Famous Deaths on September 21

Edward II of England ascended to the throne in 1307. In 1308, he married Isabella of France to enhance relations between England and France. His reign was characterized by a tumultuous association with Piers Gaveston, which incited discord with the barons. Subsequently, the Despenser family became his trusted advisors. Edward encountered military setbacks in Scotland, faced internal dissent, and ultimately abdicated in favor of his son. His rule witnessed the development of parliamentary institutions, despite widespread criticism of his leadership abilities.

Charles V was a prominent ruler who held various titles and territories, including Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Spain, and Lord of the Netherlands. He played a key role in overseeing Spanish colonization in the Americas and sought to establish a universal monarchy. Throughout his reign, he navigated conflicts with the Ottoman Empire, the Reformation, and France, often relying on financial support from loans and silver obtained from colonies. Charles V engaged in key events such as confronting Martin Luther, defending Vienna, and expanding his territorial holdings. Despite facing challenges in Hungary and Algiers, he successfully facilitated the Council of Trent. In response to opposition, he ultimately agreed to the Peace of Augsburg and abdicated his rule in 1556, leading to the division of his vast realms.

Walter Brennan was a highly acclaimed American actor and singer known for his exceptional performances in both film and television. He achieved great success in his career, winning three Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor, which remains a rare feat for male actors. His talent and versatility were evident in a wide range of roles in memorable films such as "Come and Get It," "Kentucky," and "The Westerner." Additionally, his portrayal in the sitcom "The Real McCoys" showcased his enduring popularity and talent on television.

Arthur Schopenhauer, the German philosopher, is renowned for his significant work "The World as Will and Representation." He introduced an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that rejected German idealism in favor of transcendental idealism. Schopenhauer was one of the earliest Western philosophers to adopt elements of Indian philosophy, including asceticism and the negation of self. His philosophical outlook was marked by pessimism and left a lasting impact on numerous fields. His thoughts on aesthetics, morality, and psychology remain influential among scholars and artists.

Virgil, also known as Publius Vergilius Maro, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is renowned for his three major works in Latin literature: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. While some minor poems were attributed to him in ancient times, modern scholars question their authenticity. Virgil's influence on Western literature is profound, with his Aeneid being regarded as the national epic of ancient Rome. He is considered one of Rome's greatest poets and has left a lasting impact on literary works such as Dante's Divine Comedy.

Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet, was a Scottish novelist, poet, and historian recognized for his significant contributions to European and Scottish literature. He successfully combined a legal career with his literary pursuits, holding positions in the legal field while making a name for himself as a writer. Scott was actively involved in Edinburgh's Tory circles and held positions in esteemed societies such as the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. His expertise in history and literature allowed him to innovate the historical novel genre, influencing European Romanticism.

Tommy DeVito was a prominent American musician known for his role as a founding member, vocalist, and lead guitarist of the iconic rock band, the Four Seasons. His talent and contributions were crucial in shaping the band's unique sound and success. DeVito's skills as a guitarist and vocalist were instrumental in establishing the Four Seasons as one of the most popular and influential groups in the music industry. His professional legacy remains influential among fans and fellow musicians.

Chief Joseph, a key leader of the Nez Perce tribe in the 19th century, demonstrated exceptional strategic abilities and resilience when resisting the U.S. government's efforts to remove his band from their ancestral lands. Despite facing significant challenges during the Nez Perce War, Joseph and his people garnered respect for their actions. His surrender eventually brought an end to the conflict, leading to his relocation to different reservations until his death. Chief Joseph's enduring legacy as a humanitarian and peacemaker remains a significant part of American Indian history.

Alice Margaret Ghostley was a versatile American actress and singer, known for her work on stage, film, and television. She gained widespread recognition for her memorable roles as the bumbling witch Esmeralda on Bewitched, Cousin Alice on Mayberry R.F.D., and Bernice Clifton on Designing Women. Ghostley also showcased her talent on shows like Nichols and The Julie Andrews Hour. Her performance as Bernice Clifton earned her an Emmy nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 1992.

Sid Haig was an American actor known for his iconic roles in horror films, particularly as Captain Spaulding in Rob Zombie's movies. He also portrayed the villain Dragos in the TV series Jason of Star Command and appeared in numerous popular television programs spanning from the 1960s to the 1980s. Additionally, Haig had roles in several blaxploitation films directed by Jack Hill during the 1970s. His contributions to horror cinema and television made him a recognized figure in the entertainment industry.

Jaco Pastorius was an influential American jazz bassist, composer, and producer known for his innovative bass playing style. He recorded albums as a solo artist and with bands like Weather Report, collaborating with notable artists such as Pat Metheny and Joni Mitchell. Pastorius' bass style featured funk influences, fretless bass technique, lyrical solos, bass chords, and groundbreaking use of harmonics. Despite facing challenges related to drug addiction and mental health issues, his legacy in the jazz world remains celebrated.

Giovanni Boccaccio, an influential Italian writer and poet in the fourteenth century, was renowned for his experimental and versatile writing style. His works, including "The Decameron" and "On Famous Women," had a significant impact on the Italian literary tradition. Boccaccio is considered one of the greatest European prose writers of his time, alongside Dante Alighieri and Petrarch, forming the "Three Crowns" of Italian literature. His influence extended beyond Italy, inspiring notable authors such as Chaucer, Cervantes, and Lope de Vega.

Harry Carey II was an American actor known for his iconic roles as a Western hero in silent films. He was a prominent figure in the early days of Hollywood cinema, earning recognition for his powerful and authentic performances. Carey's career reached a peak with his memorable portrayal of the president of the United States Senate in the acclaimed drama film "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington," a role that garnered him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

Willie Garson, an American actor, had a prolific career appearing in numerous films and TV episodes. He gained recognition for his roles as Stanford Blatch in Sex and the City and its related projects, Mozzie in White Collar, Ralph in Little Manhattan, Gerard Hirsch in Hawaii Five-0, and Martin Lloyd in Stargate SG-1. With over 75 films and 300 TV episodes to his credit, Garson was known for his versatile acting skills and memorable performances across various genres and platforms.

Benjamin Graham was an influential financial analyst and investor known as the "father of value investing." He co-authored important texts on the subject, emphasizing independent thinking, emotional detachment, and careful security analysis. Graham founded a successful mutual fund and taught investing at Columbia Business School and UCLA Anderson School of Management. His teachings influenced the establishment of value investing in different investment vehicles and were a key factor in the development of security analysis as a profession. Notably, successful investors like Warren Buffett were inspired by Graham's ideas.

Michael Lonsdale, a renowned French actor and author, was celebrated for his versatile performances in more than 180 films and television shows. He gained global acclaim for his roles in various English-speaking productions, such as playing the villain Hugo Drax in the James Bond film Moonraker, the detective Claude Lebel in The Day of the Jackal, The Abbot in The Name of the Rose, and Dupont d'Ivry in The Remains of the Day. Lonsdale was known for his ability to portray complex characters with depth and authenticity on screen.

Leonid Ivanovich Rogozov, a Soviet general practitioner, took part in the sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition from 1960-1961. In April 1961, while stationed at Novolazarevskaya Station, he faced appendicitis and had to conduct an emergency appendectomy on himself due to being the sole medical professional on site. His self-surgery demonstrated his outstanding medical abilities, swift decision-making, and steadfast commitment to his responsibilities, highlighting him as a brave and resourceful healthcare provider.

Jackie Stallone was a multifaceted professional known for her work as an astrologer, dancer, and wrestling promoter. With a diverse skill set, she made a name for herself in various fields. As an astrologer, she offered insights and predictions to clients seeking guidance. Her expertise in dance and promotion also contributed to her successful career. Stallone's ability to excel in different areas showcased her versatility and dedication to her craft, leaving a lasting impact on those she worked with.

Robert Benchley was a celebrated American humorist known for his witty newspaper columns and film performances. He rose to prominence through his humorous essays in publications such as Vanity Fair and The New Yorker, where his distinctive style stood out. Benchley's work at The New Yorker had a significant impact on contemporary humorists. He also achieved success in Hollywood with his award-winning short film "How to Sleep," and made notable acting appearances in films like Alfred Hitchcock's "Foreign Correspondent" and Walt Disney's "The Reluctant Dragon."

Boz Burrell was an English musician recognized for his work as a vocalist and bassist. He was notably the vocalist and bassist for King Crimson from 1971 to 1972 before becoming the original bassist of Bad Company in 1973. Burrell remained with Bad Company until 1982 and later reunited with the original line-up from 1998 to 1999. His professional career was defined by his significant contributions to these well-known bands until his passing in 2006.

Hong Taiji, the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty, became the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty. He strengthened the empire built by his father Nurhaci and readied it for the eventual overthrow of the Ming dynasty. Renaming the Jurchens as "Manchu" and his dynasty as "Great Qing," Hong Taiji oversaw important political and cultural changes that set the stage for the future triumphs of the Qing dynasty.

Carl "The Cuban," also known as Carl Ruiz, was a well-known figure in the culinary world as an American restaurant owner and celebrity chef. He gained fame for his culinary expertise and vibrant personality. As a judge on popular US cooking competition TV shows like Guy's Grocery Games on Food Network, Ruiz became widely recognized. Through his passion for food and dedication to his craft, he made a lasting impact on the industry with his culinary skills and entertaining presence on television.

Shawty Lo, born Carlos Rico Walker, was an American rapper known for his contributions to Southern hip hop. He rose to fame as a member of the group D4L, achieving national success with their hit single "Laffy Taffy." After founding D4L Records, Shawty Lo pursued a solo career, releasing his debut album "Units in the City" in 2008. Tragically, his career was cut short when he passed away in a car accident in 2016. Despite his untimely death, his second album, "R.I.C.O.," was released posthumously in 2017.

Diana Sands was a talented American actress known for her impactful performances on both stage and screen. She gained recognition for her portrayal of Beneatha Younger in A Raisin in the Sun, a role that showcased her depth and skill. Sands also made notable appearances in various television series and films, earning nominations for both Tony and Emmy Awards. With a diverse range of roles and a strong presence in the entertainment industry during the 1960s and 1970s, Sands left a lasting legacy as a respected and accomplished actress.

Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar was a Chilean economist, politician, and diplomat recognized for his contributions during Salvador Allende's presidency. After being exiled from Chile, he assumed academic roles in Washington, D.C. Letelier played a significant role in promoting democracy and human rights in Chile, ultimately resulting in his assassination in 1976 by agents of the Pinochet regime's secret police. His career exemplified a dedication to social justice and political reform.

Kenji Miyazawa was a renowned Japanese novelist, poet, and writer of children's literature. He is best known for works such as Night on the Galactic Railroad, Kaze no Matasaburō, Gauche the Cellist, and The Night of Taneyamagahara. Apart from his literary accomplishments, Miyazawa was also an agricultural science teacher, vegetarian, cellist, devout Buddhist, and utopian social activist. He converted to Nichiren Buddhism, established the Rasu Farmers Association to support peasants, and had a keen interest in Esperanto. His poetry, translated into numerous languages, gained widespread popularity after his passing, leading to the opening of a museum dedicated to his works in 1982.

Luisa Spagnoli left a lasting impact on the fashion and confectionery industries as the founder of the well-known women's clothing and chocolate brand, Perugina. Her creation of Baci Perugina garnered global recognition and was effectively promoted in various countries, including the United States. Through her entrepreneurial drive and creative designs, Spagnoli's brands achieved remarkable success, highlighting her remarkable talent in both fashion and confectionery on an international level.

Princess Marie Bonaparte was a respected French author and psychoanalyst who had a close association with Sigmund Freud. Her contributions to the field of psychoanalysis were significant, and her wealth played a crucial role in enabling Freud to escape Nazi Germany. Throughout her professional life, she dedicated herself to advancing the understanding and practice of psychoanalysis, establishing herself as a respected figure in the field.

Armand Călinescu was a notable Romanian economist and politician who briefly held the position of the 39th Prime Minister before being assassinated. He was recognized for his firm resistance against the fascist Iron Guard and is thought to have had considerable influence during King Carol II's dictatorship. Despite surviving various assassination attempts, Călinescu was tragically killed in an attack orchestrated by Iron Guard members with support from Germany. His professional legacy was characterized by a resolute dedication to defending democratic principles and opposing fascist beliefs.

Ven. Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera was a renowned Sri Lankan Buddhist speaker who led debates against Christians in different areas, including Baddegama, Udanwita, Waragoda, Liyanagemulla, Gampola, and Panadura. His participation in these debates sparked a revival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. Through his compelling arguments and eloquence, he defended and promoted Buddhist beliefs, leaving a lasting influence on the country's religious scene.

Sigmund Jähn was a German pilot, cosmonaut, and Generalmajor in the National People's Army of the GDR. In 1978, he became the first German to venture into space as part of the Soviet Union's Interkosmos program. Throughout his career, Jähn excelled in aviation and space exploration, demonstrating his unwavering dedication and expertise in the aerospace sector. His contributions as a cosmonaut and military leader underscored his exceptional leadership abilities and his steadfast commitment to advancing scientific pursuits.

Napoleon Chagnon was an influential American cultural anthropologist known for his research among the Yanomamö tribe in the Amazon. He utilized an evolutionary approach to analyze social behavior through genetic relatedness, particularly focusing on violence within tribal societies. His renowned 1967 ethnography, "Yanomamö: The Fierce People," delved into these topics and achieved widespread popularity. Chagnon was recognized as a pioneering figure in scientific anthropology, although his theories on the roots of violence sparked controversy. His significant contributions to understanding tribal dynamics have had a lasting impact on the field.

Abraham Flexner was an influential American educator known for his pivotal role in reforming medical and higher education in the United States and Canada in the 20th century. He founded and directed a college-preparatory school in Louisville, Kentucky before publishing a critical assessment of the American educational system in 1908. This led to the Carnegie Foundation commissioning a comprehensive evaluation of medical schools, resulting in the groundbreaking Flexner Report in 1910. Flexner also co-founded the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, fostering collaboration among leading intellectuals for groundbreaking research.

Otto Grotewohl was a prominent German politician known for his role as the first prime minister of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). He began his political career in the Free State of Brunswick as a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Grotewohl later led the SPD's merger with the Communist Party to form the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). He played a key role in the establishment of the GDR in 1949 and served as the head of government until his passing in 1964.

George Read was an American politician from Delaware who played a significant role in the founding of the United States. He served as a Continental Congressman, delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, president of Delaware, and member of the Federalist Party. Read also held positions as a U.S. Senator from Delaware and chief justice of Delaware. As a Founding Father, he signed four key documents including the Petition to the King, Continental Association, Declaration of Independence, and Constitution of the United States.

Dingiri Banda Wijetunga was the fourth President of Sri Lanka, serving from 1993 to 1994. Before this role, he was the Prime Minister from 1989 to 1993. Prior to his national leadership positions, he held the position of Governor of the North Western province in Sri Lanka. In 1993, Wijetunga was honored with Sri Lanka's highest civilian award, Sri Lankabhimanya, in recognition of his contributions. Throughout his career, he displayed a strong commitment to public service and played a significant role in the Sri Lankan government.

Emanuel Schikaneder, a versatile German theater figure, was known for his work as an impresario, dramatist, actor, singer, and composer. He is most renowned for writing the libretto for Mozart's opera The Magic Flute and for establishing the Theater an der Wien. Collaborating with notable composers like Salieri, Haydn, and Beethoven, he was recognized for his exceptional talent in the theater world. Peter Branscombe described him as one of the most skilled and accomplished individuals in the theatrical realm of his time.

Edward Arthur Milne was a distinguished British astrophysicist and mathematician who made notable contributions to the fields of stellar atmospheres, radiative transfer, and cosmology. He developed the theory of radiative equilibrium in stellar atmospheres, which is now known as the Milne-Eddington model. Additionally, Milne proposed the Milne model in cosmology as a static universe solution to Einstein's equations. His work significantly enhanced our comprehension of star structure and evolution, as well as the general structure of the universe.

Margaret Atieno Ogola was a renowned Kenyan Catholic novelist recognized for her notable works, which included The River and the Source and its sequel, I Swear by Apollo. In addition to her successful writing career, she also served as a paediatrician and the medical director of Cottolengo Hospice, a specialized facility focused on providing care for HIV and AIDS orphans. Ogola's literary achievements were highlighted by the critical acclaim she received, with her debut novel earning her the prestigious Commonwealth Writers' Prize for best first book in the Africa Region. She continued to make significant contributions to literature, culminating in her final book, Mandate of the People, which was finished prior to her passing.

Henry Koster was a highly productive film director from Germany who made significant contributions to Hollywood cinema. Over the course of his extensive career, Koster helmed a diverse array of films spanning multiple genres such as romantic comedies, musicals, and dramas. His storytelling prowess and talent for eliciting compelling performances from actors were widely acknowledged. Koster's films were distinguished by his meticulous attention to detail and his knack for crafting visually striking scenes that mesmerized audiences globally.

Robert L. Forward was an American physicist and science fiction writer known for his scientific credibility and innovative ideas derived from his aerospace engineering background. His literary works were characterized by their scientific accuracy and imaginative concepts. Forward also made significant contributions to gravitational wave detection research, further solidifying his reputation as a respected figure in the scientific community. His multifaceted career encompassed a unique blend of theoretical research, engineering expertise, and creative storytelling, leaving a lasting impact on both the scientific and literary worlds.

Ahmed ʻUrabi, an Egyptian military officer, became the first political and military leader in Egypt from the peasantry. He led the ʻUrabi revolt against Khedive Tewfik's administration to challenge foreign influence in Egypt. While serving in Tewfik's cabinet, he introduced reforms in the military and civil sectors. British intervention after unrest in Alexandria resulted in his capture, exile to British Ceylon, and the establishment of British control in Egypt.

Bernardo Alberto Houssay, an Argentine physiologist, conducted pioneering research on the influence of pituitary hormones on animal glucose levels. His work greatly advanced our knowledge of how hormones regulate metabolism. In 1947, Houssay's remarkable contributions to science were acknowledged with the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, marking him as the first Latin American to be bestowed with this esteemed award in the scientific realm. His groundbreaking research continues to shape the fields of endocrinology and metabolism.

Kurt Adler was a renowned Austrian-American conductor, chorusmaster, author, and pianist. He made a name for himself as the principal conductor and chorus master at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for thirty years. His influence extended to leading orchestras in Europe, North America, Canada, and Mexico, highlighting his diverse musical abilities. Adler's impact on the classical music realm was substantial, with his role at the Metropolitan Opera establishing him as a highly esteemed figure in the field.

Michel Brault was a prominent Canadian filmmaker known for his significant contributions to Direct Cinema. He played a crucial role in shaping the French branch of the National Film Board of Canada during the 1960s and was recognized as a pioneer of the hand-held camera aesthetic, revolutionizing the visual style of documentary filmmaking. His work left a lasting impact on the industry, solidifying his reputation as a leading figure in the world of cinema.

Rigoberto López Pérez was a prominent Nicaraguan poet, artist, and composer celebrated for his creative contributions to the arts. He became well-known for assassinating Anastasio Somoza García, the dictator of Nicaragua. This act led to his recognition as a National Hero by the Sandinista government of Nicaragua, honoring his important role in the country's history. Throughout his career, López Pérez demonstrated artistic excellence and courage in standing against political oppression, leaving a lasting imprint on Nicaragua's cultural and political scene.

Flavius Aëtius was a Roman general and statesman known for his strategic leadership during the final years of the Western Roman Empire. He played a crucial role in defending the Empire against barbarian attacks and famously commanded a large Roman and allied army in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains in 451, successfully stopping Attila's invasion of Gaul. Aëtius is celebrated as a key figure in safeguarding the Western Empire, earning him the title of "Last of the Romans."

Xavier Zubiri was a prominent Spanish philosopher linked with the Madrid School, alongside influential thinkers such as José Ortega y Gasset, José Gaos, and Julián Marías. His philosophy, known as "materialist open realism," aimed to update classical metaphysics by connecting it with current scientific knowledge. Zubiri sought to reconcile traditional metaphysical ideas with modern scientific thought, making his work significant for both philosophical discussions and scientific investigations.

Paul Reynaud was a French politician and lawyer recognized for his economic liberalism and strong opposition to Nazi Germany. He was the Prime Minister of the Third Republic in the early stages of World War II, where he resisted German occupation and declined to endorse an armistice. Despite being incarcerated by the Vichy regime, he later returned to French political activities, supporting a United States of Europe and participating in the drafting of the Fifth Republic's constitution.

Molly Yard was the 8th president of the National Organization for Women and a prominent American feminist and social activist. Initially involved in Democratic Party politics, she later co-founded Americans for Democratic Action. Yard received the Feminist Majority Foundation's lifetime achievement award for her contributions and actively supported labor and civil rights movements throughout her career. Her professional life was marked by dedication to advancing feminist causes and advocating for social justice.

Greg Lee was a versatile athlete who excelled in both basketball and volleyball. He made a name for himself as a skilled point guard for the UCLA Bruins, contributing to their consecutive national championships in 1972 and 1973. Lee also had professional stints in the ABA and NBA before playing in West Germany. In volleyball, he achieved great success alongside Jim Menges, securing a record-setting 13 consecutive beach volleyball titles. Lee's accomplishments earned him a place in the California Beach Volleyball Association's hall of fame.

Jan Pieterszoon Coen was a significant figure in the Dutch East India Company during the early 17th century. He served as governor-general of the Dutch East Indies for two terms and was responsible for establishing Batavia as the capital of the Dutch East Indies. Coen played a crucial role in ensuring the dominance of the VOC in the region by using harsh tactics to secure a trade monopoly on nutmeg, mace, and clove. While initially celebrated as a national hero, his legacy has become controversial due to the extreme violence he authorized in pursuit of his economic objectives.

Robert Lowie made significant contributions to the field of modern anthropology, particularly through his expertise on Indigenous peoples of the Americas. His work has had a lasting impact on the discipline and he is recognized as a key figure in the history of anthropology.

Peter Vogel was a prolific German film actor, with a career spanning from 1954 to 1978. He appeared in over 60 films during this time, showcasing his talent and versatility on the screen. Vogel's performances captivated audiences with his skillful portrayals of various characters. His contribution to the film industry left a lasting impact, solidifying his reputation as a respected and talented actor. Vogel's work continues to be celebrated and remembered by fans and colleagues alike.

Victor Démé was a talented Burkinabé musician and singer-songwriter known for his unique blend of traditional African music with modern influences. He gained recognition for his soulful vocals and skilled guitar playing, captivating audiences with his heartfelt performances. Démé's music resonated with listeners, reflecting themes of love, life, and social issues. Despite facing challenges in his career, he persevered and continued to create music that touched the hearts of many. His legacy lives on through his impactful contributions to the music industry.

Anthony Comstock was an American anti-vice activist and United States Postal Inspector, known for his work as the secretary of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice (NYSSV). He dedicated himself to upholding Christian morality and opposed various vices including obscene literature, abortion, contraception, masturbation, gambling, prostitution, and patent medicine. Comstock led an extensive censorship campaign, making numerous arrests for obscenity and gambling using his positions in the U.S. Postal Service and the NYSSV. He also worked to suppress fraudulent banking schemes, mail swindles, and medical quackery.

Andrew II of Hungary reigned as King of Hungary and Croatia from 1205 to 1235. He encountered opposition from nobles and disputes with neighboring rulers during his rule. Andrew implemented new land grant policies and became the first Hungarian monarch to adopt the title "King of Halych and Lodomeria." He took part in the Fifth Crusade, which ultimately ended in failure. Andrew's issuance of the Golden Bull of 1222 solidified the rights and privileges of royal officials, contributing to the empowerment of the Hungarian nobility.

Kokichi Mikimoto was a pioneering Japanese entrepreneur who created the first cultured pearl and established the cultured pearl industry through his luxury pearl company Mikimoto. He was recognized for his innovative contributions and posthumously honored with prestigious awards and accolades, including induction into the House of Peers and receiving the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure. His legacy extends to Mikimoto Pharmaceuticals and Mikimoto Pearl Island, while his patented work on the "Phoenix Mikimoto Crown" is renowned in beauty products and pageant crowns worldwide.

Sven Hassel, a Danish author who wrote under the pen name Sven Hazel, gained fame for his novels portraying the lives of German soldiers in World War II. Although he claimed to be a Wehrmacht veteran, investigations later revealed that his stories were fictional. Despite this scandal, his books were widely popular, making him one of the best-selling Danish authors. However, his false military claims and involvement in criminal activities ultimately tarnished his professional reputation.

François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers was a prominent French general who served during the Revolutionary Wars. Known for his strategic brilliance and tactical acumen, Marceau rose through the ranks to become a respected military leader. He demonstrated exceptional leadership skills on the battlefield, earning him a reputation for courage and determination. Marceau was instrumental in several key victories for the French army, showcasing his ability to inspire and command troops effectively. His contributions to the Revolutionary Wars solidified his legacy as a skilled and dedicated general.

Karl Ludwig Hencke, a German amateur astronomer, is renowned for his discovery of minor planets. He worked as a post official and post master before retiring for health reasons. Following retirement, he resided in his hometown, where he served as a city court judge. Hencke identified two asteroids, 5 Astraea and 6 Hebe, using his private observatory by cross-referencing star maps with celestial observations through his telescope. Throughout his career, he also played a role in enhancing star maps.

Haakon VII of Norway had a background in the Royal Danish Navy before becoming the King of Norway in 1905 following the separation of Sweden and Norway. He accepted the crown after a plebiscite and formal election by the Storting. During his reign, Haakon mainly concentrated on his representative and ceremonial duties, refraining from involvement in politics. He garnered the support of the Norwegian people and played a vital part in opposing the Nazi occupation during World War II. Haakon ruled for almost 52 years until his passing in 1957.

Florence Griffith Joyner, also known as Flo-Jo, was an American track and field athlete who gained fame in the late 1980s for setting world records in the 100 m and 200 m sprints in 1988. She started her athletic journey early in life and continued to excel in track and field through college. Griffith Joyner won multiple Olympic medals and became well-known for her record-breaking performances and distinctive personal style. She also became a prominent figure in pop culture through endorsements and design work before retiring in 1989.

Frank Lentini was a celebrated sideshow performer known for having three legs. His captivating presence and remarkable showmanship drew crowds wherever he performed, making him a popular attraction in the world of circus and sideshow entertainment.

David Silva Guglielmeti was a prominent Mexican actor and occasional producer during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. Throughout his prolific career, he showcased his talent in over 100 films, establishing himself as a versatile and skilled performer. Notably, he received critical acclaim and industry recognition for his leading role in the film Champion Without a Crown (1946), earning the prestigious Ariel Award. Silva's contributions to Mexican cinema solidified his legacy as a respected figure in the entertainment industry.

The Right Rev. Carlos González Cruchaga was a prominent figure in the Roman Catholic Church. He was ordained as a priest in 1944 and later appointed as the Bishop of the Diocese of Talca. During his tenure, he played a key role in establishing the Universidad Catolica del Maule (UCM) in June 1991. Cruchaga served as the Bishop of Talca until his retirement in 1996, leaving a lasting impact on the religious and educational landscape in Chile.

Nils Bohlin, a Swedish mechanical engineer, is renowned for inventing the three-point safety belt, a pioneering safety feature in automobiles. While at Volvo, he created this life-saving device, dedicating his career to improving vehicle safety. Bohlin's innovative design transformed the automotive sector, notably decreasing the likelihood of injuries and deaths in car accidents globally. His contributions have made a lasting impression on road safety, safeguarding drivers and passengers and saving numerous lives.

Ben Cauley was an American trumpet player, vocalist, songwriter, and founding member of the Stax recording group, the Bar-Kays. He played a significant role in shaping the sound of soul music in the 1960s. Cauley's career reached a tragic moment in 1967 when he survived a plane crash that took the lives of soul legend Otis Redding and four of his bandmates. Despite this tragedy, Cauley continued to contribute to the music industry through his talents and dedication.

Henry de Montherlant was a distinguished French writer known for his insightful essays, novels, and plays. He was elected to the Académie française in 1960 in recognition of his literary contributions. Montherlant's works delved into intricate themes and human emotions with depth and sophistication, showcasing his dedication to artistic excellence and creating thought-provoking pieces. His impact on French literature is still revered and studied today.

Rudolf Baumbach was a German poet known for his narrative verse, particularly focusing on the scenery and life of Thuringia. He began his literary career after the success of his works published in Trieste, such as the Alpine legend Zlatorog and songs of a journeyman apprentice. Baumbach's poetic style was influenced by the informal vagabond school, and he gained popularity for his drinking songs and narrative poetry. He held the title of Hofrat and served as a ducal librarian in Meiningen for twenty years until his death.

Eugen Dühring was a German philosopher recognized for promoting positivism and critiquing Marxism. Originally trained as a lawyer, he transitioned to philosophy because of an eye condition that resulted in his blindness. Dühring was a productive writer, producing notable works like "Capital und Arbeit." Throughout his career, he made significant contributions to philosophy, drawing on his legal expertise and adopting a critical viewpoint towards Marxist thought.

Édouard-Gaston Daniel Deville was a pioneering figure in photogrammetry, known for developing a practical method to create maps using photography. He served as the Surveyor General of Canada and later as Canada's Director General for the Bureau of Surveys, making substantial contributions to mapping Canada's vast territories. Deville's advancements in phototopography allowed Canadian surveyors to map an impressive area, equivalent to the size of Ireland, highlighting his lasting influence on cartography.

Kofi Awoonor, a renowned Ghanaian poet, author, and diplomat, was known for his unique fusion of Ewe poetic traditions with contemporary and religious symbolism. He started his writing career using the name George Awoonor-Williams and also wrote under the name Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor. Awoonor served as a respected professor of African literature at the University of Ghana, where he imparted his knowledge and love for literature to students. Tragically, he was one of the victims of the September 2013 attack at the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, during his participation in the Storymoja Hay Festival.

Paul Alfons von Metternich-Winneburg was a prominent figure in the world of motorsports, serving as a German-Austrian racing driver and later taking on key leadership roles within the sport's governing bodies. He notably held the position of President of the Commission Sportive Internationale (CSI) before assuming the presidency of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) in 1975. His contributions to the regulation and development of international motorsport were significant, shaping the direction of the sport during his tenure at the helm of these organizations.

Henri Nouwen, a Dutch Catholic priest and theologian, had diverse interests in psychology, pastoral ministry, spirituality, social justice, and community. He taught at renowned institutions such as the University of Notre Dame, Yale Divinity School, and Harvard Divinity School. Influenced by figures like Anton Boisen, Thomas Merton, Rembrandt, Vincent van Gogh, and Jean Vanier, he later focused on working with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities at the L'Arche Daybreak community in Richmond Hill, Ontario.

Nigel Patrick was an English actor and stage director known for his versatile performances on screen. In the late 1940s and 1950s, he gained recognition as a debonair leading man in British films, showcasing his ability to portray both heroes and villains with equal skill. He notably appeared in The Sound Barrier (1952), directed by David Lean. Patrick's career was marked by a range of roles that highlighted his talent and versatility as a performer in the entertainment industry.

Ruben James Kun was a prominent political figure from Nauru who served as the president of the Republic of Nauru. Throughout his career, he played a key role in shaping the political landscape of his nation. Kun's leadership was characterized by a commitment to promoting the interests of Nauru both domestically and on the international stage. Known for his dedication to public service, Ruben Kun was widely respected for his contributions to the development and progress of Nauru during his time in office.

Gu Long was a prominent figure in the Hong Kong and Taiwanese entertainment industry, known for his prolific work as a novelist, screenwriter, film producer, and director. His career was marked by a focus on writing wuxia novels and serials, with notable works such as Juedai Shuangjiao, Xiaoli Feidao Series, Chu Liuxiang Series, Lu Xiaofeng Series, and The Eleventh Son. Many of his works were successfully adapted into films and television series, showcasing his enduring influence on the genre. In the 1980s, he established his own film studio, Bao Sian, to further bring his literary creations to life on screen.

Ernest Fenollosa was an American art historian known for his significant contributions to the study and preservation of traditional Japanese art. Serving as a professor of philosophy and political economy at Tokyo Imperial University, he played a crucial role in the modernization of Japan during the Meiji Era. Fenollosa's deep interest in Oriental art and culture led him to become an influential educator, advocating for the importance of preserving Japanese artistic heritage and promoting cross-cultural understanding through his work and teachings.

Sophia of Halshany played a crucial role in Polish and Lithuanian royalty as the Queen consort of Poland. Her marriage to Jogaila strengthened the ties between the two kingdoms and laid the foundation for the Jagiellonian dynasty. Through her influence, Sophia contributed to the stability and prosperity of the realm, leaving a lasting legacy that endured through the generations.

Pope Conon was elected as the bishop of Rome in 686 and served until his passing in 687. He was chosen as a compromise candidate to settle disputes among factions in Rome. Conon was recognized for his dignified demeanor, humble nature, and close relationship with Emperor Justinian II. During his papacy, Conon consecrated the Irish missionary St. Kilian and sent him to evangelize in Franconia. Additionally, the emperor granted Conon favorable treatment by waiving certain taxes and obligations owed by the papal patrimonies.

Gerolamo Cardano, an Italian polymath of the Renaissance era, made significant contributions across various fields including mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, and astrology. He played a key role in the development of probability theory by introducing binomial coefficients and the binomial theorem. Additionally, Cardano invented mechanical devices such as the combination lock, gimbal, and Cardan shaft. He also advanced the study of hypocycloids and algebra, pioneering the systematic use of negative numbers and acknowledgment of imaginary numbers in European mathematics.

Richard Fitzalan, 4th Earl of Arundel, was a prominent figure in English history known for his leadership on the battlefield. As a skilled military commander, he played a vital role in various campaigns and battles, demonstrating strategic prowess and valor. He held significant titles and honors, including being a Knight of the Garter, which reflected his esteemed position in society. Throughout his professional life, Richard Fitzalan, 4th Earl of Arundel, distinguished himself through his military achievements and unwavering commitment to serving his country.

Charles Reginald Jackson was an American writer known for his work in the mid-20th century. His most notable achievement was the publication of the 1944 novel The Lost Weekend, which explored themes of alcoholism and addiction. Jackson's writing style was characterized by its raw honesty and psychological insight, earning him critical acclaim. He was regarded as a prominent voice in American literature during his time, and his works continue to be studied and appreciated for their profound exploration of human nature and societal issues.

Lord George Bentinck was an influential English Conservative politician and racehorse owner. He is best known for his collaboration with Benjamin Disraeli to oppose Sir Robert Peel's stance on the Corn Laws, which ultimately led to Peel's resignation. Bentinck's political career was marked by his commitment to protecting the interests of the agricultural sector and advocating for tariff protection. In addition to his political endeavors, he was a successful racehorse owner, further showcasing his passion for both politics and equestrian pursuits.

Frank Hornby, an English inventor, businessman, and politician, made notable contributions to the toy industry. Despite not having formal engineering training, he developed iconic toys like Meccano, Hornby Model Railways, and Dinky Toys inspired by engineering principles. In 1908, he established the British toy company Meccano Ltd and later pursued a career in politics as a Conservative MP. Hornby's inventions brought him wealth in the 1930s, and his legacy endures as enthusiasts globally appreciate his toys.

Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson was a pioneering American writer and entrepreneur in the pulp magazine industry, recognized for his significant contributions to the American comic book industry. He was the founder of National Allied Publications in 1935, a company that eventually transformed into the well-known DC Comics. Wheeler-Nicholson is celebrated for publishing the first comic book periodical featuring original content, rather than reprints of newspaper comic strips. His legacy includes bridging the gap between classic pulp magazines and modern comics. In 2008, he was posthumously honored with induction into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame.

Corrado Gaipa was a renowned Italian actor and voice actor known for his significant contributions to Italian cinema and the dubbing industry. He received praise for his portrayal of Don Tommasino in the classic movie, The Godfather. Gaipa's diverse talents enabled him to shine in a variety of roles, demonstrating his versatility as an actor. Throughout his successful career in on-screen acting and voice dubbing, Gaipa made a lasting impression on the entertainment world through his memorable work.

Viktor Rydberg was a renowned Swedish writer recognized for his significant contributions to literature and membership in the Swedish Academy from 1877 to 1895. He was considered a classical idealist and earned the title of "Sweden's last Romantic." By 1859, Rydberg had achieved acclaim as a novelist and his professional life was marked by a lasting impact on Swedish literature, solidifying his reputation as one of the nation's foremost novelists.

Rocco Rock, also known as "Flyboy" Rocco Rock, was a prominent American professional wrestler who rose to fame in the 1990s. He gained widespread recognition for his tag team partnership with Johnny Grunge, collectively known as the Public Enemy, in promotions like ECW, WCW, and WWF. Rocco Rock achieved significant success during his career, holding multiple tag team championships including the ECW World Tag Team Championship, WCW World Tag Team Championship, and NWA World Tag Team Championship. His contributions to the wrestling industry left a lasting impact on fans and fellow wrestlers alike.

Tarachand Barjatya was an Indian film producer known for producing numerous Hindi films from the 1960s to the 1980s. He founded Rajshri Productions, which remains active in the industry. Specializing in family-oriented films that emphasized traditional values, he created a legacy with notable movies such as Dosti, Jeevan Mrityu, Uphaar, and Chitchor. His contributions to the Indian film industry continue to be appreciated, and his grandson Sooraj R. Barjatya and granddaughter Kavita K. Barjatya carry on his cinematic legacy.

Antoine Meillet was a renowned French linguist in the early 20th century, influenced by prominent figures like Michel Bréal and Ferdinand de Saussure. He conducted research on various languages, notably Armenian and Old Slavonic, and made significant contributions to comparative linguistics. Meillet held academic positions at institutions such as the Collège de France and the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales. He mentored a generation of linguists, including notable names like Émile Benveniste and Georges Dumézil, leaving a lasting impact on French linguistics. Moreover, Meillet co-founded the Revue des études slaves in 1921.

Manuel Montt was a distinguished Chilean statesman and scholar who held the presidency of Chile twice from 1851 to 1861. He was renowned for his focus on education and public administration, introducing substantial reforms such as the creation of a national education system and the enhancement of legal and administrative frameworks. Montt significantly contributed to the economic advancement of Chile and was celebrated for his dedication to fostering progress and ensuring stability within the country.

Claus Holm, a respected German film actor, left a lasting legacy through his work in over 50 films from 1943 to 1979. He was known for his versatility and skill in portraying a wide range of characters across different genres. Holm's dedication to his craft and his ability to bring depth and authenticity to his roles garnered him recognition and praise in the film industry. His contributions to German cinema have solidified his reputation as an accomplished and respected actor.

Alastair Reid, a Scottish poet, was celebrated for his whimsical poetry style and deep knowledge of South American literature. His translations of renowned South American poets like Pablo Neruda and Jorge Luis Borges left a lasting impact on the literary landscape. Beyond poetry, Reid also excelled as a teacher and writer for The New Yorker, showcasing his diverse talents in writing, teaching, and fostering cross-cultural understanding through his translations and literary pursuits.

Princess Alexandra of Bavaria was a German princess known for her work as a writer. She was esteemed for her literary contributions, which showcased her talent and creativity. Her professional life was characterized by a dedication to the written word, as she crafted engaging and thought-provoking pieces that resonated with readers. Through her writing, she left a lasting impact on the literary world, establishing herself as a respected figure in the realm of German literature.

François de Bonne, Duc de Lesdiguières, was a renowned French soldier celebrated for his leadership during the French Wars of Religion. He advanced to the position of Constable of France and was among the select few Marshals to hold the esteemed title of Marshal General of France. His tactical acumen and military triumphs firmly established him as a capable commander. Lesdiguières' contributions were instrumental in molding France's military environment during a turbulent era in its history.

Hamdi Benani was a celebrated Algerian singer and musician who made notable contributions to the music industry. Known for his powerful vocals and distinctive musical style, he captivated audiences throughout his career. Benani was recognized for his skill in blending traditional Algerian music with contemporary influences, creating a unique sound that resonated with listeners. His passion for music was evident in his performances, solidifying his reputation as a respected artist in the Algerian music landscape. Today, his work remains a source of inspiration for musicians globally.

Sigurður Nordal was a distinguished Icelander writer, scholar, and academic known for his contributions to Icelandic literature and medieval studies. His work often focused on Old Norse literature and the preservation of Icelandic cultural heritage. Nordal's scholarly research and literary analysis helped illuminate the historical and literary significance of Icelandic sagas and manuscripts. His dedication to the study of Icelandic history and literature has left a lasting impact on the field, preserving and celebrating Icelandic cultural traditions.

Joseph Rodman Drake was a prominent American poet known for his contributions to the literary scene of the early 19th century. He co-authored the satirical and humorous poem "The Croakers" with his friend Fitz-Greene Halleck. Drake also played a vital role in the development of American literature through his works, which often showcased his wit and creativity. His poetry was well-received during his time and continues to be studied and appreciated for its literary significance today.