Diplomats

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was a notable American political figure, diplomat, and activist. She held the longest tenure as first lady of the United States during her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. Through her travels, public engagements, and advocacy work, Roosevelt significantly influenced the role of first lady. Additionally, she represented the United States as a Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly, notably contributing to the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Even after her time in the White House, Roosevelt continued to be involved in politics and human rights advocacy until her passing.

Susan Rice is an accomplished American diplomat, policy advisor, and public official affiliated with the Democratic Party. She has held key roles in the U.S. government, serving as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, National Security Advisor, and Director of the United States Domestic Policy Council. Rice has been actively involved in shaping U.S. foreign policy, focusing on areas such as Africa, human rights, anti-poverty initiatives, climate change, and global security issues. Her career highlights include advocating for democratic transitions, supporting international agreements, defending Israel, and leading U.S. efforts on significant global challenges.

Kofi Annan, a Ghanaian diplomat, served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006. He joined the UN in 1962 and held various roles before becoming secretary-general. During his tenure, he focused on reforming the UN bureaucracy, combating HIV/AIDS, and launching the UN Global Compact. Annan faced criticism for issues like the Oil-for-Food Programme but was largely cleared of personal corruption. After his term, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation and undertook various international roles, including as a special representative for Syria and leading a commission on the Rohingya crisis.

Ban Ki-moon is a prominent South Korean politician and diplomat who served as the eighth secretary-general of the United Nations from 2007 to 2016. He made significant contributions during his tenure, including major reforms in peacekeeping and UN employment practices globally. Ban was actively involved in diplomatic efforts, advocating for issues such as global warming and the Darfur conflict. He has been recognized for his influence and leadership, being named one of the most powerful individuals in the world and receiving accolades for his efforts in global initiatives like the Paris Agreement and environmental sustainability.

António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres is a prominent Portuguese politician and diplomat. He has had a distinguished career, serving as the Secretary-General of the United Nations since 2017. Prior to this role, he was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002 and held the position of Secretary-General of the Socialist Party during the same period. Guterres has also served as the President of the Socialist International and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Zbigniew Brzezinski, a renowned Polish-American diplomat and political scientist, played pivotal roles as a counselor to Lyndon B. Johnson and as Jimmy Carter's National Security Advisor. He was instrumental in key foreign policy events, including normalizing relations with China, signing SALT II, brokering the Camp David Accords, and supporting dissidents in Eastern Europe. Brzezinski was a respected scholar in international relations, aligning with the realist school while also embracing elements of liberal idealism. He was commended for his strategic vision and his staunch anti-Soviet containment stance.

Samantha Power is an Irish-American journalist, diplomat, and government official. She served as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2013 to 2017 and is currently the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development. Power began her career as a war correspondent and later held various roles in academia and government, focusing on human rights, atrocities prevention, and international relations. She has received accolades for her work, including a Pulitzer Prize for her book on U.S. foreign policy response to genocide.

Dag Hammarskjöld was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in September 1961. During his time in office, he worked on enhancing the UN's internal and external capabilities, boosting morale and organizational effectiveness, and ensuring the organization's responsiveness to global challenges. Hammarskjöld played a key role in establishing the first UN peacekeeping missions in Egypt and the Congo, intervened in international crises, and was posthumously awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his dedication to promoting peace and diplomacy.

Boutros Boutros-Ghali was an Egyptian politician and diplomat known for serving as the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1992 to 1996. He had a background in international law and relations, having taught at Cairo University. Boutros-Ghali's political journey started under Anwar Sadat, where he contributed significantly to negotiations such as the Camp David Accords and the Egypt-Israel peace treaty. During his tenure as Secretary-General, he encountered various global challenges, including the Rwandan genocide and the Yugoslav Wars, which resulted in criticism and controversies.

Chiune Sugihara, a Japanese diplomat in Kaunas, Lithuania during World War II, defied orders to issue thousands of transit visas to Jewish refugees, enabling their escape through Japanese territory. Despite risking his career and family's safety, his courageous act was recognized by the State of Israel, naming him one of the Righteous Among the Nations, the only Japanese individual to receive this honor.

John Foster Dulles was a notable American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who held the position of United States secretary of state under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He influenced U.S. foreign policy during the early Cold War period by advocating a strong stance against communism globally. Dulles was instrumental in several important endeavors such as creating the Dawes Plan, serving as a primary foreign policy adviser, and structuring key treaties like the Treaty of San Francisco and the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty. He supported a policy of massive retaliation in reaction to Soviet aggression.

Kurt Waldheim was an Austrian politician and diplomat who held the position of the secretary-general of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981. Subsequently, he served as the president of Austria from 1986 to 1992. However, his career was overshadowed by controversy when it emerged during his 1986 election bid that he had worked as an intelligence officer in the Nazi German Wehrmacht in Greece and Yugoslavia during World War II, linking him to Nazi crimes.

George F. Kennan, an American diplomat and historian, was well-known for championing the strategy of containing Soviet expansion in the Cold War era. His significant writings, such as the "Long Telegram" and "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," were instrumental in shaping the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. While initially influential in shaping U.S. foreign policy, Kennan eventually became critical of its militaristic trajectory, which eventually led to his departure from the State Department. He continued to analyze international affairs as a critic and faculty member until his passing at age 101.

Paul Wolfowitz is an American political scientist and diplomat who has held prominent positions such as the 10th President of the World Bank, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia, and dean of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. He is known for advocating the Iraq War and has been labeled an architect of the conflict, although he later denied influencing policy on Iraq. Wolfowitz resigned from the World Bank presidency amidst a scandal involving alleged favoritism towards a romantic partner, and he remains a polarizing figure in American politics.

U Thant, a Burmese diplomat, was the third secretary-general of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971. He was the first non-Scandinavian to hold this position. Thant played a crucial role in mediating negotiations during the Cuban Missile Crisis and in integrating newly independent states into the UN. Known for his composed manner, he openly criticized U.S. actions during the Vietnam War. Thant declined a third term and retired in 1971, leaving a significant impact on international diplomacy.

Richard Holbrooke was a prominent American diplomat who held various high-ranking positions in the U.S. government. He served as the Assistant Secretary of State for both Asia and Europe, U.S. Ambassador to Germany, and later as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. Holbrooke played a key role in brokering the peace agreement in Bosnia, known as the Dayton Peace Accords. He was a top foreign policy adviser in presidential campaigns and worked extensively on issues related to Pakistan, Afghanistan, and refugee populations. His ambition was to become Secretary of State.

Zalmay Khalilzad is a distinguished American diplomat and foreign policy expert who has held key roles in the US government, such as serving as US ambassador to the United Nations, Afghanistan, and Iraq. He has played a crucial role in US foreign policy, particularly in Afghanistan reconciliation efforts, including brokering the US-Taliban deal and facilitating the final US withdrawal from Afghanistan. With a background in advising on international affairs and extensive experience in government service, Khalilzad has made significant contributions to US diplomacy.

Warren Christopher was a prominent American attorney and diplomat who held key government positions. He served as Deputy Attorney General under President Lyndon B. Johnson and Deputy Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter. Christopher chaired the Christopher Commission, investigating the Los Angeles Police Department. As Secretary of State under President Bill Clinton, he played a significant role in expanding NATO, brokering peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and negotiating the Dayton Agreement to end the Bosnian War. He later oversaw the Gore campaign's Florida recount effort following the disputed 2000 presidential election.

Folke Bernadotte was a Swedish nobleman and diplomat known for his important work during World War II and in the post-war period. He successfully negotiated the release of Danish Jews and non-Jewish prisoners from the Theresienstadt concentration camp under Nazi German occupation. In 1945, he received a surrender offer from Heinrich Himmler that was rejected by the allies. Bernadotte later served as the United Nations Security Council mediator in the Arab-Israeli conflict and was tragically assassinated in 1948 while carrying out his duties.

Trygve Halvdan Lie was a significant Norwegian politician, labor leader, government official, and author. He served as the Norwegian foreign minister during the government's exile in London from 1940 to 1945. Lie then became the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, holding the position from 1946 to 1952. His leadership and diplomatic abilities played a critical role in shaping the early years of the United Nations and advancing international cooperation and peace.

Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar was a Chilean economist, politician, and diplomat recognized for his contributions during Salvador Allende's presidency. After being exiled from Chile, he took on academic roles in Washington, D.C. Letelier was a key advocate for democracy and human rights in Chile and tragically met his demise in 1976 at the hands of agents from the Pinochet regime's secret police. His career underscored a strong dedication to social justice and political change.

Viscount Mori Arinori was a prominent figure during the Meiji period in Japan, known for his significant contributions to the modernization of the educational system. As the first Minister of Education in the Ito Cabinet, he played a crucial role in laying the foundation of Japan's educational system. Alongside Inoue Kowashi, Mori Arinori issued vital orders in 1886 that led to the establishment of elementary, middle, and normal school systems, as well as an imperial university system. His efforts were instrumental in Japan's modernization efforts during the Meiji era.

Antony Blinken is an American lawyer and diplomat who has held various important roles in the U.S. government. He served as deputy national security advisor and deputy secretary of state under President Obama. Blinken also had significant roles during the Clinton administration, advocating for the invasion of Iraq and working on foreign policy. He co-founded a consulting firm in the private sector before returning to government as a foreign policy advisor for Joe Biden's presidential campaign and later becoming the 71st U.S. Secretary of State.

John Bolton is an American attorney, diplomat, and political commentator known for his conservative and hawkish foreign policy views. He has held various high-ranking positions in the U.S. government, including serving as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations and as the National Security Advisor to President Donald Trump. Bolton has advocated for military action and regime change in several countries, and has been associated with the Republican Party and conservative think tanks like the American Enterprise Institute. He is also a bestselling author and a commentator on Fox News Channel.

J. Christopher Stevens was an American career diplomat and lawyer who served as the U.S. Ambassador to Libya. His tenure as ambassador was tragically cut short when he was killed during an attack on the U.S. Special Mission in Benghazi by members of Ansar al-Sharia. Stevens dedicated his professional life to diplomacy and international relations, representing the United States in a critical and complex region. His service and ultimate sacrifice highlight the challenges faced by diplomats working in high-risk environments.

Zheng He was a prominent Chinese admiral, explorer, diplomat, and bureaucrat of the early Ming dynasty. He led seven significant treasure voyages throughout Asia under the patronage of Emperors Yongle and Xuande. Zheng's impressive fleet included renowned large ships known for their size and capabilities. His rise in the Ming imperial ranks culminated in his appointment as the commander of Nanjing. Zheng's legacy is defined by his unwavering loyalty to the Yongle Emperor and his substantial contributions to enhancing Chinese naval power and diplomatic ventures.

Jean Kennedy Smith was a distinguished American diplomat, activist, humanitarian, and author. She notably served as the United States Ambassador to Ireland from 1993 to 1998, making significant contributions to the Northern Ireland peace process. Smith played a crucial role in securing a visa for Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams, which is thought to have influenced the Provisional IRA's decision to declare a ceasefire. Additionally, she founded Very Special Arts (VSA), a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting arts engagement for individuals with disabilities. In recognition of her advocacy efforts, Smith was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011.

Adlai Stevenson II was a prominent American politician and diplomat. He served as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 1961 until his passing in 1965. Stevenson was also the governor of Illinois and a Democratic presidential nominee in 1952 and 1956. Throughout his career, he held various roles in the federal government, including positions in the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Federal Alcohol Administration, Department of the Navy, and the State Department. Stevenson played a crucial role in establishing the United Nations and navigated significant international crises during his time as UN ambassador.

Washington Irving was a prominent American writer, diplomat, and historian during the early 19th century. He is renowned for his iconic short stories such as "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," along with his biographies of notable figures like George Washington and Muhammad. Irving's influence extended to his role as the American ambassador to Spain and as one of the earliest American authors to achieve acclaim in Europe. He was a key supporter of fellow writers, promoting writing as a reputable profession and advocating for stronger copyright laws.

John Gavin was an accomplished American actor and diplomat. He held the position of president at the Screen Actors Guild and went on to become the United States Ambassador to Mexico. Gavin starred in a number of well-known films such as A Time to Love and a Time to Die, Imitation of Life, Spartacus, Psycho, Midnight Lace, and Thoroughly Modern Millie. He showcased his versatility and acting talent by taking on leading roles in these movies for producer Ross Hunter, excelling in both dramatic and comedic performances.

Christiana Figueres is a Costa Rican diplomat who has led global policy negotiations, notably serving as Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC where she played a key role in revitalizing climate change discussions after COP15. She was instrumental in the development of the historic 2015 Paris Agreement. Figueres is an expert in climate change, energy, and sustainable development. She also co-founded Global Optimism, co-authored "The Future We Choose" with Tom Rivett-Carnac, and co-hosts the podcast "Outrage and Optimism."

Allen Dulles was a notable American lawyer who held the position of the first civilian Director of Central Intelligence, where he oversaw the CIA during the early Cold War period. He was involved in supervising significant operations including the Iranian and Guatemalan coup d'états, the U-2 aircraft program, the MKUltra mind control program, and the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Despite being dismissed by President Kennedy after the unsuccessful invasion of Cuba, Dulles later played a role in the Warren Commission's investigation into Kennedy's assassination. Numerous conspiracy theories linking Dulles and the CIA to the assassination have been widely discussed.

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was a prominent Indian freedom fighter, diplomat, and politician. She was the first woman to serve as the President of the United Nations General Assembly. Pandit also held the position of Governor of Maharashtra and played a significant role in the Indian independence movement, enduring multiple imprisonments. Her diplomatic career involved representing India in important international roles, including in London, where she contributed to shaping India-UK relations. Pandit's professional legacy is one of trailblazing achievements and dedicated service to her country.

Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. had a distinguished military career, holding high-ranking positions in the U.S. government. He served as a general in the U.S. Army, including roles as vice chief of staff and Supreme Allied Commander Europe. Haig later became White House chief of staff under Nixon and Ford, where he played a pivotal role in Nixon's resignation. He also served as Secretary of State under Reagan, focusing on international diplomacy. After retiring from the army, Haig pursued business ventures and made a bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 1988.

Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish architect, businessman, diplomat, and humanitarian, is renowned for his brave actions during the Holocaust. As Sweden's special envoy in Budapest, he rescued countless Jews from German Nazis and Hungarian fascists by issuing protective passports and offering shelter in Swedish-designated buildings. Despite his disappearance in 1945, Wallenberg's humanitarian legacy endures. He has been honored as Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem and was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his courageous deeds. Wallenberg also collaborated with the OSS, the precursor to the CIA, and is remembered for his nonviolent bravery.

Alger Hiss, an American government official, was instrumental in the founding of the United Nations in his roles at the US State Department and the UN. However, he faced accusations of spying for the Soviet Union during the 1930s. In 1950, despite the espionage statute of limitations having expired, Hiss was found guilty of perjury in connection to the allegations. After his conviction, he pursued a career as a lecturer and author, steadfastly asserting his innocence until his passing in 1996.

Dan Coats, an American politician, attorney, and diplomat, has held various significant positions during his career. He served as the Director of National Intelligence in the Trump administration from 2017 to 2019. Coats, a member of the Republican Party, represented Indiana in the United States Senate and House of Representatives. He also served as the United States Ambassador to Germany and worked as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C. Coats has been actively engaged in U.S. politics and intelligence matters for many years.

Daniel Patrick Moynihan was a notable American politician and diplomat who was a United States Senator for New York from 1977 to 2001. He served as an adviser to President Richard Nixon and held positions as the United States' ambassador to India and the United Nations. Moynihan also worked in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, concentrating on labor and poverty concerns. He was recognized for his independent approach to a range of policy issues, such as foreign policy, welfare reform, and trade agreements.

Andrew Young Jr. is a prominent American politician, diplomat, and activist recognized for his vital role in the civil rights movement. He held the position of executive director at the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and was a trusted ally of Martin Luther King Jr. Young transitioned to a political career, serving as a U.S. Congressman from Georgia, United States Ambassador to the United Nations, and Mayor of Atlanta. Notably, he achieved the milestone of being the first African American elected to Congress from Georgia since Reconstruction. Young remains active in public policy and political advocacy groups.

Bill Richardson was a notable American politician, author, and diplomat who held various high-profile positions in government. He served as the 30th governor of New Mexico, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, and energy secretary during the Clinton administration. Richardson also had a career as a U.S. congressman, chaired the 2004 Democratic National Convention, and was the chair of the Democratic Governors Association. He was involved in diplomatic efforts concerning North Korea and led successful humanitarian missions.

Sérgio Vieira de Mello was a committed Brazilian United Nations diplomat with more than 34 years of experience in humanitarian and political initiatives. He was instrumental in advancing sustainable peace, international security, and enhancing living standards in conflict-ridden areas. Regrettably, he was killed in the Canal Hotel bombing in Iraq while serving as the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and Special Representative for Iraq. Before his tragic passing, he was a widely admired figure and a potential contender for the role of UN Secretary-General.

Bull Connor was a Democratic American politician who served as Commissioner of Public Safety in Birmingham, Alabama for over two decades. He strongly opposed the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, enforcing racial segregation and denying civil rights to black citizens. Connor used tactics such as fire hoses and police attack dogs against activists, attracting worldwide attention. His actions during the Birmingham campaign of 1963 were instrumental in driving social and legal changes, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Sir Richard Francis Burton, a renowned British explorer, writer, orientalist scholar, and soldier, gained fame for his extensive travels and explorations across Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Noted for his exceptional linguistic abilities, he reportedly spoke 29 languages. His achievements include a journey to Mecca in disguise, translating the One Thousand and One Nights, publishing the Kama Sutra in English, and leading expeditions to Africa. Burton also critiqued British colonial policies in his works, despite facing career setbacks. His diverse career encompassed military service, exploration, and diplomatic roles in various countries.

John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower had a distinguished military career that extended before, during, and after his father's presidency. He retired from active duty in 1963 and later served as the United States Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971. Eisenhower made notable contributions to both the military and diplomatic sectors, leaving a lasting legacy in U.S. history.

George J. Mitchell Jr. is an American politician, diplomat, and lawyer known for his influential roles in the Democratic Party. He served as a United States senator from Maine and as Senate Majority Leader. Following his Senate career, Mitchell played key roles in peace negotiations in Northern Ireland and the Middle East. He was appointed as United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland and for Middle East Peace by Presidents Clinton and Obama, respectively. Mitchell also chaired the Walt Disney Company, led international law firm DLA Piper, and served as Chancellor of Queen's University.

Francis Walsingham was the principal secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England, known as her "spymaster." He directed foreign, domestic, and religious policy, rising to prominence in this role. Walsingham also served as an English ambassador to France, where he witnessed significant events such as the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. He played a crucial part in shaping England's maritime Protestant power status through supporting exploration, colonization, navy development, Ireland plantation, and intelligence operations across Europe. Walsingham's efforts thwarted plots against Queen Elizabeth I and ultimately led to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots.

George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, was a prominent English courtier and statesman known for his charm and influence. Rising to power through his skills in dancing and fencing, he quickly gained favor with King James VI and I. Villiers played a significant role in political and military matters, overseeing royal marriages and leading military operations. Despite his achievements, his reputation suffered due to unsuccessful campaigns during his time in power.

William Bradford Bishop Jr. is a former United States Foreign Service officer. He has been a fugitive from justice since 1976 after killing his wife, mother, and three sons. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) placed him on the list of its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives in 2014. Despite being removed from the list in 2018, he is still actively pursued by the FBI, and an INTERPOL Red Notice remains in effect.

Pamela Harriman was a renowned political activist, diplomat, and socialite recognized for her significant contributions to the Democratic Party. She served as the US ambassador to France and was involved in impactful marriages to notable personalities. Harriman's professional achievements and political involvement established her as a respected and influential figure in American and international politics.

Kelly Craft is an accomplished American businesswoman and politician who has served as a diplomat in various roles. She was appointed as the 30th United States Ambassador to the United Nations by President Donald Trump and later became the 31st United States Ambassador to Canada, making her the first woman to hold this position. Craft has a background as a U.S. alternate delegate to the United Nations during the administration of President George W. Bush. Currently, she leads a business advisory firm and is active in the Canadian American Business Council.

Julie Bishop is an Australian former politician who held various ministerial roles, including Minister for Foreign Affairs and Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party. Prior to her political career, she worked as a commercial lawyer. Bishop made history as the first female deputy leader of the Liberal Party and Australia's first female foreign minister. She later served as the Chancellor of the Australian National University and as a United Nations special envoy for Myanmar.

Evan Maureen Ryan is a distinguished American public servant who has had a successful career in government service. She currently serves as the White House cabinet secretary in President Joe Biden's administration. Previously, she held the role of Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs during the Obama administration. Ryan also has experience working as an assistant for intergovernmental affairs and public liaison for then-Vice President Joe Biden. With a strong background in public service and government relations, she has made substantial contributions to several administrations.

Bajrakitiyabha is a prominent Thai diplomat known for her contributions to international relations. She has represented Thailand in various official capacities, showcasing her diplomatic skills and commitment to fostering positive relationships with other countries. Her dedication to promoting cultural exchange and cooperation on global issues has earned her respect and recognition on the international stage. Bajrakitiyabha's professional life has been marked by a strong sense of duty and service to her country, making her a valued asset in diplomatic circles.

Geoffrey Howe was a prominent British politician who played a key role in Margaret Thatcher's government. He served in various important positions such as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Foreign Secretary, Deputy Prime Minister, and Leader of the House of Commons. Known for his radical economic policies focused on restoring public finances and liberalizing the economy, Howe's resignation in 1990, marked by a critical speech in Parliament, was a significant factor in Thatcher's subsequent resignation and the leadership change within the Conservative Party.

Mark Wallace is a versatile American professional with a background in business, diplomacy, and law. He has worked in government, politics, and the private sector, including a role in the administration of President George W. Bush. Wallace has served as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations for UN Management and Reform. Currently, he serves as the CEO of United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI), the Counter Extremism Project (CEP), and the Turkish Democracy Project, showcasing his dedication to global diplomacy and security efforts.

Roger Casement was a British diplomat recognized for his humanitarian work investigating human rights abuses in the rubber industry in Peru and the Congo. After retiring, he became involved in Irish republicanism and sought German military aid for the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland during World War I. Casement was later arrested, convicted, and executed for high treason by the United Kingdom, resulting in the removal of his knighthood and other honors.

Porfirio Rubirosa Ariza excelled in various fields such as diplomacy, racing, military, and sports. He was a diplomat, race car driver, soldier, and polo player. Rubirosa was closely linked to dictator Rafael Trujillo and was rumored to have ties to political assassinations. He became renowned internationally as a playboy because of his lavish lifestyle and reputation for charming many women. He notably married two of the world's wealthiest women, enhancing his captivating and contentious reputation.

Averell Harriman was a prominent American Democratic politician, businessman, and diplomat. He co-founded Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., held the position of Secretary of Commerce during President Harry S. Truman's administration, and served as the 48th governor of New York. Throughout his career, Harriman was a crucial foreign policy advisor to Democratic presidents, taking on roles such as ambassador to the Soviet Union and overseeing the execution of the Marshall Plan. Notably, he contributed to the negotiation of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and participated in discussions related to the Vietnam War.

Paddy Ashdown, also known as Jeremy John Durham Ashdown, was a prominent British politician and diplomat. He served as the Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 1988 to 1999 and gained international recognition for his role as the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2002 to 2006. Ashdown was skilled in Mandarin, Malay, German, French, and Bosnian languages. Before his political career, he had a background in military and intelligence services. Ashdown received prestigious titles such as Knight Grand Cross and Officer of the Legion of Honour for his contributions.

John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, was a distinguished British statesman known for his significant military and political roles. He served as Postmaster General, First Lord of the Admiralty, and Secretary of State for the Northern Department. His notable contributions to various governmental positions are recognized, and he is credited with popularizing and potentially inventing the sandwich, a culinary creation named after him.

Raymond A. Spruance was a renowned United States Navy admiral celebrated for his remarkable leadership during World War II. He excelled in pivotal naval engagements like the Battle of the Philippine Sea and the Battle of Midway, where his strategic prowess resulted in crucial triumphs over the Imperial Japanese Navy. Known for his composed demeanor in challenging situations and effective tactics, Spruance was recognized as one of the most distinguished admirals in American naval history. Following the war, he held prominent roles such as President of the Naval War College and American ambassador to the Philippines.

James Rubin is an American ex-diplomat and journalist who held the position of U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs during the Clinton Administration. He contributed a regular column on foreign affairs to The Sunday Times of London. Subsequently, Rubin hosted his own show titled World News Tonight on Sky News. He later shifted to a commentator role for the same channel. In 2022, he was named Special Envoy and Coordinator of the State Department's Global Engagement Center.

Alan Keyes is an American politician, political scientist, and perennial candidate. He has held various diplomatic positions, including serving as the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from 1985 to 1987. Keyes ran for President of the United States in 1996, 2000, and 2008, as well as for the U.S. Senate in Maryland and Illinois. Additionally, he has hosted radio and television shows and is a columnist for World Net Daily.

David Johnston is a Canadian academic, author, and politician who served as the governor-general of Canada from 2010 to 2017. With a successful academic career, he attended Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Queen's University. Engaging in politics and public service, he received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal for his contributions. Johnston's professional life reflects a blend of academia, politics, and public service, illustrating his dedication to serving Canada in diverse roles.

Joseph C. Wilson IV, an American diplomat, gained recognition for his investigative journey to Niger to examine claims of Saddam Hussein's pursuit of yellowcake uranium. His op-ed in The New York Times, titled "What I Didn't Find in Africa," garnered significant attention. Wilson held positions as the CEO of JC Wilson International Ventures and the vice chairman of Jarch Capital, LLC. He was connected to the disclosure of information regarding his wife Valerie Plame's identity as a CIA officer by the Bush/Cheney administration.

Kay Bailey Hutchison is a versatile professional with a background in law, journalism, politics, and diplomacy. She has held prominent roles such as the 22nd United States Permanent Representative to NATO and United States Senator from Texas. Hutchison's career includes positions as an attorney, legal correspondent, Texas State Treasurer, member of the Texas House of Representatives, and a candidate for Governor of Texas in 2010.

Paul Bremer served as the second de facto head of state of Iraq, leading the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) from May 2003 to June 2004 after the US invasion of Iraq. During his tenure, he oversaw the country's governance, reconstruction efforts, and transition to a new government, playing a key role in shaping Iraq's post-war political landscape and implementing policies to stabilize the country. Bremer's leadership during this critical period had a significant impact on Iraq's future trajectory.

Lewis Wallace had a diverse professional background, serving as a Union general in the American Civil War, governor of New Mexico Territory, diplomat to the Ottoman Empire, and a notable author. He had a successful military career, participating in key battles and serving on significant military commissions. Wallace's legacy is largely defined by his influential novel "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ," a significant work in Christian literature. His career spanned various roles in law, politics, diplomacy, art, and literature.

Subrahmanyam Jaishankar is an accomplished Indian diplomat and politician with a distinguished career in the Indian Foreign Service. He has held various diplomatic positions in India and overseas, including serving as High Commissioner to Singapore and Ambassador to the Czech Republic, China, and the US. Jaishankar was instrumental in negotiating the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. Following retirement, he worked at Tata Sons before being appointed as the Minister of External Affairs of India, making him the second diplomat to assume this role.

Maria Vladimirovna Zakharova is a Russian politician who serves as the director of the information and press department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. Since 2015, she has been the official spokeswoman for the Ministry. Zakharova, with a degree equivalent to a PhD in Historical Sciences, has a strong background in communication and diplomacy. She plays a crucial role in representing Russia internationally and effectively communicating the country's foreign policy positions to the global community.

William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan was an accomplished American soldier, lawyer, intelligence officer, and diplomat. He led the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II, setting the groundwork for the CIA. Donovan is revered as the CIA's founding father, commemorated with a statue at the CIA headquarters. A decorated veteran of World War I, he was honored with esteemed accolades such as the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Service Medal, and National Security Medal.

Aisha Gaddafi, formerly known as Ayesha Gaddafi, is a Libyan professional with a background in law who has served as a mediator, military official, and UN Goodwill Ambassador. She has been actively involved in mediation efforts and legal matters, showcasing her diplomatic skills on the international stage. Aisha has represented Libya in various capacities, demonstrating her commitment to public service and peacebuilding through her diverse range of roles in legal advocacy and international diplomacy.

Gian Galeazzo Ciano was an Italian diplomat and politician who held the position of Foreign Minister under Benito Mussolini from 1936 to 1943. He played a key role in Italian politics during World War II by pushing for Italy to leave the Axis powers following a string of defeats. Ciano was pivotal in the Grand Council of Fascism's move to remove Mussolini from power and subsequently faced repercussions for his involvement, leading to his death at the hands of Mussolini's regime in 1944. His diary continues to serve as a valuable historical document.

Sir Philip Sidney was a versatile figure in Elizabethan England, known for his notable literary works such as the sonnet sequence Astrophel and Stella, the treatise The Defence of Poesy, and the pastoral romance The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia. His professional life was characterized by his commitment to the arts, service in diplomatic and military capacities, and significant influence on the cultural and literary scene of his era.

Dean Rusk was a notable figure in American government and foreign relations. He held high-ranking positions in the State Department during the 1940s and early 1950s before becoming president of the Rockefeller Foundation. Appointed as Secretary of State by President Kennedy, Rusk was instrumental in various diplomatic efforts including the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War. Known for his support of the Johnson administration, he later transitioned to teaching international relations at the University of Georgia School of Law after leaving his role as Secretary in 1969.

Sir James Brooke, a British soldier and adventurer, established the Raj of Sarawak in Borneo and served as its first White Rajah from 1841 until his passing. Having been raised during the Company Raj in India, he resigned from the Bengal Army and assumed the role of governor in Sarawak following his involvement in quelling a rebellion. Renowned for his efforts in suppressing piracy, reinstating the Sultan of Brunei, and facing scrutiny in the British Parliament for his anti-piracy tactics, Brooke received recognition for his contributions in Southeast Asia. He was also celebrated for his hospitality and accomplishments during his time as White Rajah.

Donald Duart Maclean was a British diplomat who acted as a Soviet double agent and was a significant figure in the Cambridge Five spy ring. He was recruited by a Soviet agent during his time as a student and went on to work in various diplomatic positions in Paris, London, Washington, D.C., and Egypt. Maclean later became the head of the American Department in the Foreign Office. He defected to Moscow in 1951 and continued to work on British policy and relations between the Soviet Union and NATO until his passing in 1983.

Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga, a kirishitan Japanese samurai in the service of Date Masamune, led the Keichō Embassy to visit Pope Paul V in Europe and New Spain. Despite a warm reception, trade agreements were unsuccessful due to Japan's anti-Christian policies. Hasekura's return marked the end of the embassy, and he passed away a year later. His mission opened the door for future Japanese embassies to Europe, ending Japan's isolationist stance after two centuries.

Howard Baker Jr. was a prominent American politician and diplomat known for his role as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1967 to 1985. During his time in the Senate, he held leadership positions such as Senate Minority Leader and Senate Majority Leader. Baker was recognized for his ability to broker compromises and maintain civility in Washington, earning him the nickname "Great Conciliator." He played a significant role in passing important legislation like the Clean Air Act of 1970. Additionally, Baker served as White House Chief of Staff for President Ronald Reagan and as the United States Ambassador to Japan.

Maxwell Davenport Taylor was a renowned United States Army officer and diplomat. He gained recognition for his leadership as the commander of the 101st Airborne Division during World War II. Following the war, he became the fifth chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under President John F. Kennedy. Taylor played a pivotal role in the initial phases of the Vietnam War, working closely with Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara to advocate for the deployment of US combat troops to Vietnam and the intensification of the conflict.

Carlo Buonaparte was a Corsican attorney who briefly served as a personal assistant to revolutionary leader Pasquale Paoli. He fought with Corsican forces against the Genoese republic and later the French invasion. Buonaparte became Corsica's representative to the court of Louis XVI. His second surviving son, Napoleon, later became Emperor of the French. Several of Buonaparte's children received royal titles from Napoleon and married into royalty.

Gary Locke is an American politician, attorney, and former diplomat known for his groundbreaking roles. He served as the 21st governor of Washington, becoming the first Chinese-American and Asian American governor in the continental U.S. Locke later held key positions in the Obama administration, including Secretary of Commerce and Ambassador to China, the first Chinese American to do so. A moderate Democrat, Locke also served as King County executive and as interim president of Bellevue College.

Richard McGarrah Helms had a distinguished career in the American government and diplomacy. He served as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1966 to 1973, overseeing the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Helms began his intelligence career during World War II with the Office of Strategic Services and advanced through the ranks of the CIA during the presidencies of Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon. He faced controversy for misleading Congress about covert operations in Chile and later testified before the Senate during the Church Committee investigation in the mid-1970s. Additionally, Helms served as Ambassador to Iran during his career.

Daniel Edgar Sickles was an American politician, soldier, and diplomat who became known for his involvement in scandals, including the high-profile homicide of his wife's lover. Despite his lack of military experience, Sickles rose to prominence as a political general during the American Civil War, leading the Excelsior Brigade and holding various commands. His military career came to an end at Gettysburg, where he defied orders and suffered significant casualties. Following the war, Sickles held various government positions, such as U.S. Minister to Spain and a congressman advocating for the preservation of the Gettysburg Battlefield.

Clare Boothe Luce was a notable American writer, politician, U.S. ambassador, and influential conservative figure. She gained acclaim for her varied works, including successful plays like The Women and impactful journalism and war reporting. Luce evolved from an initial liberal stance to become a prominent conservative advocate, particularly known for her staunch anti-communist views. A captivating orator, she energetically supported multiple Republican presidential candidates, displaying her charisma and sway. Throughout her career, Luce combined literary achievements with active political engagement.

Ralph Johnson Bunche, an American political scientist and diplomat, was the first black Nobel laureate. He played a significant role in the decolonization process and various UN peacekeeping operations. Bunche contributed to drafting the UN charter and later assumed troubleshooting roles related to decolonization. He mediated conflicts in the Middle East, Congo, Yemen, Cyprus, and Bahrain, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. Bunche continued his influential UN career until his retirement in 1971.

Ferdinand de Lesseps was a French diplomat and developer famous for constructing the Suez Canal in 1869, which linked the Mediterranean and Red Seas. His efforts to build a sea-level Panama Canal in the 1880s faced setbacks such as malaria and yellow fever outbreaks, financial difficulties, and other obstacles. The United States eventually assumed control of the project, addressing the health challenges and modifying the design to incorporate locks. The Panama Canal was successfully completed in 1914, marking a major engineering milestone.

Princess Zenani Mandela-Dlamini is a prominent South African diplomat and traditional aristocrat. She has established herself as a respected figure in international relations, representing her country with grace and diplomacy. With a keen understanding of global issues and a commitment to promoting peace and equality, she has successfully navigated the complexities of diplomatic relations. Her contributions to various organizations and causes have earned her recognition for her advocacy work and dedication to making a positive impact on society.

Enrico Dandolo served as the doge of Venice from 1192 until his death in 1205. He was known for his piety, longevity, and shrewdness. Dandolo played a prominent role in the Fourth Crusade, leading to the controversial Sack of Constantinople. He died in 1205 in Constantinople and was buried at the Hagia Sophia. Dandolo's professional life was marked by his leadership of Venice and his significant impact on the political and military events of his time, particularly in relation to the Crusades.

Mohammad Javad Zarif is an Iranian career diplomat and academic who has held various significant diplomatic and cabinet posts. He served as the foreign minister of Iran from 2013 to 2021, leading negotiations with the P5+1 countries that resulted in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Zarif has also been the Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations, a visiting professor at the School of International Relations and University of Tehran, and has held roles as an advisor and senior advisor to the Foreign Minister, among other positions.

Prince Aly Khan was a well-known socialite, racehorse owner, and jockey. He held the position of Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations from 1958 to 1960 and later served as a vice president of the General Assembly. His diplomatic talents were recognized as he represented Pakistan effectively on the global platform. Furthermore, he played a significant role in securing courtesy titles for the Aga Khan's children from the British government in 1938, demonstrating his influence in diplomatic circles.

Mohammad Hamid Ansari is a distinguished Indian statesman and retired Indian Foreign Service officer with a career spanning 38 years. He held various diplomatic positions, including ambassador to Australia, Afghanistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, as well as serving as the permanent representative of India to the United Nations. Ansari also held roles as the vice-chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University and chairman of the National Commission for Minorities. Elected as the 12th Vice President of India in 2007, Ansari's tenure lasted until 2017, making him one of the longest-serving vice presidents in Indian history.

Walter Hubert Annenberg was an accomplished American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and diplomat. He owned Triangle Publications and managed media outlets like The Philadelphia Inquirer, TV Guide, and Seventeen magazine. Appointed by President Richard Nixon as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Annenberg fostered strong relationships with the British royal family. He later gained recognition as a prominent philanthropist, founding the Annenberg Foundation and making substantial contributions to educational institutions and art galleries. Annenberg's lasting impact can be seen in the conversion of the Sunnylands estate into a museum and retreat center.

Max Baucus had a distinguished career in American politics, serving as a U.S. senator for over 35 years. He was the longest-serving senator in Montana's history and a member of the Democratic Party. Baucus held key positions including Chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance and U.S. Ambassador to China. He played a significant role in health care reform debates and was involved in various committees such as Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, Environment and Public Works, and Transportation and Infrastructure.

Chevalier d'Éon de Beaumont was a versatile individual who served as a French diplomat, spy, and soldier. They possessed androgynous physical characteristics and excelled in mimicry and espionage. During the Seven Years' War, d'Éon fought on the battlefield and conducted espionage operations for France in Russia and England. For nearly five decades, d'Éon presented as a man in public, engaging in traditionally masculine pursuits. However, they successfully infiltrated the court of Empress Elizabeth of Russia by adopting a female persona. In later years, d'Éon transitioned to living openly as a woman, a choice that was officially acknowledged by King Louis XVI.

John Negroponte is an accomplished American diplomat with a distinguished career in public service. He has held various prestigious positions, including serving as the United States Deputy Secretary of State and the first Director of National Intelligence. Negroponte's extensive experience in the United States Foreign Service spans several decades, with notable ambassadorial roles in countries such as Honduras, Mexico, and the Philippines. He has also represented the U.S. as the permanent representative to the United Nations and as ambassador to Iraq, showcasing his expertise in international relations and diplomacy.

Patsy Takemoto Mink was a pioneering American attorney and politician who championed women's rights and education. She was the first woman of color and the first Asian-American woman elected to Congress. During her 24-year career in the U.S. House of Representatives, Mink introduced groundbreaking legislation such as the Early Childhood Education Act and the Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act. She also played a significant role as a federal official and leader in various political organizations.

Mark Francis Brzezinski, an American lawyer, has been the United States Ambassador to Poland since 2022, following his previous role as the United States Ambassador to Sweden from 2011 to 2015 during President Barack Obama's administration. Brzezinski's extensive education includes attending Dartmouth College, the University of Virginia Law School, and St. Antony's College, Oxford. His background in law and diplomacy has been instrumental in representing the United States in global affairs and strengthening diplomatic relationships with other nations.

Gulnara Karimova wielded significant influence in Uzbekistan due to her business dealings and family connections. However, her influence began to wane in 2013 following a conflict with her father. She was placed under house arrest in 2014 and later questioned by Swiss prosecutors in a money-laundering investigation. In 2017, she was banned by the U.S. Department of the Treasury from dealing with American entities. Karimova was sentenced to jail in 2017 for fraud and money laundering, with the sentence later commuted to house arrest before being imprisoned again in 2019.

James Wilkinson was an American soldier and politician who also worked as a Spanish secret agent, which led to scandals. He served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, but resigned twice. Wilkinson held the position of Senior Officer of the U.S. Army twice and was appointed as the first Governor of the Louisiana Territory in 1805. His leadership during the War of 1812 was unsuccessful, and he died while attempting to serve as a diplomat in Mexico City. In 1854, historian Charles Gayarré exposed Wilkinson as a spy for the Spanish Empire, resulting in widespread condemnation by American historians and politicians.