Famous Italian Playwrights

Luigi Pirandello was an acclaimed Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer known for his influential contributions to the world of literature. His professional life was characterized by a prolific output of works, including novels, hundreds of short stories, and around 40 plays, some of which were written in Sicilian. Pirandello's unique style and bold approach to dramatic and scenic art earned him the prestigious 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature. His tragic farces are recognized as pioneering works that paved the way for the Theatre of the Absurd.

Dario Fo was an Italian playwright, actor, theatre director, stage designer, songwriter, and political campaigner known for his innovative and widely performed works. He incorporated improvisation and revived traditional forms of theatre like commedia dell'arte. His plays, translated into 30 languages, critiqued various social issues including corruption, racism, and political figures like Silvio Berlusconi. Fo's solo pièce célèbre, Mistero Buffo, was controversial yet popular worldwide. His receipt of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature solidified his reputation as a major figure in twentieth-century world theatre.

Carlo Goldoni was an esteemed Italian playwright and librettist known for creating some of Italy's most beloved plays. His works were celebrated for their clever blend of humor and sincerity, offering audiences a reflection of contemporary society, particularly the emerging middle classes. Goldoni's plays, written in both French and Italian, were characterized by their rich use of Venetian language and colloquialisms. Under the pen name Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, Goldoni further established his reputation as a prominent figure in the theatrical world.

Giambattista della Porta, also known as Giovanni Battista Della Porta, was an Italian scholar, polymath, and playwright from Naples during the Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Counter-Reformation. He dedicated his life to scientific pursuits, benefitting from a rich education from tutors and visits by renowned scholars. His seminal work, "Magia Naturalis" (Natural Magic), first published in 1558, covered various subjects such as occult philosophy, astrology, alchemy, mathematics, meteorology, and natural philosophy, earning him the moniker "professor of secrets".

Plautus was a Roman playwright known for his comedies, which are the earliest surviving Latin literary works. He wrote in the Palliata comoedia genre, following the footsteps of Livius Andronicus, a pioneer in Latin literature. The term "Plautine" is used to describe not only Plautus's own works but also those influenced by his style. Plautus's professional life was characterized by his contributions to Roman theater, where his comedic plays entertained audiences and influenced subsequent generations of playwrights.

Italo Svevo was an Italian and Austro-Hungarian writer, businessman, novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was a pioneer of the psychological novel in Italy, best known for his modernist novel La coscienza di Zeno (1923), a classic of Italian literature. Svevo had a close friendship with Irish novelist and poet James Joyce. Additionally, he was related to the Italian academic Steno Tedeschi. Svevo's professional life was marked by his contributions to literature and his innovative approach to the psychological novel genre.

Eduardo De Filippo was a prominent Italian actor, director, screenwriter, and playwright renowned for his Neapolitan works, notably Filumena Marturano and Napoli Milionaria. Recognized as one of the most significant Italian artists of the 20th century, he authored numerous acclaimed theatrical dramas that he both staged and directed. His works garnered international acclaim and were performed worldwide. De Filippo's artistic contributions to Italian culture were so esteemed that he was appointed as a lifetime senator by the President of the Italian Republic.

After World War II, Curzio Malaparte's political sympathies shifted to the left, leading him to join the Italian Communist Party. He settled in Paris in 1947 and focused on writing dramas, such as Du Côté de chez Proust and Das Kapital. In 1950, he wrote, directed, and scored the film Cristo Proibito, which won a special prize at the Berlin International Film Festival. Malaparte also produced a variety show and planned a bicycle trip across the United States. His interest in Maoist Communism led to a visit to China in 1956, where he was inspired to will his house in Capri to the Chinese Writers Association.

Ennio Flaiano was a versatile Italian professional known for his contributions as a screenwriter, playwright, novelist, journalist, and drama critic. His collaboration with Federico Fellini resulted in the co-writing of ten screenplays for acclaimed films such as La Strada, La Dolce Vita, and 8½. Flaiano's work with Fellini played a significant role in shaping the Italian cinema landscape, showcasing his talent for storytelling and his ability to captivate audiences with his writing across various mediums.

Leonardo Sciascia was a multi-talented Italian writer, novelist, essayist, playwright, and politician known for his significant contributions to European literature in the 20th century. His diverse body of work, which includes acclaimed novels and essays, has been adapted into several successful films. With a keen eye for social and political issues, Sciascia addressed themes of corruption, justice, and power in his writings, establishing himself as one of the most influential literary figures of his time.

Carlo Gozzi was an Italian playwright known for championing Commedia dell'arte. He defended this traditional Italian comedy style through satirical works and fairy tale adaptations, reviving interest in Commedia dell'arte in Italy. Gozzi's plays were popular across Europe, but he faced criticism for experimenting with tragicomedy and Spanish drama later in his career. He is renowned for his feuds with contemporary writers over the changing Italian theatre style. Gozzi's works have inspired numerous stage adaptations and operas in the twentieth century.

Vittorio Alfieri was an Italian dramatist and poet known as the "founder of Italian tragedy." He wrote nineteen tragedies, sonnets, satires, and an autobiography. Alfieri's works were influential in shaping Italian literature, particularly in the realm of tragic drama. His writing style was characterized by strong emotions, political themes, and a focus on individual freedom. Alfieri's contributions to Italian literature and his role in revitalizing the tragic genre have solidified his legacy as a key figure in the development of Italian theater and poetry.

Pietro Aretino was a renowned Italian author, playwright, poet, satirist, and blackmailer known for his significant influence on contemporary art and politics. He was a prominent figure in the literary world and a vocal critic of the powerful. Aretino's professional life was characterized by his bold and outspoken nature, as well as his close connections with religious reformers. He was considered a Nicodemite Protestant due to his communications and sympathies with this group, further solidifying his reputation as a key figure in his era.

Dacia Maraini is a prominent Italian writer known for her compelling works that center around women's issues. She has authored a wide range of plays and novels that have garnered critical acclaim and recognition, receiving prestigious awards such as the Premio Fregene, Premio Campiello, and the renowned Premio Strega. Maraini's career also includes being the subject of a biographical documentary that shed light on her experiences, including imprisonment in a Japanese concentration camp during World War II, and her travels with notable figures like Alberto Moravia, Pier Paolo Pasolini, and Maria Callas.

Aloysius Bertrand was a French Romantic poet, playwright, and journalist credited with introducing prose poetry in French literature. He is regarded as a precursor to the Symbolist movement. Bertrand's professional legacy is highlighted by his collection of prose poems, "Gaspard de la Nuit," which was published posthumously in 1842. This work is considered his masterpiece. Notably, three of the poems from this collection were later adapted into a piano suite by Maurice Ravel in 1908, further solidifying Bertrand's influence on the arts.

Lucius Accius was a Roman tragic poet and literary scholar. He was known for his contributions to the field of literature, particularly in the genre of tragedy. Accius had a significant influence on Roman drama and was respected by his contemporaries, such as Cicero, for his knowledge and insight into literary matters. His works were highly regarded during his lifetime and continued to be studied and appreciated in the years that followed.

Gian Giorgio Trissino was a prominent Venetian Renaissance figure known for his diverse contributions. He excelled in various fields, including humanism, poetry, drama, diplomacy, grammar, linguistics, and philosophy. He proposed significant changes to the Italian alphabet, advocating for the distinction between J and I, and V and U. Trissino's work as a linguist and philosopher played a key role in shaping language conventions. His multifaceted professional life reflected a deep commitment to scholarship and intellectual pursuits during the Renaissance period.

Tullio Pinelli was a prominent Italian screenwriter celebrated for his collaborations with renowned director Federico Fellini. His professional life was marked by his significant contributions to classic films such as I Vitelloni, La Strada, La Dolce Vita, and 8½. Pinelli's talent for storytelling and character development played a crucial role in shaping the success and enduring legacy of these cinematic masterpieces. His work with Fellini solidified his reputation as a skilled and influential figure in Italian cinema during the mid-20th century.

Mario Soldati was a prominent Italian writer and film director known for his award-winning achievements. In 1954, he received the prestigious Strega Prize for his work "Lettere da Capri." Throughout his career, Soldati directed numerous films based on novels, collaborating with acclaimed Italian actresses like Sophia Loren and Gina Lollobrigida. His talent and creativity in bringing literary works to the screen established him as a respected figure in the Italian film industry, leaving a lasting impact on cinema and literature alike.

Silvio Pellico was an influential Italian writer, poet, dramatist, and patriot who played a significant role in the Italian unification movement. He is best known for his literary works that captured the spirit of the times and inspired fellow Italians to strive for independence and unity. Pellico's writings often reflected his deep patriotism and desire for a free and unified Italy. Through his works, he contributed to shaping the cultural and political landscape of Italy during a crucial period in its history.

Giuseppe Giacosa was an Italian poet, playwright, and librettist known for his contributions to the world of opera. He gained recognition for his insightful and straightforward playwriting style, often focusing on themes relevant to contemporary bourgeois society. Giacosa collaborated with renowned composer Giacomo Puccini on several operas, including the final version of the libretto for "Manon Lescaut" and the librettos for "La bohème," "Tosca," and "Madama Butterfly." His work with Puccini involved refining the plots and dialogue into poetic verses.

Massimo Bontempelli was a multifaceted Italian artist known for his work as a poet, playwright, novelist, and composer. He played a significant role in shaping and popularizing literary movements such as magical realism and Lombard line. Throughout his professional life, Bontempelli showcased a unique creative vision that blended reality with fantastical elements, captivating audiences with his innovative storytelling. His contributions to Italian literature have left a lasting impact, solidifying his reputation as a pioneering figure in the realms of poetry, drama, fiction, and music.

Massimo Carlotto is an accomplished Italian writer and playwright known for his contributions to literature. With a career spanning several decades, Carlotto has established himself as a prominent figure in the Italian literary scene. He is recognized for his compelling storytelling and unique writing style, which often delves into themes of crime, justice, and societal issues. Carlotto's works have garnered critical acclaim and a dedicated following of readers, solidifying his reputation as a prolific and influential voice in contemporary Italian literature.

Giovanni Battista Guarini was a renowned Italian poet, dramatist, and diplomat who made significant contributions to the literary world during the late Renaissance period. He is best known for his masterpiece tragicomedy play "Il Pastor Fido" (The Faithful Shepherd), which blended elements of pastoral poetry with courtly drama. Guarini served as a diplomat in various capacities, representing the city-state of Ferrara on diplomatic missions. His work was highly influential in shaping the development of Italian literature and drama during his time.

Philemon was an Athenian poet and playwright of the New Comedy who achieved remarkable popularity during his time. He was known for winning victories over his contemporary and rival Menander, showcasing a style of comedy that resonated more with the Athenian audience. Despite his success, later generations favored the refined wit of Menander, leading to Philemon's works becoming less prominent over time. He produced a total of ninety-seven works, with fifty-seven known to us by titles and fragments, two of which served as the basis for Latin adaptations by Plautus.

Corrado Alvaro was a prominent Italian journalist and writer known for his works in various genres including novels, short stories, screenplays, and plays. He frequently employed the verismo style to depict the dire poverty in Calabria, his birthplace. Alvaro gained recognition with his acclaimed work "Gente in Aspromonte" (Revolt in Aspromonte), which delved into the exploitation of rural peasants by affluent landowners in Calabria. This piece is widely regarded as his magnum opus, showcasing his talent for portraying social injustices and human struggles with remarkable depth and insight.

Felice Cavallotti was a prominent figure in Italian politics and literature during the late 19th century. Known for his eloquent speeches and strong advocacy for democracy and social justice, Cavallotti served as a member of parliament and was a key leader in the campaign against the ruling elite. As a poet and playwright, he used his creative talents to convey powerful messages of resistance and reform. His works inspired many to join the fight for political change and remain influential in Italian cultural and political history.

Ettore Petrolini was a prominent Italian actor, playwright, screenwriter, and novelist known for his innovative contributions to avanspettacolo, vaudeville, and revue. He was acclaimed for his caricature sketches and introduced a groundbreaking and non-conformist style of performance. Petrolini's creation of the "futurista" character Fortunello and iconic character Gastone left a lasting impact on Italian theater. His satirical portrayal of Roman Emperor Nero, resembling Benito Mussolini, showcased his satire and may have influenced the dictator's mannerisms.

Riccardo Bacchelli was a prominent Italian writer known for his contributions to literature. In 1927, he co-founded the influential review La Ronda and established the prestigious Bagutta Prize for literature. Throughout his career, Bacchelli received recognition for his literary achievements, being nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature eight times. His work encompassed a variety of genres and themes, showcasing his versatility as a writer and his enduring impact on the Italian literary scene.

Ugo Betti, an Italian judge and author, is recognized as one of the most prominent playwrights in Italian history. Throughout his career, he penned 27 plays, with notable works including "The Mistress of the House" and "Troubled Waters." Often likened to Kafka, Betti's literary contributions delve into complex human emotions, particularly focusing on themes of guilt. His profound exploration of the human psyche has solidified his legacy as a masterful storyteller, leaving a lasting impact on the world of literature and theatre.

Albertino Mussato was a multifaceted figure in the 13th and 14th centuries, known for his roles as a statesman, poet, historian, and playwright from Padua. He played a crucial role in the revival of literary Latin and is considered an early humanist, heavily influenced by his teacher Lovato Lovati. As a member of Padua's council, Mussato served as an ambassador to Emperor Henry VII. He is celebrated for his Latin play Ecerinis, the first secular tragedy since Roman times, marking a significant contribution to the Renaissance movement. Additionally, Mussato's diverse body of work includes letters, poetry, and historical accounts, showcasing his dedication to preserving and advancing classical literature and forms.

George Colman the Elder was a prominent English dramatist and essayist known for his significant contributions to the literary world. Often referred to as "the Elder" or "George the First," he distinguished himself from his son, George Colman the Younger. Apart from his literary pursuits, Colman also made a mark in the world of theater by owning his own theatre. His works continue to be celebrated for their wit, humor, and insightful observations on society, solidifying his legacy in English literature.

Francesco Scipione Maffei was an Italian writer, art critic, and antiquarian with a humanist education. He authored numerous articles and plays, establishing himself as a prominent figure in the fields of literature and art criticism. Maffei's publications on Etruscan antiquities are considered foundational works in the study of Etruscology. He was known for engaging in intellectual debates and print skirmishes with his contemporary, Antonio Francesco Gori, further solidifying his reputation as a respected authority in the realm of antiquities and cultural studies.

Paolo Antonio Rolli was a prominent figure in the Italian Rococo era, known for his work as a librettist, poet, and translator. His professional life was marked by a prolific output of literary works that significantly contributed to the cultural landscape of his time. Rolli's talent in crafting librettos for operas earned him recognition and praise, establishing him as a leading voice in the field. Additionally, his skill as a translator allowed him to bring foreign works to Italian audiences, further solidifying his reputation as a versatile and accomplished literary figure.

Diego Fabbri was an Italian playwright known for his works that focused on religious themes, particularly within the Catholic tradition. Throughout his career, Fabbri gained recognition for his thought-provoking plays that explored moral and ethical dilemmas, often drawing from his deep understanding of religious principles. His works were celebrated for their insightful commentary on faith, society, and human nature. Fabbri's contributions to the world of theater continue to be studied and appreciated for their enduring relevance and profound impact on audiences.

Gnaeus Naevius was a Roman epic poet and dramatist known for his notable literary career in Rome. He wrote comedies in the genre of Palliata Comoedia, adapting Greek New Comedy. He also introduced a new genre called Praetextae Fabulae, focusing on Roman national figures and incidents. His patriotic spirit, developed during his service in the Punic Wars, was evident in his works. Despite facing challenges and exile due to satirical comments, he left a mark on Roman literature with his writings, some of which survive only in fragments cited by ancient grammarians.