Famous Egyptian People

Hatshepsut was the fifth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, ruling as regent and later as queen regnant. She adopted the full royal titulary and ruled alongside Thutmose III. Known for presenting herself as a male pharaoh, she oversaw significant construction projects, such as the Karnak Temple Complex and the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut. Her reign was characterized by prosperity and peace. After her death, attempts were made to erase her from historical records and attribute her achievements to other pharaohs for ritual and religious purposes.

Thutmose III, the sixth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, is celebrated as one of history's most skilled warriors and military strategists. He initially led Hatshepsut's armies before assuming sole rulership. Thutmose III orchestrated between 17 and 20 victorious military campaigns, significantly expanding Egypt's empire to its peak. Notably, he is recognized for establishing the ancient Egyptian navy, the world's first combat fleet. His remarkable military feats are documented in the inscriptions called the Annals of Thutmose III.

Moses, a Hebrew prophet and leader, is a central figure in Abrahamic traditions. He led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt, received the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai, and guided his people through the desert for 40 years. Moses is revered in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and other religions. The narrative of Moses remains a significant theme in religious teachings and has inspired numerous artistic interpretations.

Ahmed Zewail, an Egyptian-American chemist, was recognized as the "father of femtochemistry." He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1999 for his pioneering contributions to the field, becoming the first Egyptian and Arab scientist to achieve this honor. Zewail held the Linus Pauling Chair Professorship in Chemistry, was a professor of physics, and served as the director of the Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology at the California Institute of Technology.

Big Ramy, an Egyptian IFBB Pro bodybuilder, started his career in 2009 and turned pro in 2012. He claimed victory at the New York Pro in 2013 and the Arnold Classic Brazil in 2015. In a remarkable feat, he became the first Egyptian to win the Mr. Olympia title in 2020 and retained his championship in 2021. Renowned for his size and conditioning, he is a dominant figure in competitive bodybuilding.

Ramy Ashour, a retired professional squash player from Egypt, was a dominant force in the sport during the late 2000s and early 2010s. Known for his exceptional skill and agility on the court, Ashour claimed three World titles in 2008, 2012, and 2014. He made history by becoming the youngest player to reach the number one ranking globally since the 1980s and was the first-ever two-time World Junior Squash Champion. Ashour's legacy in squash is marked by his remarkable achievements and contributions to the sport.

Nour El Sherbini is an Egyptian squash player who currently holds the world No. 1 ranking in women's singles by the Women's Squash Association. She is the only Egyptian player to be among the most successful winners in the history of the PSA Women's World Championship. Nour has won prestigious titles such as the British Open four times and the US Open once, with a total of 40 titles in her career, including two wins at the PSA Finals.

Boutros Boutros-Ghali, an Egyptian politician and diplomat, served as the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1992 to 1996. He was an academic specializing in international law and relations at Cairo University. Boutros-Ghali's political career started under Anwar Sadat, where he was instrumental in negotiating the Camp David Accords and the Egypt-Israel peace treaty. As Secretary-General, he navigated various global crises, such as the Rwandan genocide and the Yugoslav Wars, which led to criticism and controversies.

Manetho, an Egyptian priest in the Ptolemaic Kingdom during the 3rd century BC, is renowned for writing the Aegyptiaca. This historical masterpiece documents the lives of ancient Egyptian kings, showcasing Manetho's profound knowledge of Egyptian history and culture. His insights into the reigns of the pharaohs remain invaluable to historians and Egyptologists exploring Egypt's ancient civilizations.

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. He led the Egyptian revolution of 1952, implemented extensive land reforms, and suppressed opposition groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood. Nasser's decision to nationalize the Suez Canal Company and his leadership during the Suez Crisis greatly increased his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. He advocated for pan-Arab unity, implemented socialist policies and modernization reforms, and was involved in conflicts like the North Yemen Civil War and the Six-Day War against Israel. Nasser's presidency focused on social justice, Arab unity, and industrial development, although he faced criticism for his authoritarian practices and human rights violations.

Amr Shabana, an Egyptian squash player, attained significant success in his professional career. He secured victory in the World Open four times and held the top spot in the world rankings in 2006. Shabana played a pivotal role in guiding the Egyptian team to triumph in the Men's World Team Squash Championships in 1999 and 2009. Regarded as one of the greatest squash players in history, he is recognized for his exceptional skills and achievements in the sport.

Bassem Amin, an accomplished Egyptian chess grandmaster and medical doctor, was awarded the Grandmaster title by FIDE in 2006. He is renowned as the highest-rated player in Egypt and Africa, having achieved a peak FIDE rating of 2700+. Amin's notable accomplishments include winning the African chess championship on seven occasions in the years 2009, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2022, and 2024, establishing himself as a prominent figure in African chess.

Maimonides, also known as Rambam, was a renowned Sephardic rabbi and philosopher of the Middle Ages. He was an accomplished Torah scholar, astronomer, and physician, serving as the personal physician of Saladin. Throughout his life, Maimonides resided in various locations such as Córdoba, Morocco, and Egypt, where he practiced as a rabbi, physician, and philosopher. His writings on Jewish law and ethics were highly regarded, although he faced criticism in Spain. Maimonides is widely recognized as a prominent figure in Jewish history, with his work, including the Mishneh Torah, holding significant authority in Jewish scholarship.

Nefertiti was a queen of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and the great royal wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten. She was known for promoting Atenism, the earliest form of monotheism, and played a significant role in the radical change of state religious policy with her husband. Nefertiti and Akhenaten ruled during a prosperous period in Egypt. There is scholarly debate about whether she briefly ruled as a female king after her husband's death, before Tutankhamun's reign. It is believed that her rule may have led to the decline of Amarna and the relocation of the capital back to Thebes.

Origen of Alexandria was a prominent early Christian scholar and theologian known for his significant contributions to theology, biblical exegesis, and hermeneutics. He founded the Christian School of Caesarea and became a leading authority on theology, producing works such as On the First Principles and Contra Celsum. Origen also created the Hexapla, a critical edition of the Hebrew Bible, and played a key role in the development of the concept of the Trinity.

Hesham Mesbah is a highly skilled Egyptian judoka who has achieved significant success in his professional career. He made history by securing a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, which was Egypt's first judo medal in over twenty years. Mesbah's triumphs at the 2006 African Judo Championships and the 2007 All-Africa Games have solidified his reputation as a formidable competitor in his weight category. His commitment and talent have earned him recognition as a top athlete in the global judo community, serving as an inspiration for future generations of Egyptian athletes.

Eric Hobsbawm was a renowned British historian acclaimed for his expertise in the emergence of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. His significant contributions include a tetralogy examining the "long 19th century" and the "short 20th century," along with the concept of "invented traditions." As a committed Marxist, Hobsbawm's socio-political beliefs greatly influenced his scholarly output. He obtained his PhD in history from the University of Cambridge and held esteemed positions, including the presidency of Birkbeck, University of London. Hobsbawm was lauded for his profound insights into the history of 20th-century Europe.

Mohamed ElShorbagy is a highly accomplished professional squash player known for his remarkable success in the sport. He has achieved the world No. 1 ranking multiple times and has represented both Egypt and England at the international level. In 2017, ElShorbagy secured victory in the World Squash Championship, demonstrating his exceptional skill and dominance. His consistent high performance and significant achievements have solidified his position as one of the top players in the professional squash world.

Feryal Abdelaziz made history as the first female Egyptian to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games. She achieved this milestone at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, by triumphing in the women's +61 kg event. Her remarkable success has inspired aspiring athletes and left a lasting impact on the world of karate, showcasing her exceptional skills and dedication to the sport.

Nouran Ahmed Gohar, an Egyptian professional squash player, has reached remarkable heights in her career. She became the World Champion in 2023-24 and attained the prestigious world ranking of No. 1 in July 2020. Known for her exceptional skills and competitive spirit, Gohar is celebrated as one of the most talented and accomplished players in the squash world. Her dedication and achievements continue to inspire fans and fellow athletes alike.

Hedaya Malak Wahba is a renowned Egyptian taekwondo athlete celebrated for her outstanding accomplishments in the sport. She has proudly competed in various Olympic Games, demonstrating her exceptional talents and unwavering commitment. Malak's impressive track record features bronze medals from both the 2016 Rio Olympics and the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, establishing her as a formidable contender in taekwondo. Her persistent excellence and drive have earned her high regard within the global taekwondo sphere.

Hania El Hammamy, an Egyptian professional squash player, is widely recognized for her remarkable skill and talent in the sport. At just 16 years old, she rose to the top seed in women's junior squash rankings, setting the stage for her impressive career. Today, in January 2022, she holds the prestigious ranking of number 3 in the world, underscoring her unwavering commitment to excellence in the fiercely competitive world of professional squash. Her consistent success and outstanding performances establish her as a dominant presence in the sport.

Ihab El Sayed Abdelrahman, an Egyptian track and field athlete, excels in the javelin throw and holds the Egyptian record with a personal best of 89.21 meters. Despite a setback in 2016 from a positive drug test, he remained committed to his athletic pursuits. He splits his time between training in Kuortane, Finland with coach Petteri Piironen and studying in Cairo. His determination and resilience were evident as he competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Amr Bey, an Egyptian diplomat, left a lasting impact on the sport of squash. He excelled as a player, winning the British Open Men's Championships six times in a row and the British Amateur Championship six times. Amr's remarkable skills in shot-making, speed, and fitness raised the bar in squash. Following his retirement from the sport, he served as Egypt's ambassador to the United Kingdom, playing a significant role in diplomatic relations. His contributions to squash were widely acknowledged, leading to the posthumous recognition of the World Squash Awards' Lifetime Achievement Award.

Mahmoud Karim was a celebrated Egyptian squash player who excelled in his professional career. He clinched the British Open men's title four times in a row from 1947 to 1950, solidifying his position as a prominent figure in the sport. Following his retirement as a player, Karim transitioned into coaching, sharing his skills and passion for squash with budding athletes. He traveled to various countries, such as Canada, where he left a lasting impression on the squash community through his coaching endeavors.

A.A. AbouTaleb, also known as AbouTaleb, was a renowned Egyptian squash player during the 1960s. Beginning his career by tending to courts in Cairo, he faced obstacles such as playing with broken rackets. AbouTaleb achieved great success by winning the British Open three times consecutively, which signaled a change in the sport's landscape and highlighted his exceptional talent and resilience on the global platform.

Mohamed Salah is a renowned Egyptian professional footballer recognized for his outstanding abilities as a right winger or forward in the Premier League, representing Liverpool and the Egypt national team. Beginning his senior career in 2010, Salah has played for clubs including Basel, Chelsea, Fiorentina, and Roma before his transfer to Liverpool. He holds records for the most Premier League goals in a season, has received numerous accolades such as the PFA Players' Player of the Year award, and has excelled in both domestic and international competitions. Salah is widely regarded as one of the top players of his generation due to his remarkable success on the field.

Tutankhamun was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for restoring traditional polytheistic religion, including the cult of the god Amun. He relocated the royal court to Memphis, reestablished diplomatic ties, and led military expeditions in Nubia and the Near East. Tutankhamun initiated the construction of a royal tomb and mortuary temple but passed away unexpectedly at a young age. His tomb, unearthed in 1922, contained a vast array of artifacts, generating worldwide fascination with ancient Egypt. Tutankhamun is commonly referred to as "King Tut."

Ramesses II, or Ramesses the Great, was a formidable Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty, renowned for his strength as a ruler during the New Kingdom era. He excelled as a warrior pharaoh, achieving triumphs in military campaigns across the Levant and Nubia. Ramesses prioritized the construction of cities, temples, and monuments, notably establishing Pi-Ramesses as Egypt's capital. He organized numerous Sed festivals and left a lasting impact on ancient Egypt through his military conquests and architectural endeavors.

Saladin, the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, became the first sultan of Egypt and Syria. He played a crucial role in the Third Crusade by leading Muslim military campaigns against the Crusader states in the Levant. Rising in prominence, he strategically aligned Egypt with the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate while putting an end to the Fatimid Caliphate. Through conquests and military achievements, Saladin expanded his empire to include territories in Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Nubia. His triumph at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 was a pivotal moment that reshaped the power dynamics of the region.

Omar Sharif was an Egyptian actor celebrated for his diverse roles in more than 100 films over five decades. He gained global recognition for his performances in classic movies like Lawrence of Arabia and Doctor Zhivago, earning three Golden Globe Awards. Fluent in five languages, Sharif experienced travel limitations in Egypt, leading him to live in Europe. A passionate horse racing fan and talented bridge player, he was recognized with esteemed accolades for his impact on cinema and cultural inclusivity.

Hypatia, a Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician from Alexandria, Egypt, was a prominent figure in the Eastern Roman Empire. Known for her teachings in philosophy and astronomy, she provided commentary on mathematical works by Diophantus and Apollonius of Perga. Hypatia was also credited with editing Ptolemy's Almagest and creating astrolabes and hydrometers. She had a diverse group of students, including many Christians. Tragically, her life was cut short by a Christian mob, turning her into a symbol of martyrdom for philosophy and a beacon of inspiration for the opposition to Christianity and women's rights.

Anwar Sadat was an Egyptian politician and military officer who became the third president of Egypt. He played a crucial role in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and served as Vice President under President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Sadat succeeded Nasser as president in 1970 and introduced significant changes by implementing a multi-party system and launching the Infitah economic policy. He led Egypt during the Yom Kippur War of 1973 and later played a pivotal role in the Camp David Accords and the Egypt–Israel peace treaty, earning him the Nobel Peace Prize.

Mohamed Al-Fayed, an Egyptian billionaire businessman, gained renown for his extensive business ventures in the United Kingdom. His portfolio included ownership of the renowned Hôtel Ritz Paris, Harrods department store, and Fulham Football Club in London. With an estimated wealth of US$2 billion, Al-Fayed was a prominent and influential figure in the business realm. His successful acquisitions and ventures in luxury hospitality and retail industries established him as a successful entrepreneur.

Caesarion was the final pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, ruling alongside his mother Cleopatra VII until her passing. Following her death, he assumed sole leadership until his downfall at the hands of Octavian. His reign signified the conclusion of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, and he was intricately involved in the political unrest of the era. Ultimately, Caesarion met his end by the actions of Octavian, who later became the initial Roman emperor.

Narmer, an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period, is credited with unifying Egypt and founding the First Dynasty. He succeeded the Protodynastic king Ka and is believed to have had influence in Canaan. Many Egyptologists identify Narmer as Menes. He played a vital role in uniting Egypt and setting the stage for a centralized government. His reign was a pivotal moment in Egyptian history, paving the way for the successful dynasties that ensued.

Magdi Yacoub is a distinguished Egyptian-British cardiothoracic surgeon recognized for his groundbreaking heart surgeries and the establishment of heart transplant centers. His notable contributions encompass the development of the Ross procedure for heart valve repair, the creation of the arterial switch operation, and the execution of the UK's inaugural combined heart and lung transplant. Throughout his career, he occupied esteemed academic roles and garnered multiple accolades for his remarkable advancements in cardiovascular medicine. Following his retirement, he remained active in philanthropy by supporting charity organizations dedicated to offering cardiac care to disadvantaged children.

Cambyses II ascended the throne of the Achaemenid Empire after his father Cyrus the Great. He expanded the empire's territories in North Africa, including conquering Egypt and Cyrenaica. Cambyses faced little resistance and ruled successfully until his unfortunate death from a wound in Syria. His reign was characterized by military conquests and the empire's influence expanded under his leadership.

Sneferu was the first pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, renowned for his innovative reign and architectural accomplishments during the Old Kingdom. His rule, estimated to last between 24 to 48 years, saw the construction of three enduring pyramids that showcased remarkable advancements in design and construction methods. Sneferu's legacy in ancient Egypt is defined by his commitment to monumental building projects, which transformed the landscape with his impressive architectural contributions.

Naguib Mahfouz, an Egyptian writer and Nobel Prize laureate, made significant contributions to Arabic literature over a 70-year career. He published 35 novels, 350 short stories, 26 screenplays, hundreds of op-ed columns, and seven plays. His works, deeply rooted in Egyptian society, delve into existential themes with a classic narrative style that focuses on realistic character portrayals and social values. Mahfouz's literary legacy is closely tied to the development of the modern novel in Egypt and the Arab world, influencing numerous readers and writers.

Faten Hamama was a celebrated Egyptian actress and film producer who made her mark in the Egyptian cinema industry. She gained recognition for her exceptional performances in a number of highly acclaimed films, establishing herself as an icon in the industry. With her impactful contributions, she highlighted the importance of women in both cinema and Egyptian society, earning prestigious accolades like Star of the Century.

Fawzia Fuad of Egypt was an Egyptian princess who became Queen of Iran as the first wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran. Their marriage was a strategic political alliance that bolstered Egyptian influence in the Middle East and lent legitimacy to the fledgling Iranian government. Following her divorce in Egypt after the 1952 revolution, Fawzia lived a secluded life. Eventually, she remarried an Egyptian diplomat and had two children. Despite her intimate experiences in both Iranian and Egyptian royal courts, Fawzia chose not to share her memories publicly.

Bardiya, also known as Smerdis or Tanyoxarces, was at the center of a major political dispute in the Achaemenid Empire in 522 BCE. He briefly held power before being deposed by Darius the Great, who alleged that Bardiya was an imposter named Gaumata. This incident sparked a time of uncertainty and political scheming within the empire. Despite the controversy surrounding his reign, Bardiya's tenure as ruler was brief and overshadowed by the ensuing struggle for power.

Mohamed Aboutrika, an Egyptian retired professional footballer, was known for his versatility as an attacking midfielder and forward. He had a successful career, winning the African Cup of Nations with the Egyptian national team in 2006 and scoring the winning goal in the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations. Aboutrika also played a key role in Al Ahly's achievements, aiding the club in securing a bronze medal in the FIFA Club World Cup in 2006. Additionally, he is acknowledged for his humanitarian efforts and philanthropic work in Egypt.

Ankhesenamun was a prominent queen during the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, known for her significant role as the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. She navigated the changing landscape of ancient Egyptian religion following her father's death and her youth is extensively depicted in reliefs and paintings. Speculation surrounds her marital history, including a possible brief union with Tutankhamun's successor, Ay. Recent DNA testing on mummies from KV21 has fueled theories that Ankhesenamun may be one of the late 18th Dynasty queens buried in that tomb, further solidifying her legacy within the ruling house.

Zahi Hawass is a distinguished Egyptian archaeologist and Egyptologist, having served as the Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs twice. He is renowned for his work at numerous archaeological sites across Egypt, spanning the Nile Delta, Western Desert, and Upper Nile Valley. Hawass has greatly impacted the field of archaeology with his research and findings, earning widespread admiration for his dedication to conserving and showcasing Egypt's diverse cultural legacy.

Philo of Alexandria was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher known for his significant contributions to the Jewish community in Alexandria, Egypt. He engaged in philosophical writings in Koine Greek, examining the relationship between philosophy, politics, and religion. Philo sought to reconcile Greek Platonic philosophy with late Second Temple Judaism through the use of allegory. He advocated for both literal and allegorical interpretations of the Torah to harmonize Jewish scripture with Greek philosophical concepts.

Umm Kulthum, also known as "Kawkab el-Sharq" (Star of the Orient), was a legendary Egyptian singer, songwriter, and film actress who mesmerized audiences from the 1920s to the 1970s. She was hailed as "The Voice of Egypt" and "Egypt's Fourth Pyramid," and her popularity extended throughout the Arab World, establishing her as a national icon in Egypt. Umm Kulthum's extraordinary talent in music earned her recognition as one of the greatest singers of all time by Rolling Stone, solidifying her lasting influence in the industry.

Fuad I of Egypt was the ninth ruler from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, succeeding his elder brother Hussein Kamel as Sultan in 1917. During his reign, the title of Sultan was replaced with King following the United Kingdom's declaration of Egyptian independence in 1922. Fuad I played a crucial role in the political and administrative matters of Egypt and Sudan. His leadership marked a shift in the governance structure of the region, highlighting the evolving dynamics of Egyptian politics.

Ramesses I was the first pharaoh of Egypt's 19th Dynasty, bridging the late 18th Dynasty to establish a foundation for the powerful rulers that followed. His brief reign played a pivotal role in transitioning from the stability of his predecessor, Horemheb, to the influential rule of his descendants, most notably his son Seti I and grandson Ramesses II. Ramesses I's legacy set the stage for the long-lasting impact of the pharaohs of the 19th Dynasty on Egypt's history.

Ramesses III, the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt, is regarded as the final great king of the New Kingdom. Referred to as a "warrior Pharaoh," he effectively protected Egypt from invasions, including a notable victory over the Sea Peoples. While his reign witnessed a weakening of Egyptian political and economic influence, his adept military strategies helped mitigate this decline. Ramesses III oversaw the construction of the grand mortuary temple of Medinet Habu. Tragically, his rule ended with his assassination in a conspiracy orchestrated by his wife and son, leading to a succession crisis.

Samira Said is a highly respected Moroccan-Egyptian singer known for her prominent role in the music industry, specifically in the Egyptian Arabic genre. With over four decades of experience in Egypt, she has built a strong fanbase and received critical acclaim for her distinctive voice and engaging performances. Over the years, Samira has released a multitude of hit songs, worked with renowned artists, and received numerous prestigious awards, solidifying her position as one of the most accomplished and influential singers in the Arab world.

Ibrahim Pasha was a renowned Egyptian general and politician who led both the Egyptian and Ottoman armies. Starting his military career as a young commander of Egyptian forces, he later became the ruler of Egypt and Sudan. Ibrahim's leadership extended to regions such as Syria, Hejaz, Morea, Thasos, and Crete. Recognized for his significant military successes, Ibrahim is still honored in the Muhammad Ali dynasty, with a statue in Cairo highlighting his achievements.

Mohamed Zidan, an Egyptian retired professional footballer, made a name for himself as a striker during his career. He played for several clubs, notably Borussia Dortmund, where he won two Bundesliga titles. Zidan was a crucial player for the Egyptian national team, helping them secure victories in the Africa Cup of Nations. His technical prowess and goal-scoring talent earned him widespread acclaim, leaving a lasting impression on the football community.

Abdel Halim Hafez, also known as Abdel Halim Ali Shabana, was a prominent Egyptian singer, actor, conductor, businessman, music teacher, and film producer. He is regarded as one of the greatest musicians of the 20th century in Arabic popular music. His popularity led to him being nicknamed 'el-Andaleeb el-Asmar' (The Dark-Skinned Nightingale). Abdel Halim achieved immense success across the Arab world, with estimated record sales surpassing 80 million.

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator ruled as Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC. He co-ruled with his sister Cleopatra VII and later shared power with his other sister, Arsinoe IV. His reign was characterized by internal conflicts and a civil war between the siblings, resulting in a turbulent period in Egyptian history.

Muhammad Hosni Mubarak was an Egyptian Air Force career officer who rose to the rank of air chief marshal before entering politics. He served as Vice President under President Anwar Sadat and became president in 1981 after Sadat's assassination. During his nearly 30-year presidency, Mubarak played key roles in reinstating Egypt's Arab League membership, supporting the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, and participating in the Gulf War. However, his rule was marred by repression, political censorship, security service brutality, and corruption. Mubarak resigned during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 and faced legal trials for corruption and negligence related to the deaths of protesters.

Mohamed A. El-Erian is a highly accomplished Egyptian-American economist and businessman, known for his distinguished career in finance and economic advisory roles. He has held significant positions including CEO and co-chief investment officer at PIMCO, chief economic adviser at Allianz, and President of Queens' College, Cambridge. El-Erian has been actively involved in prestigious initiatives, serving as the chair of President Obama's Global Development Council and contributing to notable publications such as Bloomberg View and the Financial Times. He is widely recognized as a leading global thinker and author of New York Times Best Sellers.

Ahmose I was a pharaoh and founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the New Kingdom. He reigned in the mid-16th century BC, leading Egypt to its peak power. Ahmose successfully expelled the Hyksos, restored Theban rule over Egypt, and reasserted control over Nubia and Canaan. He reorganized the administration, reopened quarries and trade routes, and initiated significant construction projects. His reign marked the beginning of the New Kingdom, characterized by Egyptian dominance and prosperity, with Ahmose laying the foundation for this era of greatness.

Al-Shafi'i was a distinguished Sunni Muslim scholar who established the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence. He wrote the influential work "al-Risala," one of the earliest books on Islamic jurisprudence. His teachings and legacy had a profound impact on future generations and greatly contributed to the development of legal theory. Al-Shafi'i lived and worked in various regions such as Mecca, Medina, Yemen, Baghdad, and Egypt. He also served as a judge in Najran, leaving a lasting legacy in the Islamic scholarly tradition.

Taha Hussein was a prominent Egyptian writer and intellectual of the 20th century, known for his significant contributions to the Arab Renaissance and the modernist movement in the Arab world. Referred to as "The Dean of Arabic Literature," he made remarkable advancements in the literary field. His professional achievements include being nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature twenty-one times, showcasing the widespread recognition and respect he earned in the global literary community.

Amr ibn al-As, an Arab commander and companion of Muhammad, played a crucial role in the early Muslim community. He led conquests in Syria and Palestine, securing victories over the Byzantines. Amr initiated the conquest of Egypt, swiftly defeating the Byzantines and establishing control. As governor, he maintained stability, imposed taxes, and fostered good relations with the Coptic population. Despite facing accusations of incompetency, he remained influential and served under the Umayyad Caliphate until his death.

Muhammad Hussein Tantawi Soliman was an Egyptian field marshal and politician who played key roles in the military and government. He served as the commander-in-chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces and as chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, effectively serving as the head of state after President Hosni Mubarak's removal. Tantawi also held the position of Minister of Defense and Military Production until his retirement was mandated by President Mohamed Morsi in 2012.

Hassan Fathy was a renowned Egyptian architect recognized for his innovative promotion of appropriate technology in building construction in Egypt. He emphasized traditional techniques like adobe and mud construction, steering away from Western architectural influences. Fathy's dedication to revitalizing these indigenous building methods garnered him recognition, including the esteemed Aga Khan Chairman's Award for Architecture in 1980. His pioneering strategies had a significant influence on architectural practices, highlighting sustainability and cultural heritage in his design principles.

Pepi II Neferkare, a pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty in Egypt's Old Kingdom, ruled for several decades, starting at a young age. As his reign progressed, the influence of local nobles grew, leading to a weakening of the pharaoh's power. This shift in dynamics caused internal conflicts and instability within the kingdom. Ultimately, Pepi II's rule coincided with a period of decline that played a role in the downfall of the Old Kingdom shortly after his reign.

Amr Diab, an Egyptian singer, composer, and actor, has gained worldwide recognition for his exceptional work. He holds a Guinness World Record and is known as the top-selling Middle Eastern artist. Diab has won the World Music Awards seven times and received the Platinum Records award five times. Over his illustrious career, he has established himself as a highly esteemed recording artist and author, making a significant mark on the music industry with his talent and accomplishments.

Taharqa was a prominent pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty in Egypt and ruler of the Kingdom of Kush. He governed from 690 to 664 BC and was recognized as one of the "Black Pharaohs" who held power in Egypt for nearly a century. Taharqa's tenure was distinguished by his effective governance in Egypt and Kush, managing political matters, military expeditions, and fostering cultural advancements. His rule ushered in a time of prosperity and mutual cultural enrichment between Egypt and Kush, influencing ancient history significantly.

Ashraf Marwan, an Egyptian billionaire, served as a spy for both the General Intelligence Directorate of Egypt and the Israeli Mossad. He started his espionage career at the Presidential Office in 1969, working closely with Gamal Abdel Nasser and later as a trusted advisor to Anwar Sadat. In 2002, it was disclosed that Marwan was recruited by Egyptian intelligence and potentially shared misleading information with the Mossad before the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. Additionally, despite being a politically exposed figure, he held a bank account with Credit Suisse.

Mostafa El-Abbadi was a renowned Egyptian historian, public intellectual, and professor recognized for his proficiency in Greco-Roman studies. His extensive contributions to the field of history, specifically in investigating the connections between ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, were highly valued for their depth and perspective. El-Abbadi was widely regarded as a foremost expert in his field, with his work leaving a lasting impact on academia and the broader study of ancient history.

Diophantus of Alexandria, a Greek mathematician, was renowned for his works on arithmetical problems and algebraic equations. He authored the incomplete On Polygonal Numbers and the extant Arithmetica, which used algebraic notation to address mathematical problems. Diophantus introduced the concept of παρισότης for approximate equality and recognized positive rational numbers. His contributions were instrumental in the development of algebra and number theory, influencing subsequent mathematicians in analysis and Diophantine equations. His lasting impact is evident in the fields of Diophantine geometry and Diophantine approximations.

Horemheb was the last pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, ruling for at least 14 years. Before becoming pharaoh, he served as the commander-in-chief of the army under Tutankhamun and Ay. Upon ascending the throne, he reformed the Egyptian state, taking official action against the Amarna rulers. Horemheb demolished monuments of Akhenaten, repurposing the rubble for his own projects, and claimed monuments of Tutankhamun and Ay. He appointed his vizier Paramesse as his successor, who became Ramesses I.

Isma'il Pasha, also known as 'Ismail the Magnificent,' was the Khedive of Egypt and ruler of Sudan from 1863 to 1879. He implemented significant modernization efforts in Egypt and Sudan, focusing on industrial and economic development, urbanization, and territorial expansion in Africa. Isma'il successfully obtained international recognition for his title of Khedive, replacing the previous title of Wāli. However, his policies resulted in severe debt, leading to the sale of Egypt's shares in the Suez Canal Company to the British government and his eventual removal from power in 1879.

Menes, a pharaoh of ancient Egypt, is recognized for uniting Upper and Lower Egypt and establishing the First Dynasty. Egyptologists debate his identity, with some suggesting he may be Narmer or Hor-Aha. Menes' contributions during the Early Dynastic Period played a vital role in shaping Egypt's history. His legacy as a unifier and the founder of the First Dynasty continues to influence the development of ancient Egyptian civilization.

Nassef Sawiris is a well-known Egyptian businessman celebrated for his substantial wealth and accomplishments in the business realm. He has positioned himself as a pivotal player across diverse industries, showcasing sharp strategic insight and exceptional leadership capabilities. As a highly regarded entrepreneur, Sawiris has left a significant imprint on the business sphere, notably in Egypt and internationally. His remarkable net worth underscores his successes and impact on the global business arena, establishing him as a highly accomplished businessman in the region.

Ptolemy XII Auletes ruled as king of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt twice, from 80 to 58 BC and then from 55 BC until his death in 51 BC. He formed an alliance with Rome to avoid annexation but was later overthrown by the Egyptian populace. He sought refuge in Rome and, with Roman support, reclaimed his throne. Before his death, he appointed his daughter Cleopatra VII as his co-regent.

Shikabala, also known as Mahmoud Abdelrazek Hassan Fadlala, is an Egyptian professional footballer currently playing for Zamalek in the Egyptian Premier League. He has represented the Egypt national team and was part of the squad that won the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. Shikabala is affectionately called "El Apache" by Zamalek fans and is considered a club legend, having risen through their youth ranks. He has also showcased his versatility while playing for PAOK and Sporting CP, excelling as a right-winger, central attacking midfielder, and left winger.

Amr Hassan Zaki, an Egyptian retired professional footballer, is renowned for his career as a striker. He showcased his goal-scoring abilities while playing for clubs in Egypt, Russia, England, Turkey, and Kuwait. Zaki's impressive record includes 63 appearances and 30 goals for the Egyptian national team, earning him the nickname "bulldozer" and drawing comparisons to Alan Shearer. However, his career was marred by criticism for unprofessional conduct and controversial choices, leading to debates within the football community.

Tiye was a prominent figure in ancient Egypt, known for her influential role as the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. She played a significant part in the political and religious affairs of the kingdom, exerting her power and influence as a queen mother. Tiye's wisdom and diplomacy contributed to the stability and prosperity of Egypt during her time. Her legacy as a respected and powerful queen was further solidified by her connection to Pharaoh Akhenaten and Pharaoh Tutankhamun.

Psamtik I was the inaugural pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt, ruling from Sais in the Nile delta. Initially appointed by Ashurbanipal of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, he eventually secured autonomy as the Assyrian Empire waned. Psamtik I skillfully managed political intricacies, consolidating authority against Kushite rulers of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. He guided Egypt through a period of change, blending Assyrian influences with Egyptian customs. His reign represented a crucial juncture in Egypt's narrative, characterized by strategic partnerships and endeavors to preserve sovereignty.

Ahmed Fathy, an Egyptian professional footballer, is recognized for his versatility as a full-back. He started his career at Ismaily SC and later transferred to Sheffield United in the Premier League. Fathy then returned to Egypt to compete for Al Ahly and Pyramids FC. Additionally, he had loan stints at Kazma in Kuwait and Hull City in England. Since 2002, Fathy has been a significant player for the Egyptian national team, achieving over a hundred appearances and scoring nine goals. He is esteemed as one of Africa's premier right backs, clinching victory in the Africa Cup of Nations three consecutive times.

Naguib Onsi Sawiris is a prominent Egyptian businessman recognized for his leadership at Weather Investments and Orascom Telecom Holding. He has held key positions including chairman of Weather Investments' parent company, as well as chairman and CEO of Orascom Telecom Holding and Orascom Investment Holding S.A.E. Sawiris has made significant contributions to the telecommunications and investment sectors, driving the growth and success of these companies through his strategic decisions and business expertise.

Suzanne Mubarak was the First Lady of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 during her husband's presidency. She actively engaged in philanthropic endeavors, including her role as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Notably, she was instrumental in establishing the Cairo Child Museum in collaboration with the British Museum. Throughout her career, Suzanne Mubarak demonstrated a strong commitment to advancing cultural and educational projects and supporting humanitarian efforts.

William Donald Hamilton was a prominent British evolutionary biologist known for his pioneering research on the genetic underpinnings of altruism. His work significantly shaped the gene-centered perspective of evolution and played a crucial role in the advancement of sociobiology. Hamilton also made notable contributions to the understanding of sex ratios and the evolution of sex. As the Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University from 1984 until his passing in 2000, Hamilton left a lasting impact on the field of evolutionary theory. He is widely recognized as one of the most influential evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.

Seqenenre Tao, also known as 'the Brave', ruled the Theban region in Egypt during the Seventeenth Dynasty. He led with courage and determination during the tumultuous Second Intermediate Period, defending his kingdom from foreign rule and protecting his people from invaders. Seqenenre Tao's legacy is defined by his unwavering commitment to his kingdom's defense, showcasing bravery and leadership that have made him a revered figure in Egyptian history.

Khafre, also known as Khafra or Khephren, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty. He oversaw the construction of the second largest pyramid at Giza and commissioned the building of the Great Sphinx of Giza, believed to have been completed during his reign. Khafre's architectural achievements and the enduring legacy of the Great Sphinx highlight his significant contributions to ancient Egyptian history and culture.

Omar Gaber, an Egyptian footballer, is recognized for his versatility on the field. He typically operates as a right-back but can also excel as a right midfielder. Gaber is a key player for Zamalek in the Egyptian Premier League, using his skills and tactical acumen to bolster the team's defense and attack. His adaptability and steady performances have cemented his status as a valuable asset for Zamalek, playing a pivotal role in the team's triumphs.

Menkaure, also known as Mykerinos or Menkheres, was a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom. He is famous for the construction of the Pyramid of Menkaure at Giza and his statue triads depicting him with Hathor and other deities. Menkaure succeeded Khafre as king, with some historical sources providing conflicting accounts. His professional legacy includes notable architectural achievements, especially in pyramid construction, and his religious devotion as evidenced by his connections with different gods and goddesses.

Youssef Chahine was a renowned Egyptian film director who left a lasting mark on the industry. He directed twelve highly praised films that secured spots in the Top 100 Egyptian films list. Collaborating frequently with actor Omar Sharif, Chahine gained critical acclaim for his work. He was honored with the Cannes 50th Anniversary Award for his lifetime achievements and expanded his international reach by co-directing the film "11'9"01 September 11" in 2002.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi was a prominent Egyptian Islamic scholar known for his leadership in the International Union of Muslim Scholars. He authored over 120 books, including works such as "The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam." Al-Qaradawi gained global recognition through his Al Jazeera program "Sharia and Life" and the establishment of IslamOnline. Despite his ties to the Muslim Brotherhood, he claimed to have distanced himself from the organization. Referred to as a "moderate Islamist," his controversial views on topics like Palestinian suicide bombings led to conflicts with Western governments.

Joshua, also known as Yehoshua, was an assistant to Moses in the books of Exodus and Numbers before becoming the leader of the Israelite tribes in the Book of Joshua. He played a vital role in the conquest of Canaan, leading the Israelites and distributing lands to the tribes. Joshua is highly respected in both Hebrew Bible and Islamic tradition as a faithful leader known for his dedication to guiding and protecting his people.

Hor-Aha is considered by some as the second pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt, while others view him as the first, possibly the same as Menes. He is believed to have reigned for a significant period around the 31st century BC and oversaw the early development of the Egyptian civilization. Hor-Aha established the foundations for the centralized government and cultural practices that would define the Pharaonic era, making significant contributions to the organization and administration of the nascent Egyptian state.

Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi was a celebrated Islamic scholar and former Egyptian minister of Endowments. Renowned for his engaging preaching style, he became one of Egypt's most successful Islamic preachers. Over the span of three decades, he emerged as a prominent figure in Egyptian culture, revered for his deep understanding of Islam and his skill in connecting with audiences. His influence as a religious leader and public speaker greatly impacted Egyptian society throughout his career.

Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, a former Egyptian military officer, has been the president of Egypt since 2014. Prior to his presidency, he served in important roles within the Egyptian military and government, such as deputy prime minister, minister of defense, and director of military intelligence. Sisi was instrumental in the removal of President Mohamed Morsi in 2013 and later won the 2014 presidential election by a large margin. His leadership style has been described as authoritarian, with stricter policies than previous leaders.

Necho II of Egypt, a king of the 26th Dynasty, led various construction projects and notably sponsored an expedition to circumnavigate Africa. He was involved in diplomatic relations among the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire, and the Kingdom of Judah. Despite his ambitious endeavors, Necho encountered challenges like defeat by the Babylonians in Syria. Egyptologist Donald B. Redford characterized Necho as a dynamic leader with a creative vision, though historical accounts may have depicted him as less successful.

Aḥmad Shawqī was a distinguished Egyptian poet, linguist, and literary writer, widely recognized as the Prince of Poets. His remarkable career was marked by his expertise in Arabic poetry, unique writing techniques, and profound linguistic insights. Shawqī made significant contributions to modern Arabic literature and is remembered as one of the most esteemed literary figures of his era.

Unas, the ninth and final ruler of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt, oversaw a period of economic decline and administrative decentralization during the Old Kingdom. His reign, lasting 15 to 30 years, included maintaining trade relations with the Levantine coast and Nubia, and likely participating in military actions in southern Canaan. Unas constructed a pyramid in Saqqara, featuring lavishly decorated reliefs and inscriptions of the Pyramid Texts that associated him with Ra and Osiris. His funerary cult endured from the Old Kingdom into the Middle Kingdom.

Elisa Sednaoui is a multi-talented professional excelling in modeling, acting, film directing, philanthropy, and social entrepreneurship. She has featured in numerous films and high-profile fashion campaigns. In 2013, she launched the Elisa Sednaoui Foundation, dedicated to promoting creative education and after-school programs for children. She also founded Funtasia Impact in the UK, Italy, and the United States, providing educational resources for parents, teachers, schools, and museums. In 2022, Sednaoui co-authored a best-selling book.

Senusret I, also known as Sesostris I, was the second pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. He ruled during a time of prosperity and expansion, successfully growing Egypt's territory through military campaigns in Nubia and the Western Desert. Senusret I also established diplomatic relations with rulers in Syria and Canaan and worked towards centralizing Egypt's political structure by supporting loyal nomarchs. His professional life was marked by strong leadership, military skills, and diplomatic abilities in preserving and extending Egypt's influence.

Ragaa Al Geddawy was a highly respected Egyptian actress and model celebrated for her exceptional talent and versatility. Over her six-decade career, she became one of the most beloved and prominent figures in the Middle Eastern entertainment industry. Ragaa captivated audiences with her performances in films and television shows, demonstrating her skills in both dramatic and comedic roles. Her legacy as an accomplished actress remains a source of inspiration for aspiring talents and has made a lasting impact on the Arab entertainment scene.

Tahia Carioca was a renowned Egyptian belly dancer and actress recognized for her outstanding talent and captivating performances. She became famous for her distinctive dance style that blended traditional Egyptian techniques with contemporary influences. Carioca appeared in a variety of films during her career, highlighting her versatility as an artist. Her vibrant presence on stage and engaging persona endeared her to audiences, solidifying her reputation as a beloved and highly respected figure in Egyptian entertainment history.