership in scientific societies and briefly served as the mayor of Genoa.

Leonid Mikhailovich Kharitonov was a celebrated Soviet and Russian bass-baritone singer known for his exceptional talent and contributions to the world of music. He held prestigious titles such as People's Artist of the RSFSR and Honored Artist of RSFSR, underscoring his significant influence on the cultural landscape. One of his most memorable performances was the 1965 video of The Song of the Volga Boatmen, which received international acclaim and established him as a remarkable vocalist with a commanding stage presence.

José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fernández served as the 10th President of Chile from September 18, 1886, to August 29, 1891. He belonged to the Castilian-Basque aristocracy in Chile. His presidency was marred by political conflicts with the Chilean congress, culminating in the 1891 Chilean Civil War. Sadly, Balmaceda ended his life following the civil war. His professional legacy is characterized by his presidential leadership and the turbulent events that transpired during his tenure.

Carl Milles was a celebrated Swedish sculptor recognized for his exceptional creations, such as the Gustaf Vasa statue at the Stockholm Nordic Museum, the Poseidon statue in Gothenburg, the Orpheus group at the Stockholm Concert Hall, and the Fountain of Faith in Falls Church, Virginia. His artistic legacy is upheld at Millesgården, his former residence transformed into a museum. Milles showcased remarkable skill and creativity throughout his career, capturing the essence of his subjects in his sculptures and making a lasting impression on the art world.

Aida Imanguliyeva was a prominent Azerbaijani scholar known for her significant contributions in the field of Oriental Studies, particularly in Arabic Philology. Throughout her career, she held various positions at prestigious institutions, such as the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. Imanguliyeva was a prolific author, having written several monographs and numerous research papers on Eastern literatures. She also played a key role in academic organizations and was actively involved in training and mentoring future Arabists. Her impact on the field continues to be honored through scholarships in her name.

Colonel Mark Wilks FRS was a Manx soldier, historian, and East India Company administrator known for his work in southern India, particularly in the princely state of Mysore. He joined the Madras Army in 1782 and served in various roles, including as a secretary to the Military Board and Resident at Mysore. Wilks authored historical works such as "Report on the Internal Administration of Mysore" and "Historical Sketches of the South of India." He was also appointed Governor of Saint Helena and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1826.

Choe Yong-gon held key positions in North Korea, including Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army and defense minister in the late 1940s and 1950s. He played a vital role in developing the country's military strategy and defense policies. Transitioning to a political role, he became Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, influencing governance and legislation until the early 1970s.

Győző Kulcsár was a highly successful Hungarian fencer with an impressive career as both an athlete and coach. He competed in several Olympic Games, earning four gold and two bronze medals. Additionally, Kulcsár secured three world titles with the Hungarian team. Following his retirement from competition, he became a respected coach, training talented fencers in Hungary and Italy. His passion for the sport endured until his passing in 2018.

Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi was a distinguished Fijian lawyer, legal scholar, jurist, and politician. He served as vice-president and acting president of Fiji, as well as Chief Justice of Nauru. Madraiwiwi worked diligently to restore dignity to the vice-presidency, but faced challenges, including the impending abolition of the position following a military coup. He later resumed private practice as an attorney. Known for his prolific writing and public speaking, Madraiwiwi authored various articles and books, leaving a lasting impact on the legal and political spheres.