Judges

Ruth Bader Ginsburg was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court from 1993 until her death in 2020. Nominated by President Bill Clinton, she was known for her consensus-building approach and authored significant majority opinions. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman on the Court and advocated for gender equality and women's rights, winning many cases before the Supreme Court. She was a prominent figure in liberal legal circles and earned the nickname "the Notorious R.B.G."

Amy Coney Barrett is an American lawyer and jurist who has served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 2020. Prior to her current role, she was a U.S. circuit judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Barrett graduated from Rhodes College and Notre Dame Law School, where she ranked first in her class. She has a background in teaching civil procedure, constitutional law, and statutory interpretation and is known for her support of textualism and originalism in legal interpretation.

Brett Kavanaugh is an American lawyer and jurist currently serving as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He previously served as a U.S. circuit judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Kavanaugh studied history at Yale University and law at Yale Law School. He worked as a law clerk under Judge Ken Starr and later joined the Bush administration. Kavanaugh faced contentious confirmation hearings for both the D.C. Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court. He has since been regarded as a swing vote on the Court.

Antonin Scalia was a prominent American jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court from 1986 until his passing. He was known for his conservative legal philosophy, advocating for textualism and originalism in interpreting the law. Scalia's impact on American jurisprudence was significant, solidifying his reputation as one of the most influential justices in Supreme Court history. Throughout his career, he supported executive branch authority, opposed affirmative action, and held firm stances on contentious constitutional issues like the death penalty, abortion, and same-sex marriage. Some of Scalia's noteworthy judicial opinions include Morrison v. Olson, Crawford v. Washington, and District of Columbia v. Heller.

Neil Gorsuch is an American jurist serving as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Appointed by President Donald Trump in 2017, Gorsuch is known for his textualist and originalist approach to legal interpretation. He has degrees from Columbia University, Harvard Law School, and Oxford University and has clerked for multiple judges, as well as worked in private practice and the Department of Justice. During his time on the Supreme Court, Gorsuch has authored significant opinions in landmark cases.

Thurgood Marshall was a groundbreaking American civil rights lawyer and Supreme Court justice. He was renowned for his tireless efforts in promoting desegregation and civil rights. Serving as the first African-American justice on the Supreme Court, Marshall successfully argued in several landmark cases, notably Brown v. Board of Education. His approach to jurisprudence was practical, highlighting the importance of real-world perspectives and a versatile interpretation of the Constitution. Marshall was a steadfast advocate for liberal ideals, opposing the death penalty and championing expansive interpretations of the First Amendment and abortion rights.

Jeanine Pirro is a well-known American television host, author, and former judge, prosecutor, and politician in New York. She served as a judge of the Westchester County Court and later as the Westchester County district attorney, making her the first woman to hold these positions. Pirro became known for her work on cases involving domestic abuse and crimes against the elderly. She also ran for the U.S. Senate and New York Attorney General but was unsuccessful. Pirro hosted TV shows on The CW and Fox News Channel and authored multiple books. However, she faced legal issues due to defamation lawsuits related to false claims about voting machine fraud.

Sonia Sotomayor is a highly accomplished American lawyer and jurist currently serving as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She has had a distinguished legal career, graduating with top honors from Princeton University and Yale Law School. Sotomayor began her career as an assistant district attorney before transitioning to private practice. She has served on various boards and held positions on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Known for her strong advocacy for criminal justice reform and defense of individual rights, Sotomayor has played a significant role in shaping legal discourse on the Supreme Court.

Merrick Garland is an American lawyer and jurist who has had a distinguished career in the legal field. He served as a circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, handling important cases. Garland also worked as a federal prosecutor, supervising high-profile investigations and prosecutions. He was nominated by President Barack Obama for the U.S. Supreme Court, facing a controversial Senate block. Currently, Garland serves as the United States Attorney General, bringing his wealth of legal experience to this crucial role.

Sandra Day O'Connor was an American attorney, politician, and jurist who made history as the first woman to serve as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. Known for being a moderate conservative and often serving as a swing vote, O'Connor authored important majority opinions in influential cases like Grutter v. Bollinger and Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. She played a significant role in protecting legal access to abortion in the United States through her involvement in Planned Parenthood v. Casey.

Anita Hill is an accomplished American lawyer, educator, and author known for her work in social policy, law, and women's studies. She currently holds the position of professor at Brandeis University, teaching at the Heller School for Social Policy and Management. Hill gained national recognition in 1991 when she made allegations of sexual harassment against U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas, who had been her supervisor at the United States Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Maryanne Trump Barry was an accomplished American attorney and federal judge. She served as an assistant United States attorney before being appointed to the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey by President Ronald Reagan. Later, she was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit by President Bill Clinton. Barry testified in support of a Supreme Court nominee and later took senior status before retiring amid allegations of judicial misconduct related to financial transactions.

Stephen Breyer, an American lawyer and jurist, served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1994 until his retirement in 2022. Nominated by President Bill Clinton, he was associated with the liberal wing of the Court. Prior to his Supreme Court tenure, Breyer held positions as a law professor at Harvard Law School and as a federal judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. He authored important opinions in significant Supreme Court cases and contributed to legal theory through works such as "Active Liberty."

Elena Kagan is an American lawyer who currently serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Appointed in 2010 by President Barack Obama, she is the fourth woman to hold this position. Kagan has had a distinguished career, with previous roles including professor at the University of Chicago Law School and Harvard Law School, Associate White House Counsel, and policy adviser during Bill Clinton's presidency. Before joining the Supreme Court, she made history as the first female solicitor general of the United States. Known for her collaborative approach, Kagan has written significant majority and dissenting opinions in key cases.

Samuel Alito Jr. is an American jurist who has been serving as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court since 2006. Nominated by President George W. Bush, he is the second Italian American justice on the Court. Alito was raised in New Jersey and educated at Princeton University and Yale Law School. Prior to his current position, he has held various roles including in the Office of Legal Counsel, as U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey, and as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Alito is known as a "practical originalist" and a member of the Court's conservative bloc, having authored significant majority opinions in cases such as McDonald v. Chicago, Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, Janus v. AFSCME, and Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.

Anthony Kennedy was an American attorney and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1988 until his retirement in 2018. Nominated by President Ronald Reagan in 1987, Kennedy was known as the swing vote on many 5-4 decisions of the Roberts Court. Prior to his Supreme Court tenure, he served as a federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Kennedy authored majority opinions in significant cases, including those involving gay rights, campaign finance, and abortion rights.

Roy Moore is an American politician, lawyer, and jurist who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama twice, but was removed both times for judicial misconduct. He also ran for the U.S. Senate in 2017 and 2020, facing allegations of sexual assault. Moore has a background in the military and law, including serving as a company commander in the Vietnam War and as a circuit judge. Known for his far-right and Christian nationalist views, Moore has been involved in controversial issues such as same-sex marriage and race relations.

Lance Allan Ito is a former American judge known for overseeing the high-profile criminal trial of O. J. Simpson in 1995. As a judge in the Los Angeles County Superior Court, Ito gained recognition for his management of this well-known case, which attracted significant media coverage. Throughout his career, Ito showed dedication to justice and fairness in legal proceedings, receiving both acclaim and scrutiny for his judgments and actions during the widely followed trial.

Eric Holder is an American lawyer and member of the Democratic Party. He served as the 82nd United States attorney general from 2009 to 2015, being the first African American to hold the position. Holder worked for the Public Integrity Section of the U.S. Department of Justice for twelve years, served as a judge in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, and held various positions in the legal field. He is known for his work in prosecuting government corruption cases and his involvement in high-profile scandals and investigations.

John Paul Stevens was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1975 to 2010. He was known for his lengthy tenure on the Court, during which he authored opinions on a variety of American law issues. Despite his conservative background, he was regarded as being on the liberal side of the Court. Stevens's notable majority opinions include landmark cases such as Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. and Apprendi v. New Jersey, while he is also recognized for significant dissents in cases like Bush v. Gore and Citizens United v. FEC.

David Hackett Souter is an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1990 to 2009. Beginning his career in public service in New Hampshire, he held various legal positions. Initially perceived as a conservative justice, Souter later moved towards the ideological center and ultimately sided with the Court's liberal wing. He retired in 2009 during President Obama's term and has since presided over cases at the circuit court level.

Marilyn Milian, also known as Judge Milian, is a prominent American television personality, lecturer, and retired Florida Circuit Court judge. She achieved fame as the long-serving arbitrator on the courtroom television series The People's Court for 22 seasons. Apart from her role on The People's Court, she also oversees another arbitration-based reality court show, Justice for the People with Judge Milian. Milian is noted for being the first Hispanic arbitrator to head a court show, where she adeptly handles legal disputes with expertise and authority.

William O. Douglas was a prominent American jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court from 1939 to 1975. He was known for his progressive and civil libertarian views and was the Court's longest-serving justice. Douglas authored landmark opinions such as Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) regarding the right to privacy and played a significant role in cases like Brown v. Board of Education (1954) to desegregate schools. He was a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War and a passionate advocate for environmental causes.

Miriam Defensor Santiago, a distinguished Filipino scholar, lawyer, judge, author, and stateswoman, had a remarkable career spanning all branches of the Philippine government. Notable achievements include serving as a Senator, an International Criminal Court judge, and being honored with the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service. Recognized for her relentless fight against corruption, she championed progressive legislation and anti-corruption measures during her tenure in the Philippine Senate. Her legacy as a public servant is underscored by titles such as the Iron Lady of Asia, reflecting her steadfast commitment to promoting justice and integrity.

Jerry Sheindlin is a versatile professional with a strong background in law and media. He is a successful author, television personality, and attorney. With significant experience as a trial judge in the New York Supreme Court, Sheindlin possesses a thorough knowledge of the legal system and has overseen numerous cases. His career accomplishments include being a respected jurist and utilizing his legal skills in various roles, demonstrating his adaptability and commitment to the legal field.

Lynn "Buck" Compton had a distinguished professional life, serving as a paratrooper in World War II with "Easy Company" of the 506th Infantry Regiment. Post-war, he had a successful career in law enforcement and the legal field, playing a key role in prosecuting Sirhan Sirhan for the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Compton later became a judge on the California Court of Appeal. His wartime experiences were immortalized in the book "Band of Brothers" by Stephen E. Ambrose and the HBO miniseries of the same name.

David Frum is a Canadian-American political commentator who served as a former speechwriter for President George W. Bush. He is currently a senior editor at The Atlantic and contributes to MSNBC. In 2003, Frum authored the first book about Bush's presidency by a former administration member. He is known for coining the phrase "axis of evil" in Bush's 2002 State of the Union address. Frum has also held positions on various boards and think tanks, focusing on political and policy analysis.

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. was a prominent American jurist known for his influential tenure as an associate justice on the U.S. Supreme Court from 1902 to 1932. He was recognized for his concise opinions on civil liberties and constitutional democracy, as well as his respect for elected legislatures. Holmes held various legal positions, including serving as a Brevet Colonel in the Civil War, a justice in the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and a law professor at Harvard. His scholarly work and jurisprudence had a significant impact on American legal thinking and influenced subsequent legal schools.

Cass Sunstein is a distinguished American legal scholar and best-selling author renowned for his expertise in constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and behavioral economics. He notably held the position of administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs during the Obama administration. Sunstein has had a profound impact on regulatory and constitutional law and is currently the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School. He is highly regarded as one of the most cited American legal scholars.

Andrew Napolitano is an American former jurist and syndicated columnist known for his work in publications such as The Washington Times and Reason. He served as a New Jersey Superior Court judge from 1987 to 1995 and has been a visiting professor at various law schools. As a libertarian, Napolitano has gained recognition for his critiques of the administrations of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump. He has authored nine books on legal and political topics and has been an analyst for Fox News since 1997, focusing on legal news and trials.

Roger B. Taney was an American lawyer and politician who served as the fifth chief justice of the United States from 1836 until his death in 1864. Before his tenure on the Supreme Court, Taney held important positions such as U.S. attorney general and U.S. secretary of the treasury under President Andrew Jackson. Taney played a crucial role in Jackson's administration, notably during the Bank War. His notable ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case in 1857 left a lasting impact on U.S. history and the slavery debate.

Karl Roland Freisler was a German jurist and politician who played a significant role in the Nazification of Germany's legal system. Serving as the State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice and later as President of the People's Court, he promoted Nazi ideology through his work. Known for his aggressive demeanor in court, Freisler oversaw the prosecution of political crimes and frequently imposed the death penalty on defendants. His influence on German law can still be seen today in the definition of murder under Strafgesetzbuch § 211.

Salmon P. Chase was a notable American politician and jurist, serving as the sixth Chief Justice of the United States. Throughout his career, he held significant roles in the federal government, such as Governor of Ohio, United States Senator, and Secretary of the Treasury under President Abraham Lincoln. Chase was a key figure in the anti-slavery movement and played a crucial part in establishing the Republican Party. Although he sought presidential nominations in several elections, he never achieved his ambition.

Giovanni Falcone was an Italian judge and prosecuting magistrate known for his relentless fight against the Sicilian Mafia. His dedication to combating organized crime was highlighted during the Maxi Trial in 1986–1987. Tragically, Falcone was assassinated by the Corleonesi Mafia in the Capaci bombing on the A29 motorway. Alongside his colleague Paolo Borsellino, Falcone worked tirelessly to dismantle the Mafia's influence, ultimately sacrificing their lives in the battle against organized crime.

Louis Brandeis was a prominent American lawyer and Supreme Court Justice recognized for his significant impact on legal principles like the "right to privacy" and antitrust laws. He strongly opposed powerful corporations and monopolies, championing economic reform and public interests. Brandeis also played a key role in the Zionist movement as a response to antisemitism. His historic appointment to the Supreme Court was met with opposition due to his dedication to social justice and integrity. Brandeis's judicial opinions are highly regarded for upholding freedom of speech and privacy rights.

Hugo Lafayette Black was an American lawyer, politician, and jurist who served as a U.S. Senator from Alabama and as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. A Democrat and New Dealer, he supported Franklin D. Roosevelt in presidential elections. Black, known as a reformer, served on the Senate Education Committee. As a justice, he championed incorporating Bill of Rights liberties, held an absolutist view on the First Amendment, and advanced individual rights in significant cases.

Geoffrey Howe was a well-known British politician who played a crucial role in Margaret Thatcher's government. He served in key positions such as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Foreign Secretary, Deputy Prime Minister, and Leader of the House of Commons. Howe was recognized for his bold economic policies aimed at improving public finances and opening up the economy. His resignation in 1990, highlighted by a significant speech in Parliament, was a turning point that led to Thatcher's resignation and a change in leadership within the Conservative Party.

Harry A. Blackmun was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1970 to 1994. Appointed by President Richard Nixon, Blackmun was known for his liberal stance on the Court. He authored the landmark opinion in Roe v. Wade and wrote notable majority opinions in cases such as Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, Bigelow v. Commonwealth of Virginia, and Stanton v. Stanton. He dissented in cases like Furman v. Georgia and Bowers v. Hardwick.

Robert Bork was an American legal scholar who served as the Solicitor General of the United States and a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. He was nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Reagan in 1987, but the Senate rejected his nomination. Bork was known for advocating originalism in constitutional interpretation and consumer welfare in antitrust law. He authored influential works on antitrust and cultural criticism and later pursued a career as an author, professor, and advisor to political figures.

Alan Cedric Page had a successful career as a professional football player and later became a judge on the Minnesota state Supreme Court. He played as a defensive tackle for 15 seasons in the NFL with the Minnesota Vikings and Chicago Bears before transitioning to a legal career. Page served as an associate justice on the Minnesota Supreme Court for over 20 years. He made history by being the first defensive player in the NFL to win the MVP Award and is widely regarded as one of the best defensive linemen to have played the game.

Phantly Roy Bean Jr. was an American saloon-keeper and Justice of the Peace in Val Verde County, Texas. He famously referred to himself as "The Only Law West of the Pecos" and presided over his court in his saloon located along the Rio Grande in the Chihuahuan Desert of southwest Texas. Despite being depicted as a hanging judge in fictional Western tales, Bean only sentenced two men to hang, with one evading the punishment. His distinctive approach to administering justice in the Wild West has had a lasting impact on American folklore.

Lynn Toler is a well-known American lawyer, judge, and television personality recognized for her impactful work in the industry. She rose to fame as the former arbitrator on the enduring series Divorce Court for 14 seasons. Presently, Toler co-hosts the widely-watched show Marriage Boot Camp with Dr. Ish Major, providing valuable advice as marriage mentors. Her compelling and perceptive style has solidified her reputation as a respected figure in television arbitration and relationship counseling.

Louis J. Freeh is an American attorney and former judge who served as the fifth Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from September 1993 to June 2001. He graduated from Rutgers University and New York University School of Law. Freeh began his career as a special agent in the FBI and later worked as an Assistant United States Attorney and United States district judge. He was appointed as FBI director by President Bill Clinton and currently works as a lawyer and consultant in the private sector.

Joseph Wapner was a prominent American judge and television personality who gained fame as the original presiding judge on the reality court show The People's Court. From 1981 to 1993, he served as the sole judge on the show, overseeing a total of 2,484 episodes. Wapner's time on the program solidified his reputation as a trailblazer in the realm of arbitration-based reality court shows, a legacy that continues to influence the judicial genre to this day.

Felix Frankfurter was a prominent jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1939 to 1962. He was known for advocating judicial restraint and played a significant role in landmark cases such as Minersville School District v. Gobitis and Gomillion v. Lightfoot. Frankfurter's career included working for the U.S. Secretary of War, serving as Judge Advocate General during World War I, and helping to establish the American Civil Liberties Union. He was a trusted adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and had a lasting impact on American jurisprudence.

Brian Sandoval is an American politician, academic administrator, and former federal judge. He served as the 29th Governor of Nevada from 2011 to 2019 after a successful career that included roles such as Chairman of the Nevada Gaming Commission and Nevada Attorney General. Sandoval was also appointed by President George W. Bush as a judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nevada. Since October 2020, he has been the President of the University of Nevada, Reno.

Abraham Fortas was an esteemed American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He had a distinguished career, starting as a law professor at Yale Law School and advisor for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Fortas worked in various government roles, including the Department of the Interior under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and representing the U.S. at the United Nations. Known for his landmark opinions, Fortas also had a close relationship with President Lyndon B. Johnson. Despite a failed nomination for Chief Justice, Fortas left a lasting impact on the legal landscape.

Baroness Hale of Richmond, a distinguished British judge, held the position of President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 to 2020. She made history as the sole woman to be appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in the House of Lords in 2004. Lady Hale later moved to the Supreme Court in 2009, where she served as Deputy President before becoming the first female President in 2017. Additionally, she held honorary roles in legal education institutions and the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong.

Kenesaw Mountain Landis was a distinguished American jurist who held the roles of federal judge and the first Commissioner of Baseball. He is recognized for his firm leadership in baseball, which helped rebuild trust in the sport, notably in his management of the Black Sox Scandal. Landis also made notable legal contributions, such as imposing fines on Standard Oil of Indiana for breaking federal laws, overseeing trials in World War I, and implementing important reforms in professional baseball.

Jephthah, a judge in Israel, is known for leading the Israelites in battle against Ammon. Despite his short tenure of six years, he played a significant role in the history of Israel. His vow to sacrifice whatever came out of his house first, which turned out to be his daughter, showcases his commitment to fulfilling promises made to God. Jephthah's professional life is characterized by his leadership in battle, his adherence to vows, and his inclusion among both major and minor judges in the Book of Judges.

Samuel Chase was a prominent figure in the founding of the United States, known for signing the Declaration of Independence and serving as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He had a successful legal career in Annapolis, Maryland, and held various positions in both legal and political spheres, such as the Continental Congress and the Maryland General Assembly. Appointed to the Supreme Court by President George Washington, Chase faced impeachment in 1804 over accusations of political bias in his judicial decisions. Despite the impeachment proceedings, Chase was ultimately acquitted and remained on the Supreme Court until his passing in 1811.

Raymond Leo Burke is an American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as a bishop and cardinal. He held various significant positions including leading the Archdiocese of St. Louis and the Diocese of La Crosse. Burke is known for his traditionalist views and conservative leadership, particularly advocating for the Tridentine Mass. He has clashed with Pope Francis over issues such as church attitudes towards gay people and divorced Catholics. Despite being sidelined from influential positions, Burke remains active in the Catholic Church as a member of the Apostolic Signatura.

Potter Stewart was an influential American lawyer and judge who served as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1958 to 1981. He made significant contributions to criminal justice reform, civil rights, access to the courts, and Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. Stewart graduated from Yale Law School in 1941 and served in the United States Navy Reserve during World War II. He was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit by President Dwight D. Eisenhower before being confirmed as a Supreme Court justice. Throughout his tenure, Stewart wrote notable majority and dissenting opinions in several landmark cases, solidifying his reputation as a centrist swing vote on the Burger Court.

Kimba Maureen Wood is a respected American judge serving as a senior district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. She obtained her J.D. from Harvard Law School and was appointed to the court by President Ronald Reagan. Throughout her career, she has presided over a variety of high-profile cases involving notable individuals such as Michael Milken, Dean Skelos, and Michael Cohen. Wood has demonstrated a strong commitment to upholding justice and the rule of law in her role as a judge.

Lewis F. Powell Jr. was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1972 to 1987. He had a distinguished legal career, graduating from Washington and Lee University School of Law and Harvard Law School before serving in the US Army Air Forces during World War II. Powell worked at a prominent law firm in Richmond, Virginia, specializing in corporate law and later became a pivotal figure in the American conservative movement through his influential Powell Memorandum.

William Hedgcock Webster is a renowned American attorney and jurist who has held distinguished positions in the United States government. He served as a United States district judge and later as a United States circuit judge. Webster's career also included leadership roles as the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the director of Central Intelligence (CIA), making him the only person to have held both of these critical positions. Additionally, he chaired the Homeland Security Advisory Council for an extended period, demonstrating his ongoing dedication to national security and public service.

Sir Edmund "Toby" Barton was an Australian statesman, barrister, and jurist who served as the first prime minister of Australia from 1901 to 1903. He played a crucial role in the Federation movement and drafting the Constitution of Australia. Barton advocated for the federation of Australian colonies and was key in establishing national institutions such as the Australian Defence Force and the Commonwealth Public Service. Following his term as prime minister, Barton became a founding member of the High Court of Australia, contributing to shaping the judicial interpretation of the constitution.

Frank Caprio is a distinguished American judge and politician known for his leadership as the chief judge of the municipal court of Providence, Rhode Island. He has also chaired the Rhode Island Board of Governors for Higher Education, demonstrating his commitment to the legal and educational sectors. Caprio is widely recognized for his televised judicial appearances on the renowned program Caught in Providence, where he presides over cases with fairness and empathy. His courtroom videos have amassed millions of views, establishing him as a respected figure in the legal field.

Learned Hand was a highly respected American jurist and lawyer renowned for his significant contributions to the legal field. Serving as both a federal trial judge and appellate judge, he was known for his expertise and authority. Hand was celebrated for his eloquent legal writings, particularly in defense of civil liberties during World War II and his advancements in modern statutory interpretation. His legacy includes establishing standards across various legal disciplines and promoting a balance between judicial restraint and progressive principles.

William J. Brennan Jr. was an influential American lawyer and jurist, serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1956 to 1990. Known for his leadership of the Court's liberal wing, Brennan advocated progressive views on key issues such as the death penalty, abortion rights, and gay rights. He authored several landmark opinions that established principles related to legislative districts, libel suits, contraception rights, and sex discrimination, solidifying his reputation as one of the most significant members of the Supreme Court in the 20th century.

John Marshall Harlan was a prominent American lawyer and politician who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1877 until his death in 1911. Referred to as "The Great Dissenter," Harlan was known for his frequent dissents in cases that limited civil liberties. He supported a robust national government, championed for the underprivileged, and saw the Reconstruction Amendments as pivotal. Notably, he dissented in significant cases like Civil Rights Cases and Plessy v. Ferguson, and advocated for incorporating the Bill of Rights.

Alex Kozinski was a prominent Romanian-American jurist and lawyer who served as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from 1985 to 2017. He was known for his influential role in the legal field, with many of his law clerks advancing to clerk for U.S. Supreme Court justices. Kozinski's judicial career came to an end in 2017 due to allegations of sexual harassment and abusive behavior by several of his former female law clerks and legal staffers.

Michael Chertoff is an American attorney who served as the second United States Secretary of Homeland Security under Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama. He co-authored the USA PATRIOT Act and previously worked as a United States circuit judge, federal prosecutor, and Assistant U.S. Attorney General. Chertoff succeeded Tom Ridge as Secretary of Homeland Security in 2005. After leaving government, he co-founded the Chertoff Group, a risk-management and security consulting company, and worked at the law firm Covington & Burling. Chertoff is involved in various organizations focusing on freedom and democracy.

Benjamin Cardozo was a distinguished American lawyer and jurist who served on both the New York Court of Appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court. He made significant contributions to American common law in the 20th century due to his influential philosophy and engaging prose style. Cardozo began his legal career following his graduation from Columbia Law School and swiftly climbed the ranks, eventually becoming Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals. During his time on the U.S. Supreme Court, he was part of the liberal bloc of justices and authored several notable majority opinions in important cases.

Greg Mathis is a former Michigan judge who gained recognition as a television court show arbitrator, author, television producer, and motivational speaker. He is best known for his successful reality courtroom show, Judge Mathis, which aired for 24 seasons. Mathis has received accolades for his work and is the second longest-serving television arbitrator. He is also recognized for his philanthropy efforts, including supporting causes in Michigan such as the Flint water crisis. Mathis has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and has expanded his projects with endeavors like the spiritually inspired play "Been there, Done that" and the reality program "Mathis Family Matters."

William Blackstone, an English jurist, justice, and Tory politician, is renowned for his influential work, Commentaries on the Laws of England. Initially a barrister, he later transitioned to university administration and eventually gave up legal practice to focus on lecturing on English law. Blackstone became the first Vinerian Professor of English Law and successfully resumed his legal career while serving as a Member of Parliament. His magnum opus, the Commentaries, offered a comprehensive overview of English law and significantly influenced legal education in England and beyond.

Jonathan Sumption, also known as Lord Sumption, is a British author, medieval historian, barrister, and former senior judge. He served on the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2012 to 2018 and was a Non-Permanent Judge of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal from 2019 to 2024. Sumption is renowned for his work as a barrister in high-profile legal cases and for his scholarly contributions, notably his comprehensive narrative history of the Hundred Years' War in five volumes.

Mablean Deloris Ephriam, Esq. is a distinguished American television personality and former Los Angeles prosecuting attorney. She is well-known for her role as the adjudicator on the courtroom series Divorce Court for seven seasons. Ephriam also displayed her judicial expertise in Tyler Perry's Madea films. In 2014, she made a successful comeback to television with her own courtroom series, Justice with Judge Mablean, which is syndicated on various stations. Ephriam's impressive career has established her as a respected legal professional in the entertainment industry.

Paolo Borsellino was an Italian judge and prosecuting magistrate recognized for his unwavering commitment to combat the Sicilian Mafia. He dedicated his career to fighting organized crime, particularly in Sicily, and played a crucial role in the Maxi Trial of 1986–1987, a significant legal battle against the Mafia. Tragically, he was assassinated in 1992 by a car bomb near his mother's house in Palermo. Borsellino, alongside his colleague Giovanni Falcone, was posthumously honored for their courage and sacrifice in the fight against the Mafia.

Joseph Force Crater was an American lawyer who served as a New York State Supreme Court Justice. He became well-known in the legal field and handled notable cases. His disappearance during a corruption investigation in New York City added a mysterious twist to his career. Despite extensive search efforts and media attention, his whereabouts remained unknown. The case went cold and was officially closed forty years after his legal death declaration.

Harlan Fiske Stone was a notable American attorney and jurist, recognized for his tenure on the U.S. Supreme Court. Initially serving as an associate justice, he later became the 12th chief justice of the United States. Stone also served as the U.S. Attorney General, focusing on reforming the Department of Justice. His career was marked by significant contributions to legal precedents in areas such as antitrust laws, judicial review, personal jurisdiction, and the constitutionality of government actions in times of war.

Sir Edward Coke was a prominent English jurist, barrister, judge, and politician who played a significant role in the legal and political landscape of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras. He held various important positions, including Solicitor General and Speaker of the House of Commons. Coke's landmark cases and influential decisions, such as in the Case of Proclamations and Dr. Bonham's Case, were instrumental in shaping legal principles and constitutional developments. His writings, particularly the Institutes and Reports, are highly esteemed and have had a lasting impact on the English and American legal systems.

Sanford Ballard Dole was a notable Hawaii-born lawyer and jurist who had a significant impact on Hawaiian political history. He served as the President of the Republic of Hawaii following the overthrow of the monarchy, actively promoting the westernization of Hawaiian government and culture. Dole's leadership played a crucial role during Hawaii's transition from a kingdom to a republic and later a territory, ultimately facilitating Hawaii's annexation by the United States. His legal acumen and dedication to modernization were pivotal in shaping the government and society of Hawaii.

Douglas H. Ginsburg is a well-known American lawyer and jurist who currently serves as a senior U.S. circuit judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He has previously held the position of chief judge on the D.C. Circuit and was nominated for a seat on the United States Supreme Court in 1987. Ginsburg is also a respected professor of law at George Mason University's Antonin Scalia Law School, where he specializes in U.S. antitrust law and constitutional law.

William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, was a distinguished British judge, politician, lawyer, and peer celebrated for his remarkable impact on English law. Starting as a barrister, he swiftly earned a reputation for his exceptional skills. Mansfield later transitioned into politics, becoming a Member of Parliament and serving in vital roles like Solicitor General and Attorney General. His tenure as Chief Justice saw him make influential decisions aligned with the principles of the Age of Enlightenment, ultimately contributing to the eventual abolition of slavery in Britain.

John Marshall Harlan II was an American lawyer and jurist known for his distinguished legal career. He served on the U.S. Supreme Court from 1955 to 1971, bringing his conservative views and commitment to precedent to the bench. Prior to his Supreme Court appointment, Harlan held various roles including Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York and Special Assistant Attorney General of New York.

John H. Wood Jr. was an esteemed American lawyer and judge who served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. Renowned for his unwavering commitment to justice, he oversaw many significant cases during his tenure. Tragically, his life was abruptly ended when he was assassinated by a contract killer outside his San Antonio home in 1979. This event marked a somber milestone in American legal history, being the first assassination of a federal judge in the 20th century.

Joseph Franklin Rutherford, also known as Judge Rutherford, was an American legal professional who became a prominent religious leader as the second president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. He started his career in law as a court stenographer, trial lawyer, and prosecutor before joining the Bible Student movement. Rutherford was instrumental in the doctrinal evolution of Jehovah's Witnesses, implementing organizational and doctrinal reforms that led to a notable increase in membership during his tenure.

Beverley McLachlin, a distinguished Canadian jurist and author, made history as the first woman to serve as the chief justice of Canada from 2000 to 2017, holding the position longer than any of her predecessors. In 2018, she became the first Canadian jurist appointed as a non-permanent judge on the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal. Her expertise and contributions to the legal field led to her re-appointment for a second term, underscoring her significant impact in the realm of law.

Samuel James Ervin Jr. was a prominent American politician who served as a U.S. Senator from North Carolina from 1954 to 1974. Initially associated with supporting Jim Crow laws and racial segregation, he later became renowned for championing civil liberties. Ervin gained national recognition for his involvement in the committees that exposed Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1954 and his leadership in the Senate committee's investigation of the Watergate scandal, which culminated in President Richard Nixon's resignation in 1974.

Melville Fuller, the eighth chief justice of the United States from 1888 until his death in 1910, was an American politician, attorney, and jurist recognized for his conservatism. He emphasized states' rights, limited federal power, and economic liberty in his legal decisions. Fuller made significant contributions to federal income tax, the Commerce Clause, and citizenship law through his opinions. He also played a role in important rulings on racial segregation and the liberty of contract, although some of his decisions faced criticism and were overturned later on.

William Francis Murphy was a notable American Democrat who held several significant political positions. He served as United States Attorney General, Governor of Michigan, Mayor of Detroit, Governor-General of the Philippines, and High Commissioner to the Philippines. Murphy was a respected lawyer and jurist, having graduated from the University of Michigan Law School and later serving on the Supreme Court of the United States. He is remembered for his work on important cases like SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. and his dissenting opinion in Korematsu v. United States.

James Wilson was an influential American Founding Father who made significant contributions to the shaping of the early United States. He served as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, was a delegate to the Continental Congress, and signed both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. Wilson was a prominent legal scholar and a key figure in drafting the Constitution, advocating for a strong national government and proportional representation. Additionally, he worked as a law professor and encountered financial difficulties in his later years.

Joseph Story, an American lawyer and politician, served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1812 to 1845. His notable contributions include influential opinions in key cases such as Martin v. Hunter's Lessee and United States v. The Amistad. His work "Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States," published in 1833, was a foundational text in early American jurisprudence. Story opposed Jacksonian democracy and influenced American law in a conservative manner that prioritized protecting property rights.

Richard Wagner is a Canadian jurist who has been serving as the Chief Justice of Canada since 2017. Before his current position, he was a puisne justice of the Quebec Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court of Canada. In 2021, he also took on the role of administrator of the government of Canada while continuing to fulfill his duties as chief justice. Wagner has made significant contributions to the Canadian judiciary across different levels, demonstrating his expertise and commitment to upholding the law.

Oliver Ellsworth was a prominent Founding Father of the United States, known for his influential roles in drafting the United States Constitution, serving as a senator from Connecticut, and becoming the third chief justice of the United States. He had a significant impact on shaping the federal judiciary through his authorship of the Judiciary Act of 1789. During his time in the Senate, Ellsworth aligned with the Federalist Party and strongly supported legislative proposals put forth by Alexander Hamilton. As chief justice, he focused on promoting a cohesive approach to writing opinions and also acted as a diplomatic envoy to France.

Guillaume de Nogaret was a French statesman recognized for his service as councilor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France. Throughout his professional career, Nogaret maintained a strong bond with the monarch and actively participated in state matters. He was instrumental in implementing Philip IV's policies and choices, frequently serving as a reliable advisor and overseer. Nogaret's impact was felt across areas such as governance, diplomacy, and law, positioning him as a significant presence at the royal court in his era.

Henry Fielding Dickens, KC, excelled in the legal field, serving as a KC and Common Serjeant of London. His expertise and dedication to the practice of law solidified his reputation as a respected legal practitioner. Henry Fielding Dickens carried on a legacy of excellence and professionalism in his legal career, leaving a lasting impact on the legal community.

Ferdinand Lassalle was a notable Prussian-German figure who played a crucial part in kickstarting the social-democratic movement in Germany. He was the first person in Germany and Europe to effectively lead a socialist action party, showcasing impressive abilities as an agitator. In just two years, Lassalle made a lasting impact by championing key ideas like the night-watchman state and the iron law of wages.

Werner Best was a German jurist and Nazi official who played key roles in the Gestapo and SS during World War II. He oversaw the registration of Jews in Germany and was responsible for organizing the SS-Einsatzgruppen, which carried out mass murders in occupied territories. After the war, Best was convicted of war crimes in Denmark but later advocated for amnesty for Nazi war criminals. He avoided further prosecution in West Germany due to poor health.

Fabian von Schlabrendorff was a German jurist, soldier, and member of the German resistance against Adolf Hitler. He served as a judge of the German Federal Constitutional Court from 1967 to 1975. Von Schlabrendorff was actively involved in opposing the Nazi regime and took part in the unsuccessful July 20, 1944 plot to assassinate Hitler. Throughout his professional career, he demonstrated unwavering dedication to justice and democracy, contributing significantly to the legal and judicial system in post-war Germany.

David Neuberger, Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury, is a distinguished English judge who has held several esteemed positions in the UK legal system. He served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2012 to 2017 and was previously a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. Neuberger also served as Master of the Rolls, the second most senior judge in England and Wales, following the transfer of judicial functions to the Supreme Court in 2009. Currently, he acts as a Non-Permanent Judge of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal and chairs the High-Level Panel of Legal Experts on Media Freedom.

Claro M. Recto was a highly respected Filipino politician and statesman, recognized for his pivotal roles in shaping the Philippines' political landscape. He notably served as president of the 1934 Constitutional Convention and was the author of the 1935 Philippine Constitution. Recto's nationalist leadership propelled him to success as a representative and senator. Despite facing wartime allegations, he was appointed as an Associate Justice to the Supreme Court and later elected as a senator. Throughout his career, Recto staunchly criticized U.S. influence in the Philippines and held key government positions, such as Commissioner of Education and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs.

George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, known as "the Hanging Judge," was a Welsh judge who rose to prominence during King James II's reign. He held the positions of Lord Chancellor and Lord High Steward and was notorious for enforcing royal policies with severity and bias. Jeffreys' judicial decisions were marked by harshness, earning him his infamous nickname. His loyalty to the crown made him a controversial figure in legal history.

Bobby DeLaughter is an American lawyer and former judge known for his role in the civil rights case against Byron De La Beckwith, the white supremacist responsible for the 1963 assassination of civil rights leader Medgar Evers. DeLaughter successfully prosecuted Beckwith in 1994, resulting in a conviction that had eluded justice for over 30 years. His efforts were portrayed in the film Ghosts of Mississippi. DeLaughter's career later faced challenges, including legal troubles that led to his disbarment and imprisonment.

Georg Konrad Morgen was an SS judge and lawyer who investigated crimes in Nazi concentration camps, reaching the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer. Known as a "Blutrichter" or 'blood judge', he had the authority to issue death penalties. Post-war, Morgen testified at anti-Nazi trials and continued his legal career in Frankfurt. He earned the nickname 'The Bloodhound Judge' for his unwavering pursuit of justice. His professional life was marked by his commitment to uncovering crimes and holding perpetrators accountable within the Nazi regime.

Michael Kirby is a prominent Australian jurist and academic recognized for his notable tenure as a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1996 to 2009. Following his retirement, he has remained actively involved in advocating for human rights. Notably, he led the United Nations Human Rights Council's inquiry into human rights violations in North Korea. Kirby's vast legal knowledge and unwavering commitment to upholding human rights have established him as a highly esteemed figure in the legal and international spheres.

Bushrod Washington was an American attorney and politician who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1798 to 1829. He had a close alliance with Chief Justice John Marshall during his time on the Court. Washington was also a co-founder and president of the American Colonization Society, which promoted the emigration of freed slaves to Africa. He inherited George Washington's papers and Mount Vernon, and later published a biography of the first president with Marshall's help.

Hans Heinrich Lammers was a German jurist and prominent Nazi Party politician who served as Chief of the Reich Chancellery under Adolf Hitler from 1933 to 1945. In 1937, he was appointed Reichsminister in the cabinet. Following the 1948–1949 Ministries Trial, Lammers was found guilty of crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and membership in a criminal organization. Initially sentenced to 20 years in prison, his sentence was later reduced to 10 years, and he was released early.

Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg is a German businessman and politician affiliated with the Christian Social Union (CSU). He held several political positions, such as a member of the Bundestag, Secretary-General of the CSU, Federal Minister for Economics and Technology, and Federal Minister of Defense. His political career faced controversy due to a plagiarism scandal surrounding his doctoral dissertation, leading to his resignation from political roles. Following his exit from politics, he ventured into business and advisory activities, founding Spitzberg Partners and re-engaging in German politics in 2017.