Famous German Lawyers

Horst Mahler is a German former lawyer and political activist. He was involved in various political ideologies throughout his life, starting as a far-left militant and a founding member of the Red Army Faction, then becoming a Maoist, and eventually transitioning to neo-Nazism. He was a member of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany for a period. Mahler has faced multiple convictions for incitement of popular hatred and Holocaust denial, resulting in a twelve-year prison sentence. He has had legal issues and served time in prison for his actions.

Gustav Ritter von Kahr was a German jurist and right-wing politician who held various significant positions throughout his career. He served as district president of Upper Bavaria, Bavarian minister president, and Bavarian state commissioner general with dictatorial powers. He openly opposed the Weimar Republic government by refusing to enforce certain laws and was involved in plans to overthrow the Reich government in Berlin. Despite initially working with Adolf Hitler during the Beer Hall Putsch, he later turned against him and helped stop the coup. He was eventually murdered during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.

Roman Herzog was a prominent German politician, judge, and legal scholar known for his significant contributions to German governance and jurisprudence. He served as the President of Germany from 1994 to 1999, making history as the first president elected after German reunification. Prior to his presidency, Herzog held the esteemed position of judge at the Federal Constitutional Court, eventually becoming its President. His expertise in law was further demonstrated through his tenure as a law professor. Notably, he was honored with the prestigious Charlemagne Prize in 1997.

Fabian von Schlabrendorff was a German jurist, soldier, and member of the German resistance against Adolf Hitler. He served as a judge of the German Federal Constitutional Court from 1967 to 1975. Von Schlabrendorff was known for his courageous opposition to the Nazi regime, participating in the failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1944. His professional life was marked by a commitment to justice, democracy, and the rule of law, as evidenced by his judicial service on the Constitutional Court.

Wolfgang Vogel was a German lawyer known for his activities in East Germany during the Cold War. He specialized in brokering swaps of spies and exchanges of political prisoners between the Soviet bloc and the West. Vogel was considered a bridge between two conflicting worlds for over three decades, embodying the ambiguity of his era. His career was notable enough to be compared to the works of renowned authors Len Deighton and John le Carré, highlighting his significance in the realm of espionage and diplomacy.

Gregor Gysi is a German attorney and prominent politician of The Left political party. He was a member of the reformist wing of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany during the pro-democracy transition. Gysi has denied allegations of assisting the Stasi, the East German secret police. As the last leader of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, he led the transformation into the post-Communist Party of Democratic Socialism. Gysi also served as the president of the Party of the European Left, showcasing his influence in European politics.

Karl Heinrich Ulrichs was a German lawyer, jurist, journalist, and writer known for his pioneering work in sexology and advocacy for gay rights. He is considered a key figure in the modern gay rights movement and is often referred to as the "first gay man in world history." Ulrichs dedicated his career to challenging societal norms and promoting the rights and recognition of individuals who identified as homosexual. Through his writings and activism, he laid the foundation for future advocacy in the LGBTQ+ community.

Ferdinand von Bismarck was a distinguished German lawyer and landowner known for his significant contributions to the legal field. As the head of the princely branch of the House of Bismarck, he demonstrated a keen intellect and a strong work ethic throughout his career. His expertise in law and his commitment to upholding legal principles earned him a reputation as a respected professional in his field. Ferdinand von Bismarck's legacy is marked by his dedication to excellence and his unwavering commitment to the legal profession.

Theodor Storm was a prominent German-Frisian writer and poet known for his contributions to German realism. Throughout his professional life, Storm demonstrated a remarkable talent for crafting captivating stories and poems that resonated with readers. His work often explored themes of human emotions, nature, and societal issues, earning him recognition as one of the most significant figures in German literature. Storm's literary achievements continue to be celebrated for their profound insights and enduring relevance in the realms of realism and storytelling.

Hans Luther was a prominent German politician and economist. Serving as Chancellor of Germany for 482 days in 1925-1926, he played a crucial role in stabilizing the Mark during the hyperinflation of 1923. Luther later served as Minister of Finance, head of the Reichsbank from 1930 to 1933, and German Ambassador to the United States from 1933 to 1937. His career was marked by his financial expertise and diplomatic service, contributing significantly to Germany's economic stability and international relations during a tumultuous period.

Francis Daniel Pastorius was a multifaceted professional known for his roles as an educator, lawyer, poet, and public official. He made significant contributions as the founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania, which later became part of Philadelphia. His establishment of Germantown marked the first permanent German-American settlement in the area, serving as a crucial gateway for future immigrants from Germany. Through his diverse professional endeavors, Pastorius played a key role in shaping the early German-American community and fostering cultural exchange in the region.

Henriette Reker is a German lawyer and independent politician known for her pro-immigration stance. In 2015, she survived an assassination attempt and was elected mayor of Cologne the following day, making history as the first female mayor in the city. Reker was re-elected in 2020, showcasing her continued popularity and dedication to public service. Throughout her career, she has remained committed to advocating for immigration policies and promoting diversity within her community.

Gustav Radbruch was a prominent German legal scholar and politician known for his significant contributions in the field of law. He held the position of Minister of Justice of Germany in the early Weimar period. Radbruch's expertise in legal philosophy made him one of the most influential figures of the 20th century. Through his work and writings, he left a lasting impact on the legal community, shaping discussions and debates on justice, ethics, and the role of law in society.

Alexander Kluge is a prominent German figure known for his diverse professional achievements. He is an acclaimed author, philosopher, academic, and film director. Kluge has made significant contributions to literature, philosophy, academia, and cinema throughout his career. As an author, he has produced a wide range of works that have garnered critical acclaim. In his role as a philosopher, Kluge has explored complex ideas and concepts, offering unique insights into various aspects of human existence. Additionally, his work as a film director has left a lasting impact on the cinematic world.

Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg was a German lawyer known for his involvement in the plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler in 1944. Alongside his brother, Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, he played a key role in the conspiracy. Berthold's professional life was marked by his aristocratic background and his commitment to opposing the Nazi regime through his legal expertise. Despite the risks involved, he bravely participated in the failed assassination attempt and ultimately faced execution for his actions.

Albert Battel was a German Army lieutenant and lawyer known for his resistance against Nazi plans during World War II. He bravely stood up against the 1942 liquidation of the Przemyśl Jewish ghetto, displaying courage and moral integrity. Battel's professional life was marked by his dedication to justice and humanity, as he used his legal knowledge and military position to protect and defend those targeted by the oppressive regime. His actions earned him posthumous recognition as Righteous Among the Nations in 1981.

Patrick M. Knapp-Schwarzenegger, also known as Patrick Knapp, is an Austrian-American attorney, businessman, and investor residing in Los Angeles, California. He has established himself as a prominent figure in the legal and business sectors. With a focus on investment opportunities, he has demonstrated astute financial acumen and a keen eye for profitable ventures. Through his work, he has built a successful career marked by strategic decision-making, a strong work ethic, and a dedication to achieving excellence in his professional endeavors.

John Peter Altgeld was a prominent American politician and the 20th Governor of Illinois. A leading figure of the Progressive movement, Altgeld signed workplace safety and child labor laws, pardoned Haymarket Affair convicts, and opposed the use of force during the Pullman strike. He led the progressive wing of the Democratic Party, challenging conservative Democrats. Altgeld's professional life saw him transition from Union Army service to law practice, real estate development, and a judgeship before his governorship. He passed away at 54 while working as a lawyer.

Otto Rasch was a prominent German Nazi official during World War II, serving as the commander of Einsatzgruppe C in Ukraine. He played a significant role in orchestrating the Holocaust, carrying out mass killings of civilians in the occupied territories. Following the war, Rasch faced charges for his involvement in war crimes at the Einsatzgruppen trial, although the case was eventually halted due to medical reasons. His actions during the war and his subsequent indictment underscore his role as a perpetrator in one of history's darkest chapters.

Gerhard Klopfer was a lawyer and senior official in the Nazi Party, serving as State Secretary in the Party Chancellery under Martin Bormann. As an SS-Gruppenführer, he held a high-ranking position within the SS. Klopfer played a significant role in the Wannsee Conference, where plans for the implementation of the Final Solution were discussed. Despite his involvement in these events, he later denied any knowledge of the Holocaust and was never prosecuted for his actions during the Nazi regime.

Bernhard Schlink is a prominent German figure known for his multifaceted career. As a lawyer, he has demonstrated a deep understanding of legal principles and has contributed significantly to the field. In academia, Schlink has shared his knowledge and expertise with students, enriching the academic community. Additionally, his work as a novelist has garnered international acclaim, particularly for his bestselling novel, The Reader. Winning the prestigious 2014 Park Kyong-ni Prize further solidifies his reputation as a distinguished and accomplished professional in the realms of law, academia, and literature.

Georg Jellinek was a prominent German public lawyer known for his expertise in public law, particularly in Austria. He was highly regarded as the leading authority in the field during his time. Jellinek's contributions to legal theory and constitutional law had a lasting impact on the development of public law. His work and writings on the subject earned him a reputation as an influential figure in the legal community, and his insights continue to be studied and respected by scholars and practitioners alike.

Hartley Shawcross was an English barrister and Labour politician known for his significant roles in international and domestic legal affairs. He notably served as the lead British prosecutor at the Nuremberg War Crimes tribunal, playing a key role in bringing Nazi war criminals to justice. Shawcross also represented Britain as its principal delegate to the United Nations post-World War II and held the prestigious position of Attorney General for England. His career was marked by a commitment to upholding justice and the rule of law.

Helmuth James Graf von Moltke was a German jurist and member of the Kreisau Circle opposition group during World War II. He worked within the German Abwehr to combat human-rights abuses in occupied territories and advocated for a post-Hitler Germany based on moral and democratic principles. Despite his efforts to subvert the Nazi regime, he was executed for treason. Moltke's professional life was marked by his dedication to upholding human rights and challenging the oppressive policies of the Nazi government.

Franz Walter Stahlecker served as the commander of the SS security forces for the Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1941–42. He led Einsatzgruppe A, one of the most deadly death squads during the Holocaust in German-occupied Eastern Europe. Stahlecker's role in overseeing these brutal operations earned him a notorious reputation. However, his tenure was cut short when he was fatally wounded in action by Soviet partisans. He was succeeded by Heinz Jost in his position as commander of the SS security forces.

Friedrich Hecker was a prominent German lawyer, politician, and revolutionary known for his powerful oratory skills. He played a significant role in the 1848 Revolution as a popular speaker and agitator. He later moved to the United States and became a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Hecker's professional life was marked by his dedication to political activism, military service, and a commitment to fighting for social and political change in both Germany and the United States.

Ferdinand von Schirach is a prominent German lawyer and writer, recognized for his literary achievements. He gained widespread acclaim after publishing his debut collection of short stories at the age of forty-five, swiftly rising to become one of Germany's most accomplished authors. His works, translated into over 35 languages, have garnered immense popularity globally, selling millions of copies. Von Schirach's contributions to literature have established him as a revered figure in the literary world, earning him international acclaim and praise.

Günther Hermann Oettinger is a German lawyer and politician affiliated with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the European People's Party (EPP). He served as European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources, Digital Economy and Society, and Energy. Prior to that, he was Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg and chairman of the CDU in the region. Since 2021, Oettinger has been the president of EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht in Wiesbaden, Germany.

Hugo Preuß was a prominent German lawyer and liberal politician known for his significant contributions to constitutional law. He authored the draft version of the Weimar Constitution, which emphasized key principles such as popular sovereignty, federal organization of the state, and the establishment of a democratic Rechtsstaat within the global community. Preuß's work played a crucial role in shaping the legal and political landscape of Germany during the early 20th century, highlighting his expertise in constitutional matters and commitment to democratic ideals.

Justus Jonas, the Elder, was a prominent German Lutheran theologian, reformer, jurist, professor, and hymn writer. He is celebrated for his translations of the works of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon, contributing significantly to the spread of the Protestant Reformation. Jonas played a vital role in the theological and educational realms of his time, influencing the development of Lutheran doctrines and providing scholarly insights through his teachings and writings. He shared a close association with Martin Luther, even being present during Luther's final moments.

Josel of Rosheim, a 16th-century German Jewish advocate, served as a prominent shtadlan, advocating for the rights of German Jews. Originally a money lender and rabbi, he dedicated his professional life to fighting against anti-Semitism and promoting the welfare of his fellow Jewish community members. Josel of Rosheim's efforts were instrumental in addressing discriminatory practices and securing better treatment for Jews in Germany during his time, leaving a lasting legacy as a champion for Jewish rights and combating prejudice.

Friedrich Adam von Trott zu Solz was a German lawyer and diplomat who actively opposed the Nazi regime. He played a significant role in the conservative resistance to Nazism as a member of the Kreisau Circle, alongside notable figures like Helmuth James Graf von Moltke and Peter Yorck von Wartenburg. Participating in the 20 July plot with Claus von Stauffenberg and Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, Trott zu Solz aimed to become Secretary of State in the Foreign Office and lead negotiator with the Western Allies.

Theodor Julius Geiger was a prominent German socialist, lawyer, and sociologist known for his extensive research in Sociology of Law, social stratification, social mobility, methodology, and intelligentsia. He made significant contributions to the field of sociology and served as Denmark's inaugural sociology professor at the University of Århus. Geiger's work focused on various aspects of society, shedding light on key sociological concepts and influencing the academic community with his expertise and insights.

Countess Walburga Habsburg Douglas is a prominent German-born Swedish lawyer and politician. She served as a member of the Riksdag of Sweden for the Moderate Party from 2006 to 2014. In addition to her political career, she holds the position of vice-president of the Paneuropean Union and serves as a board member of the Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism. Her professional life reflects a dedication to both legal and political matters, with a particular focus on issues related to European unity and historical awareness.

Walter Simons had a distinguished professional career as a German lawyer and politician. He held the position of Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1921, during which he played a key role in shaping Germany's foreign policy. Simons later served as president of the Reichsgericht, the highest court in Germany, from 1922 to 1929. His tenure as president of the Reichsgericht was marked by a commitment to upholding the rule of law and ensuring justice in the legal system.

Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg was a prominent German lawyer, translator, poet, and key figure in the Sturm und Drang and early Romantic literary movements. Known for his versatile talents, he excelled in legal practice, producing notable translations, and creating impactful poetry that resonated with the spirit of his time. His professional life was marked by a deep engagement with the literary and legal realms, where his contributions left a lasting impact on the cultural landscape of his era.

Gerhart M. Riegner was a prominent German philosopher and legal scholar known for his significant contributions to the field. He served as the secretary-general of the World Jewish Congress for nearly two decades, from 1965 to 1983. Riegner's expertise and leadership were instrumental in advancing the organization's mission and advocating for the rights and interests of the Jewish community on a global scale. Additionally, his academic background in law, with studies in Heidelberg, Paris, and Geneva, provided a solid foundation for his work in international relations and human rights.

Anton Rintelen was an Austrian academic, jurist, and politician associated with the Christian Social Party. He served as a professor at the University of Graz and Charles University in Prague before entering politics. Rintelen held various positions within the Christian Social Party, including Landeshauptmann of Styria and Minister of Education. He was also the founder and President of Steirer Bank. Rintelen's involvement in the July Putsch, a Nazi coup d'état plot, led to his trial for high treason and subsequent sentencing to life imprisonment. Released in 1938, he withdrew from politics until his death in 1946.

Rudolf Stammler was a prominent German philosopher of law who made significant contributions to legal theory. He emphasized the distinction between a formal concept of law and the ideal of justice, advocating for deliberate steering of the law towards this ideal. He believed in the proactive shaping of laws to reflect current societal values rather than merely reacting to economic influences. Stammler's work influenced legal philosophy and his ideas continue to be studied and debated by scholars in the field.

Rudolf von Gneist was a distinguished German jurist and politician who had a significant impact on legal and political developments during his lifetime. He played a crucial role in shaping the career of his student Max Weber and contributed to Japan's first constitution through his correspondence with Itō Hirobumi. Gneist's professional expertise and influence extended beyond national borders, making him a respected figure in both German and international legal and political circles.

Josef Kohler was a prominent German jurist, author, and poet renowned for his contributions to legal theory and philosophy. He served as a professor of law at various prestigious universities, including the University of Berlin and the University of Tübingen. Kohler's scholarly work focused on Roman law, legal history, and the philosophy of law, earning him international recognition as a leading legal scholar of his time. Through his numerous publications and academic lectures, Kohler significantly influenced the development of legal thought and jurisprudence in Germany and beyond.

Lassa Francis Lawrence Oppenheim was a prominent German jurist renowned as the father of modern international law. His influential work, "International Law: A Treatise," established him as a leading figure in the field. Oppenheim's legal positivist school of thought shaped the discipline, inspiring notable scholars like Joseph Raz and Prosper Weil. Through his two-volume treatise and scholarly contributions, Oppenheim's legacy continues to impact and guide the development of international law, cementing his reputation as a key figure in the field.

Johann von Wowern was a distinguished German statesman, philologist, and lawyer. He gained recognition for his influential work "De Polymathia tractatio" in 1603, which marked the first usage of the term "polymath" in Western Europe. Wowern's definition of polymathy highlighted a comprehensive understanding of diverse subjects drawn from various fields of study. He considered erudition, literature, philology, philomathy, and polyhistory as synonymous with polymathy, emphasizing the importance of wide-ranging knowledge and intellectual curiosity in his professional endeavors.

Johann Anton Leisewitz was a prominent German lawyer and dramatic poet during the Sturm und Drang era. His most notable work, the play Julius of Taranto (1776), greatly influenced Friedrich Schiller and is regarded as a precursor to Schiller's renowned Sturm und Drang masterpiece, The Robbers (1781). Leisewitz's professional life was characterized by his significant contributions to German literature, particularly in the realm of theatre. His work continues to be celebrated for its impact on the development of dramatic expression during this influential literary period.

Rudolf Hermann Brandt was a German SS officer and civil servant known for his role as the Personal Administrative Officer to Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. Brandt, a lawyer by profession, was involved in securing victims for the Jewish skull collection, a controversial anthropological display project. He was a defendant at the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg, where he was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Despite his conviction, Brandt's actions during the war included assisting in adding names to lists intended to save camp prisoners.

Hans Mayer was a German literary scholar, jurist, and social researcher known for his expertise in criticism, authorship, and musicology. He gained international recognition for his contributions to these fields. Through his work, Mayer demonstrated a deep understanding of literature, law, and society, establishing himself as a prominent figure in the academic and cultural spheres. His diverse professional background enabled him to offer unique perspectives and insights, shaping his reputation as a multifaceted and influential intellectual.

Max Forckenbeck was a German lawyer and liberal politician who served as Mayor of Berlin from 1878 until his death. He was known for his prudent governing style during Berlin's rise as the capital of a unified Germany. Forckenbeck held various positions in law and politics, including serving as President of the Reichstag parliament and founding the National Liberal Party. As Mayor of Berlin, he focused on reforming the education system, improving infrastructure, and advocating for the privatization of the urban sector.