Preachers

Joel Osteen is a well-known American pastor, televangelist, businessman, and author based in Houston, Texas. He is famous for his weekly televised services and bestselling books. Osteen is a key figure in the prosperity theology and Word of Faith movement, focusing on spreading messages of positivity, hope, and empowerment through his teachings and writings. His significant presence in the religious and literary realms has positively influenced many seeking spiritual guidance and inspiration.

Fethullah Gülen is a Turkish Muslim scholar and leader of the Gülen movement with millions of followers. He is known for his influence as a neo-Ottomanist, Anatolian panethnicist, Islamic poet, writer, social critic, and activist-dissident. Gülen served as a state imam for over two decades before living in self-exile in the United States. He promotes a tolerant Islam emphasizing altruism, hard work, and education. Despite being wanted as a terrorist leader in multiple countries, Gülen denies accusations of involvement in terrorist activities and the 2016 coup attempt in Turkey.

Girolamo Savonarola, an ascetic Dominican friar in Renaissance Florence, preached against corruption, despotic rule, and the exploitation of the poor, promoting Christian renewal. He rose to power during political upheaval, establishing a republic under his leadership. Savonarola led moralistic campaigns, such as destroying secular art, and clashed with the papacy on reforms. Despite excommunication and condemnation, his followers persisted in advocating for religious reform and republican ideals.

Clarence LaVaughn Franklin was a significant American Baptist minister and civil rights activist. His strong oratory skills and commitment to social justice were evident during his over three-decade tenure as the pastor of New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit. Franklin's influential preaching style and dedication to advocating for equality and justice made him a key figure in the civil rights movement, extending his impact beyond the church walls.

Charles Haddon Spurgeon, the influential English Particular Baptist preacher known as the "Prince of Preachers," defended the Reformed Baptist tradition and opposed liberal theological tendencies. He served as pastor at the New Park Street Chapel, later the Metropolitan Tabernacle, in London for 38 years. Spurgeon actively engaged with the poor, establishing an Almshouse and orphanage. Additionally, he founded Spurgeon's College and authored numerous sermons, books, commentaries, hymns, and poetry, acclaimed for their profound thought and clear exposition.

General Butt Naked, also known as Joshua Milton Blahyi, is a former Liberian warlord turned evangelical preacher and writer. He gained notoriety during the First Liberian Civil War for leading a group of soldiers who committed atrocities, including child sacrifice and cannibalism. After converting to Christianity in 1996, he abandoned his violent past and became a pastor. Blahyi later testified at the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission, acknowledging his role in the conflict and seeking redemption through his public confession.

Zakir Abdul Karim Naik is an Indian Islamic public orator known for focusing on comparative religion. He is the founder and president of the Islamic Research Foundation (IRF) and Peace TV. Naik is associated with the Salafi school of thought and is a prominent figure in the Islamic world. Despite facing charges of money laundering in India, Naik became a permanent resident of Malaysia and denies all allegations. His Peace TV channel has faced bans in various countries due to hate speech laws.

Anne Hutchinson, a Puritan spiritual advisor and religious reformer, clashed with established clergy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony due to her strong convictions. Her popularity and charisma sparked a theological schism, leading to her trial, conviction, and banishment. Hutchinson played a significant role in the Antinomian Controversy, challenging local ministers' orthodox teachings. She went on to establish the settlement of Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where she continued to advocate for religious freedom and civil liberty while challenging ministerial authority.

Nouman Ali Khan, an American Islamic scholar, is renowned for establishing the Bayyinah Institute for Arabic and Qur'anic Studies. He has also taught Arabic at Nassau Community College and is recognized for his expertise in the field. His work has led to global recognition, with him being named among the 500 most influential Muslims by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre of Jordan. Through his teachings and scholarly contributions in Arabic and Qur'anic studies, Nouman Ali Khan has had a significant impact on individuals worldwide.

Abdul Qadir Gilani was a famous Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi leader. He established the Qadiriyya Sufi order, one of the oldest in Sufism. Gilani's deep knowledge and spiritual teachings left a lasting mark on Islamic scholarship and mysticism. His life's work focused on sharing Islamic teachings, mentoring followers on their spiritual journey, and laying a solid groundwork for the Qadiriyya order, which remains influential in Sufism today.

Cotton Mather, a prominent Puritan clergyman and author in colonial New England, was known for his extensive writings on theological, historical, and scientific subjects. He served as a minister at the Congregationalist Old North Meeting House in Boston, where he preached throughout his life. Mather played a significant role in the 1689 revolt against Governor Andros and was involved in the controversial Salem witch trials. Additionally, he was noted for his historical work, particularly his publication of Magnalia Christi Americana in 1702. Mather's contributions to science included research on plant hybridization and advocacy for smallpox inoculation, which stirred controversy in Boston.

Carlton Pearson, an American Christian minister and gospel music artist, gained recognition for leading the Higher Dimensions Evangelistic Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma, which was later renamed the Higher Dimensions Family Church and had over 6,000 attendees in the 1990s. He faced criticism from the Joint College of African-American Pentecostal Bishops for his belief in universal reconciliation, resulting in his labeling as a heretic in 2004. Pearson later served as the senior minister of Christ Universal Temple in Chicago and was affiliated with All Souls Unitarian Church in Tulsa.

Ted Arthur Haggard is a Methodist pastor who founded and served as the former pastor of New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He also co-founded the Association of Life-Giving Churches and was president of the National Association of Evangelicals. In 2006, his career faced controversy due to allegations of drug use and sexual misconduct with a male prostitute, resulting in his resignation from New Life Church. Subsequently, he and his wife established Saint James Church in Colorado Springs.

Fulton J. Sheen, an American Catholic bishop, was well-known for his television and radio preaching. He was ordained a priest in 1919 and became a celebrated theologian, receiving the Cardinal Mercier Prize for International Philosophy in 1923. Sheen taught theology and philosophy at the Catholic University of America and later served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York. He hosted popular radio and television programs, earning two Emmy Awards and is recognized as one of the pioneer televangelists. Sheen's cause for canonization began in 2002, and in 2012, he was declared venerable by Pope Benedict XVI.

John Bunyan, an English writer and Puritan preacher, is renowned for his Christian allegory "The Pilgrim's Progress," a significant literary work. He authored close to sixty titles, primarily expanded sermons. Bunyan started as a tinker and transitioned to preaching in a nonconformist group in Bedford. Despite enduring several imprisonments for persisting in his preaching, he persisted in writing and preaching, ultimately achieving popularity as an author and pastor.

James Clayton Dobson Jr. is an American evangelical Christian author, psychologist, and founder of Focus on the Family (FotF), a prominent organization advocating for traditional family values and conservative social positions. He led FotF from 1977 until 2010 and produced the daily radio program broadcast worldwide in multiple languages. Dobson is known for promoting heterosexual marriage and traditional gender roles based on Christian teachings. He has also founded organizations such as the Family Research Council and the Dr. James Dobson Family Institute to further spread his ideas.

Kenneth Erwin Hagin was a prominent American preacher who played a key role in establishing the Word of Faith movement. He dedicated his career to disseminating his teachings through books, radio broadcasts, and speaking engagements. Hagin's message focused on the importance of positive confession, healing, and prosperity through faith in God's promises. His ministry left a lasting impact on evangelical Christianity, influencing numerous followers and leaving behind a lasting legacy in spiritual teachings.

Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale played a significant role in the Khalistan movement in India. As the leader of the Damdami Taksal, a Sikh religious institution, he supported the Anandpur Sahib Resolution. Bhindranwale gained prominence after the 1978 Sikh-Nirankari clash and led the Dharam Yudh Morcha campaign. He established a parallel government within the Golden Temple complex, handling disputes and engaging in militant activities. Bhindranwale's involvement in attacks and his advocacy for a separate Sikh state made him a controversial and divisive figure in Indian history.

Shepherd Bushiri is a prominent Malawian preacher, religious leader, businessman, and author. He founded the non-denominational church, Enlightened Christian Gathering, with headquarters initially in Mzuzu and later moved to Lilongwe, expanding globally. Bushiri is also the founder of Shepherd Bushiri Investments, with interests in forex trading, real estate, and the airline industry. The company faced legal issues related to fraud and money laundering, leading to asset seizures. Additionally, Bushiri owns various businesses including a television channel, telecommunications company, farms, properties, and sports academies.

Father Divine was the American spiritual leader behind the International Peace Mission movement. Initially known as "the Messenger," he played a key role in expanding the movement from a small, mostly black congregation to a diverse and global church. While he was influential in shaping the movement's beliefs, his proclamation of being God sparked controversy and negative attention, with some labeling him as a cult leader.

Dwight Lyman Moody, also known as D.L. Moody, was a prominent American evangelist and publisher associated with Keswickianism. He established various institutions such as the Moody Church, Northfield School, Mount Hermon School (now Northfield Mount Hermon School), Moody Bible Institute, and Moody Publishers. Moody transitioned from a successful boot and shoe business to focus on revivalism. He played a significant role in the Civil War by supporting Union troops through the YMCA. Moody's captivating speaking style, often accompanied by singer Ira Sankey, attracted large audiences in both the United States and the British Isles.

William Brewster was an influential English official and Mayflower passenger in 1620. He played a crucial role in the establishment of Plymouth Colony and became its senior elder and leader. Brewster, a Brownist or Puritan Separatist, used his education and reputation among the immigrants from the Netherlands to guide the colony to success. His leadership in religious matters and community building was instrumental in the early development of Plymouth Colony.

Charles Grandison Finney was a notable Presbyterian minister and leader who played a significant role in the Second Great Awakening in the U.S. Referred to as the "Father of Old Revivalism," he was known for his fervent preaching style, support for Christian perfectionism, and opposition to traditional Reformed theology. Finney also championed social reforms like abolitionism and advocated for equal education for women and African Americans. He taught at Oberlin College, where he served as president and spearheaded activism for abolitionism, the Underground Railroad, and universal education.

Henry Ward Beecher was a prominent American Congregationalist clergyman and social reformer known for his advocacy of the abolition of slavery, emphasis on God's love, and distinctive speaking style. He served as the first pastor of the Plymouth Church in Brooklyn, New York, and gained recognition for his powerful lectures. Beecher was actively involved in various social reform movements, such as abolitionism and women's suffrage. Despite encountering scandal and a highly publicized adultery trial, he continued to be a significant figure in 19th-century America.

William Booth, an English Methodist preacher, co-founded the Salvation Army with his wife Catherine in 1865. He served as the organization's first General from 1878 until his passing in 1912. Booth implemented a quasi-military structure within the Salvation Army and oversaw its growth into a global Christian movement known for its humanitarian aid initiatives. His career was focused on advancing the Salvation Army's mission of assisting the marginalized and needy on a global scale.

Hal Lindsey is an influential American evangelical writer and television host known for his widely-read apocalyptic books, beginning with The Late Great Planet Earth in 1970. He is known for his belief that the Apocalypse, including events like the rapture, is imminent based on current events aligning with Bible prophecy. Lindsey is a Christian Zionist and dispensationalist, emphasizing the idea that biblical events are actively occurring in the modern world. His writings and television presence have had a significant influence on evangelical perspectives on eschatology.

William Miller was an American clergyman who founded the religious movement known as Millerism in the mid-19th century. His prediction of the Second Coming in the 1840s did not occur as expected. Nevertheless, his teachings influenced the formation of new groups like the Advent Christians in 1860 and the Seventh-day Adventists in 1863, as well as other Adventist movements. Miller's impact endured beyond his era, shaping the beliefs and traditions of various Adventist denominations that are active today.

William J. Seymour was a Holiness Pentecostal preacher who initiated the Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles in 1906. He preached a Pentecostal message that emphasized speaking in tongues as a sign of receiving the baptism in the Holy Spirit. Seymour's leadership of the revival and publication of The Apostolic Faith newspaper helped him gain prominence in the young Pentecostal movement. However, his efforts to expand the revival into a larger organization, the Apostolic Faith Movement, faced challenges due to power struggles with other ministers, resulting in a decline in his influence.

Edir Macedo is a prominent Brazilian evangelical bishop, writer, and billionaire businessman. He is best known as the founder of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) and the owner and chairman of Record, the third-largest television network in Brazil. Macedo founded Grupo Record in 1989 after acquiring the network, solidifying his influence in the media industry. With a successful career spanning decades, he has made a significant impact in both the religious and business sectors in Brazil.

Adoniram Judson was a committed American missionary who dedicated nearly forty years to preaching and translating the Bible into Burmese in Burma. He played a key role in founding the first Baptist association in America to aid missionaries, collaborating closely with Luther Rice. Judson's initiatives resulted in the establishment of many Baptist churches in Burma, making him a notable figure among the early Protestant missionaries in the region. His tireless work and devotion significantly influenced the growth of Christianity in Burma.

Vincent Ferrer, OP, a Valencian Dominican friar, was recognized for his impactful role as a preacher, missionary, and logic expert. Renowned for his eloquent sermons and unwavering dedication to spreading Catholic teachings, he inspired many through his leadership in faith. Saint Vincent Ferrer is revered in the Catholic Church and other traditions for his significant contributions to spirituality and faith.

Johann Tetzel, a German Dominican friar and preacher, held the position of Grand Commissioner for indulgences in Germany. He offered indulgences on behalf of the Catholic Church in return for monetary donations, providing a pardon for sins that had already been forgiven. Tetzel's methods, such as selling indulgences to raise funds for St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, were highly controversial and played a role in Martin Luther writing his Ninety-five Theses.

Leonard Percival Howell, also known as The Gong or G. G. Maragh, was a Jamaican religious figure and a key pioneer of the Rastafari movement. He preached about Haile Selassie I's coronation as Emperor of Ethiopia, emphasizing his role as the Messiah. Despite facing persecution, arrest, and imprisonment for his teachings, Howell's movement thrived, promoting ideals of black liberation and Pan-Africanism. His impactful legacy as an anti-colonial advocate has been acknowledged worldwide.

Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi was a renowned Islamic scholar and former Egyptian minister of Endowments. He gained immense popularity as one of Egypt's most successful Islamic preachers, known for his captivating preaching style. Throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, he became a prominent figure in Egyptian culture, admired for his profound knowledge of Islam and his ability to connect with audiences. His impact as a religious leader and public speaker left a lasting impression on Egyptian society during his professional career.

Harold Samuel Kushner was a highly regarded American rabbi, author, and lecturer known for his progressive views within the Conservative movement. He served as the congregational rabbi of Temple Israel of Natick for 24 years and was acclaimed for his ability to simplify complex theological concepts in his widely read books. Kushner received awards such as the Christopher Award and the Jewish Book Council's Lifetime Achievement Award for his works, which delve into topics such as human suffering, divine kindness, and life's purpose. He argued against the concept of an interventionist God, instead emphasizing God's role in providing comfort to those in need.

Praise-God Barebone was a prominent figure in English history during the 17th century. He was known for his involvement in Barebone's Parliament of the English Commonwealth in 1653, where he played a key role. An English leather-seller by trade, Barebone demonstrated his business skills through his dealings in leather goods. Additionally, his role as a preacher indicated his active participation in religious activities, likely promoting the beliefs of the Fifth Monarchists. Overall, he had a dual professional life, engaging in commerce and religious leadership, making a significant impact during this period in English history.

Lyman Beecher, a Presbyterian minister, was recognized for his involvement in religious controversies and esteemed as a prominent religious figure of his time. He was highly respected for embodying national moral ideals and guiding established clergy, extending his influence beyond theological matters. Beecher played a vital role in shaping the religious environment of his era and was seen as a key figure in promoting moral leadership among the clergy.

Je Tsongkhapa was a prominent Tibetan Buddhist monk, philosopher, and tantric yogi known for founding the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. He extensively studied diverse Tibetan Buddhist traditions and authored numerous works focusing on Buddhist philosophy, logic, and practice. Tsongkhapa's writings integrated various philosophical perspectives and underscored the significance of cultivating an accurate understanding of reality through thorough study, analysis, and contemplation. His philosophical methodology merged logic and ethics with a unique perspective on emptiness, interpreting phenomena as existing interdependently and conventionally.

John Humphrey Noyes was an influential American preacher and radical religious philosopher who founded the Putney, Oneida, and Wallingford Communities. These communities aimed to establish communal living arrangements based on his principles. Noyes is known for introducing the concept of "complex marriage," a form of social organization that challenged traditional ideas about relationships and marriage. His work and writings on communal living and social reform had a significant influence on the utopian movement in the United States in the 19th century.

Nicholas Ridley was an English Bishop known for his teachings and support of Lady Jane Grey. He was one of the Oxford Martyrs and was burned at the stake during the Marian Persecutions. He is commemorated in the calendar of saints in some parts of the Anglican Communion on 16 October, along with Hugh Latimer. Ridley's professional life in the Church of England was marked by his religious leadership, advocacy for his beliefs, and martyrdom for his faith.

Johnny Lee Clary had a varied professional journey, beginning as a professional wrestler under the name Johnny Angel in the National Wrestling Federation (NWF). He then became associated with white supremacist organizations, eventually rising to a leadership position in the Ku Klux Klan. However, Clary experienced a profound change after embracing Pentecostal Christianity. He committed himself to spreading the gospel and actively opposing racism and hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan, neo-Nazis, and the Aryan Nations. Clary traveled extensively, delivering messages of love and unity to audiences around the globe.

Richard Price was a notable figure known for his contributions as a moral philosopher, mathematician, Nonconformist minister, and political reformer. He supported radical and liberal causes, playing a role in the French and American Revolutions. Price facilitated communication among influential figures like Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. As a London minister, he edited and published important works on actuarial science, demography, and finance. Price's impact as a thinker and fellow of the Royal Society is acknowledged in history.

Peter Marshall was a renowned Scottish-American preacher and pastor at the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church in Washington, D.C. He also served as the Chaplain of the United States Senate. His legacy was further established through the success of the biography "A Man Called Peter" by his widow, Catherine Marshall. The 1955 film adaptation of the book received critical acclaim and even earned an Academy Award nomination for its cinematography. Marshall's influence in both religious and political circles remains noteworthy and honored to this day.

William R. Bright, an American evangelist, founded Campus Crusade for Christ in 1951 at the University of California, Los Angeles. He wrote The Four Spiritual Laws in 1952 and created the film Jesus in 1979. In 1996, he received the $1.1 million Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, which he used to support fasting and prayer initiatives. Bright retired as the organization's leader in 2001, handing over the reins to Steve Douglass, and he passed away in 2003.

Gary Spivey is a renowned spiritual healer and psychic who has achieved success through multiple platforms. He has made appearances on radio, television, and live casino events to demonstrate his psychic talents. Spivey provides personal readings and hosts seminars, workshops, and retreats to share his spiritual wisdom with audiences. Through his media presence and live engagements, he has become a respected figure in the field of spiritual healing and psychic phenomena.

Richard of Chichester, also known as Richard de Wych, was a saint and Bishop of Chichester who played a significant role in the Church. A shrine dedicated to him in Chichester Cathedral became a popular pilgrimage site, and his patronage extended to Sussex in southern England. Unfortunately, during the reign of Henry VIII, the shrine was destroyed on the orders of Thomas Cromwell in 1538. Richard's saint's day on 16 June has been celebrated as Sussex Day since 2007, honoring his legacy in the region.

Pierre Vogel, also known as Abu Hamza, is a German Islamic preacher who was previously a professional boxer. He is well-known for his impactful speeches on Islamic teachings and beliefs. Transitioning from boxing to preaching marked a significant change in his career focus, as he now dedicates himself to spreading his faith through public speaking and educational initiatives. With a prominent role in the Islamic community, Vogel inspires and educates others through his religious teachings and support for Islam.

John Cotton was a prominent clergyman and theologian known for his Puritan beliefs and efforts to reform the Church of England from within. He faced pressure for his non-conforming practices in England before relocating to New England, where he became a respected scholar, preacher, and influential advocate for Congregationalism. Cotton played a key role in religious controversies and significantly influenced the governance of churches in the region.

Peter of Verona, also known as Saint Peter Martyr, was a 13th-century Italian Catholic priest and Dominican friar celebrated for his eloquent preaching and service as Inquisitor in Lombardy. His steadfast dedication to upholding Catholic doctrine ultimately led to his assassination by a heretic. Despite his untimely death, he was quickly canonized as a saint, setting a historical record for the fastest canonization. Peter of Verona's professional life was characterized by his unwavering commitment to the Church and his courageous defense of its teachings.

William Ellery Channing was a notable Unitarian preacher and theologian during the early nineteenth century in the United States. Renowned for his eloquent sermons and public speaking, he was a prominent figure in liberal theology. His impact reached the New England Transcendentalists, although he did not completely align with their beliefs. Channing's support for Unitarianism was demonstrated in his significant "Baltimore Sermon" given in 1819. He played a crucial role in influencing the theological environment of his era and was esteemed for his scholarly insights.

Ali al-Jifri is a prominent Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar and spiritual educator, known for his work in the United Arab Emirates. He founded the Tabah Foundation, a respected research institute in Abu Dhabi. With a direct lineage to the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, al-Jifri is recognized for his deep knowledge of Islamic teachings and his contributions to spiritual education. His professional life is dedicated to promoting understanding and practice of Islam, particularly in the UAE and beyond.

Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet, was an Anglo-Irish diplomat and financial reformer known for his service under the Commonwealth of England and Charles II. He implemented significant reforms in public finance as Teller of the Exchequer, including the implementation of the Navigation Acts to safeguard English maritime commerce. Downing played a crucial part in the acquisition of New York City from the Dutch in 1665. His legacy is honored in New York with streets named after him and in London with Downing Street.

Theophilus of Antioch served as Patriarch of Antioch from around 169 to 182, succeeding Eros and followed by Maximus I in 183. His writings, particularly his apology to Autolycus, illustrate his conversion from paganism to Christianity through the study of the Holy Scriptures. Known for his fervor in defending the Christian faith against heretics, notably Marcion, Theophilus made significant contributions to Christian literature, polemics, exegetics, and apologetics, establishing himself as a prominent figure in the early Church.

Elizabeth of Portugal, as queen consort, was renowned for her commitment to charitable endeavors, peace advocacy, and reconciliation efforts. She played a crucial role in mediating disputes and nurturing diplomatic ties between Portugal and other nations. Elizabeth was esteemed for her compassion, generosity, and unwavering dedication to justice. She was actively involved in supporting various philanthropic initiatives, particularly in caring for the less fortunate. Her enduring legacy includes being recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church for her remarkable life of service and empathy.

Marcelino Manuel da Graça, known as Charles Manuel "Sweet Daddy" Grace, was the founder and first bishop of the United House of Prayer For All People. He was a prominent religious leader within the African-American community and was recognized alongside influential figures like Father Divine, Noble Drew Ali, and Ernest Holmes. Grace's ministry was known for reported acts of faith healing and followers attributing his leadership to divine signs. His professional legacy includes establishing the United House of Prayer For All People and his significant influence within the African-American community.

Robert Moffat was a Scottish Congregationalist missionary who devoted fifty-four years to Africa. He initiated his missionary work in South Africa and was the first to translate and publish the Bible in the Sechuana language. Moffat focused on preaching, educating the locals, and discussing the Bible. He partnered with David Livingstone on different missionary projects in southern Africa, making a significant contribution to the spread of Christianity and education in the region.

Orestes Brownson was a versatile American intellectual, recognized for his roles as a publicist, preacher, labor organizer, and writer. He began his career associated with the New England Transcendentalists but later converted to Roman Catholicism, which significantly influenced his trajectory. Brownson engaged in a wide range of intellectual pursuits throughout his professional life, contributing to public discourse through his writings and activism. His transition from transcendentalism to Catholicism exemplifies his profound intellectual curiosity and dedication to exploring diverse philosophical and religious viewpoints.

Stigand was a prominent Anglo-Saxon church figure in pre-Norman Conquest England, serving as a royal chaplain and advisor to multiple Anglo-Saxon and Norman English kings. Holding the bishoprics of Winchester and Canterbury concurrently, he clashed with several popes and was known for his administrative and advisory roles in various monarchies. Stigand played key roles in events such as the coronation of Harold Godwinson and the crowning of William the Conqueror, despite facing pressure for his removal. He remained influential in the royal court until his imprisonment and deposition in 1070.

George A. Smith was a prominent figure in the early Latter Day Saint movement, serving in leadership roles within the LDS Church. He was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and held a position in the First Presidency. Smith contributed significantly to the establishment of communities in southern Utah and was involved in the events preceding the Mountain Meadows Massacre in 1857. The city of St. George, Utah, is thought to have been named in his honor.

Pope Adeodatus I was the bishop of Rome from 19 October 615 until his passing. He was the first priest elected as pope in over 80 years. During his papacy, he introduced the use of lead seals or bullae on papal documents, a practice that became a standard in official papal communications. His contributions to the administrative aspects of the papacy left a lasting impact, and he is commemorated annually on 8 November as his feast day.

António Vieira was a multifaceted figure known for his contributions as a Portuguese Jesuit priest, diplomat, orator, preacher, philosopher, writer, and member of the Royal Council to the King of Portugal. Throughout his professional life, Vieira engaged in various roles that allowed him to influence both the religious and political landscapes of his time. His impressive oratory skills, diplomatic endeavors, and philosophical writings solidified his reputation as a significant figure in Portuguese history, leaving a lasting impact on society during the 17th century.

Amr Mohamed Helmi Khaled is an Egyptian Muslim activist and television preacher known for his influential message that appeals to many Muslims seeking a simplified understanding of Islam. He gained international recognition, being described by The New York Times Magazine as "the world's most famous and influential Muslim television preacher" and was selected as one of Time magazine's 100 most influential people in 2007. His work has reached English-speaking audiences and has had a significant impact on promoting a positive image of Islam worldwide.

George Wishart was a Scottish Protestant Reformer known for his teachings and preaching in various locations such as Montrose, Dundee, and Ayrshire. He was well-educated, having studied at the University of Aberdeen and spent time on the Continent. Wishart also taught Greek and resided in Cambridge for about six years. Upon returning to Scotland, he continued to spread the Reformed doctrines, eventually being apprehended, tried, and condemned as a heretic. He was executed at the stake in St. Andrews, with Cardinal David Beaton witnessing his death.

John of Ávila, a Spanish priest, was renowned for his work as a preacher, scholastic author, and religious mystic. The Catholic Church honored him with the titles of saint and Doctor of the Church. Known as the "Apostle of Andalusia," he focused on an extensive ministry in the region, dedicating himself to spreading Church teachings and providing spiritual guidance to many in his community.

Athenagoras of Athens was a notable Father of the Church and an early Christian apologist. He was recognized as a philosopher prior to his conversion to Christianity and became known for defending and elucidating Christian beliefs during the 2nd century. His contributions as an apologist were influential in shaping early Christian theology and apologetics. The Eastern Orthodox Church commemorates his feast day on 24 July in recognition of his significant impact on the faith.

Peter J. Gomes was a distinguished preacher and lecturer, acknowledged by Time Magazine as one of the "seven stars of the pulpit." He spoke at prestigious events in both the US and UK, representing Harvard University at Cambridge University. Gomes wrote ten collections of sermons and two popular books on biblical literacy. He was a strong supporter of LGBTQ+ rights and was highly influential in religious and political circles. Gomes also served in leadership positions at several academic and cultural organizations and gave lectures at numerous colleges and universities.

Moishe Rosen, an American minister, founded and served as the Executive Director of Jews for Jesus. He played a crucial role in defining the organization's mission of evangelizing to the Jewish community through Christian teachings. Rosen dedicated his career to promoting interfaith dialogue and building bridges between Christianity and Judaism. Through his work with Jews for Jesus, he demonstrated his dedication to sharing the Christian faith with Jews while fostering mutual understanding and respect among diverse religious beliefs.

Carl McIntire was a well-known figure in the religious community, being a founder and minister in the Bible Presbyterian Church. He also established and led the International Council of Christian Churches and the American Council of Christian Churches. McIntire was recognized for his work as a religious radio broadcaster, spreading his fundamentalist beliefs to a large audience. Throughout his career, McIntire was committed to advocating for and upholding his conservative Christian perspectives through different avenues and groups.

Philipp Jakob Spener, a German Lutheran theologian, is recognized as the founder of Pietism. Referred to as the "Father of Pietism," he was a prolific writer, known for works such as Pia desideria and Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit. Spener served as chief pastor in the Lutheran Church in Frankfurt before moving to Berlin at the invitation of the court of Brandenburg. Despite facing opposition and accusations of theological errors, he played a significant role in establishing the University of Halle and had ongoing conflicts with Lutheran orthodoxy.

Amanda Smith was a prominent American Methodist preacher and former slave who played a key role in the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. She established the Amanda Smith Orphanage and Industrial Home for Abandoned and Destitute Colored Children in the vicinity of Chicago. Known for her advocacy of entire sanctification, she delivered powerful sermons at Methodist camp meetings worldwide. Amanda Smith dedicated her career to empowering marginalized communities, especially disadvantaged children, through her charitable endeavors and her fight for spiritual revival and social equality.

Steve Brown is an American Christian author, radio broadcaster, and former seminary professor at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida. He is ordained in the Presbyterian Church in America and is known for his Calvinist beliefs. Through his career in writing, broadcasting, and teaching, Steve Brown has been influential in sharing Christian teachings and perspectives. His work demonstrates a profound understanding of theological concepts and a dedication to communicating his beliefs through different mediums.

Otto of Freising, a German churchman of the Cistercian order, served as the bishop of Freising from 1138. He chronicled texts that offer insights into the political history of his era. Otto also took part in the Second Crusade, traveling to Jerusalem before returning to Bavaria in the late 1140s. He remained in Europe for another decade, playing a significant role in church leadership and contributing to historical records.

Thomas Walsingham, an English chronicler and Benedictine monk at St Albans Abbey, was known for producing significant works like the Chronicon Angliæ and Ypodigma Neustriæ. His writings offer valuable insight into the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and Edward III, shedding light on English affairs during that period. Walsingham also documented the careers of notable figures such as John Wycliff and Wat Tyler, contributing to the historical record of his time.

Allen Allensworth was a notable figure in American history, known for his roles as a chaplain, colonel, city founder, and theologian. He escaped slavery during the Civil War and later became ordained as a Baptist minister. Throughout his career, Allensworth worked as a teacher, led churches, and served as a chaplain in the US Army. He achieved the historic milestone of being the first African American to attain the rank of lieutenant colonel in the army. Additionally, Allensworth was a respected public speaker who inspired Black youth through his lectures and established the community of Allensworth in California.

André of Longjumeau, a French Dominican friar, served as an interpreter and ambassador for King Louis IX of France. He played a crucial role in diplomatic relations between the French court and the Mongol Empire, notably during Güyük Khan's reign. André undertook a challenging journey to the Mongol court, encountering obstacles and witnessing the aftermath of conflicts. His reports, a blend of historical facts and embellishments, provided insights into Mongol customs and Christianity. Despite his efforts, André's mission ended in failure, leading to disappointment for King Louis IX.

Quadratus of Athens, a Greek Apostolic Father, served as a bishop in Athens and was one of the Seventy Apostles in the Eastern Churches. His professional life was dedicated to spreading Christianity's teachings and guiding the early Christian community in Athens. As a bishop, Quadratus played a significant role in shaping the religious landscape of the region, contributing to the growth and establishment of the Christian faith in Athens and beyond. His influence and leadership had a lasting impact on the development of early Christianity.

Geert Groote played a significant role in the late 14th century by founding the Modern Devotion movement in the Netherlands. He drew numerous young followers to his teachings, which emphasized Christian piety and education. Together with his disciple Florens Radewyns, Groote founded the Brethren of the Common Life and later the Windesheim Congregation of canons regular. He dedicated himself to expanding these communities across the region, advocating for inner peace through self-denial and solitary meditation. Groote's influence shaped religious practices in the Netherlands and Germany during the 15th century.

Peter Jasper Akinola is a prominent figure in the Anglican Communion, having served as the former Anglican Primate of the Church of Nigeria. He was also the former bishop of Abuja and Archbishop of Province III. Akinola is known for his "low church" Evangelical beliefs, emphasizing the Bible and apostolic tradition. He has been a staunch advocate for upholding traditional Christian teachings and has opposed theological developments he deems incompatible with orthodox Anglicanism. Akinola's leadership and conservative stance have had a significant impact on the Anglican Communion.

Edward Robinson was a prominent American biblical scholar known for his significant contributions to Biblical Geography and Archaeology. His influential work, including his renowned book Biblical Researches in Palestine, earned him the titles "Father of Biblical Geography" and "Founder of Modern Palestinology." He studied in both the United States and Germany, translating scriptural texts and creating a highly respected Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament. Through his authoritative publications and research, Robinson became a leading figure in the field of biblical scholarship and exploration.

Thomas Goodwin, also known as "the Elder," was an influential English Puritan theologian and preacher who played a significant role in the religious Independent movement. He served as chaplain to Oliver Cromwell and was appointed President of Magdalen College, Oxford, by Parliament in 1650. Goodwin is recognized as a key figure in Puritan thought, with his work being influential in shaping religious perspectives during his time. He made important contributions to theology and preaching, leaving a lasting impact on the religious landscape of his era.

Bhai Gurdas was a renowned Sikh writer, historian, and preacher recognized for his substantial impact on Sikh literature. He held the esteemed position of Jathedar of the Akal Takht, a position of great authority in the Sikh community. Gurdas played a crucial role in compiling the early version of the Guru Granth Sahib, serving as the scribe for Guru Arjan. His role as an amanuensis was pivotal in safeguarding the teachings and scriptures of Sikhism for posterity.

James Chalmers, a Scottish missionary, was renowned for his impactful work in New Guinea. He devoted himself to sharing the message of Christianity and offering assistance to the indigenous communities. Chalmers played a key role in setting up missions, fostering connections with the local tribes, and advocating for education and healthcare initiatives. Despite encountering perilous situations during his extensive travels in the region, he was admired for his dedication to uplifting others and fostering understanding between different cultures through his missionary endeavors.

The Public Universal Friend was an American preacher who claimed to have died and been reanimated as a genderless evangelist, rejecting birth name and gendered pronouns. Preaching in neutral attire, they emphasized free will, opposed slavery, and promoted sexual abstinence. Followers formed the Society of Universal Friends, with a core group of unmarried women in leadership roles. The Society acquired land in Western New York, founding the town of Jerusalem. The Friend's legacy is a subject of debate, with views ranging from fraudster to transgender pioneer.

Hugh Peter was an English preacher, political advisor, and soldier who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War. Known for his flamboyant preaching style that advanced the Puritan cause, he emigrated to America and later returned to England to become a key ally of Oliver Cromwell. Peter was involved in the trial and execution of Charles I and made radical proposals to disestablish the Church of England. He was eventually executed as a regicide after the Restoration.

Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, a French Jesuit priest, served in Qing China during the Qianlong Emperor's reign. He was ordained in 1746 and sought overseas mission work, leading him to China in 1749. Amiot resided in Beijing until his passing, promoting cultural exchange between Europe and China by translating Chinese texts into French. Particularly noteworthy was his translation of Sun Tzu's The Art of War into a Western language, establishing him as a crucial intermediary in academic circles.

Ferenc Dávid, a Protestant preacher from Transylvania, was instrumental in founding the Unitarian Church of Transylvania. Initially ordained as a Roman Catholic priest, he later became a Lutheran minister and eventually a Calvinist bishop. Dávid explored different Christian denominations but ultimately rejected mainstream Christian beliefs, such as the Trinity, in favor of Unitarianism. His contributions were significant in the Nontrinitarian Christian movements of the Protestant Reformation.

Piotr Skarga was a prominent Polish Jesuit known for his skills as a preacher, hagiographer, and polemicist during the Counter-Reformation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He advocated for reforms in the political system, emphasizing the need to strengthen the monarch's authority over the parliament and nobility. Skarga held positions as a professor at the Kraków Academy and as the first rector of the Wilno Academy. He was also a prolific writer, with notable works such as "The Lives of the Saints" and "Sejm Sermons".

Frederick William Robertson, also known as Robertson of Brighton, was a prominent English divine celebrated for his significant influence on religious thought and pastoral ministry. As the minister of Trinity Chapel in Brighton, he was praised for his compelling preaching techniques and forward-thinking theological perspectives. Robertson dedicated his career to championing social justice, supporting the underprivileged, and advocating for a more inclusive and empathetic interpretation of Christianity.

Gabriel Biel, a German scholastic philosopher and member of the Canons Regular of the Congregation of Windesheim, was ordained as a priest in 1432. He pursued academic success at Heidelberg University and the University of Erfurt before transferring to the University of Cologne. Biel then returned to Erfurt to complete his studies. He is known for his reliance on the scholastic tradition, particularly the views of William of Ockham. Biel is considered an articulate spokesman of the via moderna and a discerning user of the thought of via antiqua.

Jean-Jacques Olier was a French Catholic priest renowned for founding the Sulpicians and playing a pivotal role in establishing the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal. He was instrumental in organizing the settlement of Ville-Marie (now Montreal) in the New France colony. Olier's professional life was dedicated to religious and educational pursuits, focusing on training priests and promoting spiritual renewal. His efforts in establishing religious communities and fostering the growth of new settlements had a lasting impact on the Catholic Church in France and North America.

John Murray was a key figure in the Universalist denomination in the United States, recognized for his founding role and leadership as a minister. He played a crucial role in shaping and promoting the Universalist movement nationwide. Dedicated to spreading Universalist beliefs and values, Murray inspired many through his teachings and leadership. His contributions were instrumental in establishing Universalism as a respected denomination in America, leaving a lasting impact on the religious landscape.

Regino of Prüm was a leading figure in ecclesiastical circles during the 9th century. He served as the abbot of Prüm monastery and engaged in scholarly activities at the behest of influential figures such as Archbishop Radbod of Trier and Archbishop Hatto I of Mainz. Regino focused on ecclesiastical discipline in his work, producing a collection of canons for church visitations. His contributions, notably the Canon Episcopi addressing popular superstitions, were highly esteemed and had a lasting impact, with excerpts from his writings being included in later compilations such as the Decretum Burchardi.

Śāriputra, a top disciple of the Buddha, played a key leadership role in the ministry, contributing significantly to the development of Buddhist Abhidharma. As one of the chief male disciples, he was instrumental in the Sangha, overseeing monks, guiding meditation practices, and clarifying doctrinal points. Renowned for his wisdom and teaching ability, he was granted the title "General of the Dharma." Śāriputra is depicted in Buddhist art alongside the Buddha, symbolizing his importance and revered status as one of the foremost disciples in Buddhism.

William Wadé Harris was a Liberian Grebo evangelist known for his impactful preaching in Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, and Ghana. Revered as a pioneer of the prosperity gospel, he is hailed as one of Africa's most remarkable evangelists. Harris conducted a solo evangelical crusade that left a lasting impression on the continent. His efforts have had a lasting influence on modern-day evangelism and religious practices, earning him a reputation as a significant figure in African religious history.

Ali Belhadj is a prominent Algerian Islamist activist and preacher who co-founded the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) political party. He played a significant role in the political landscape of Algeria, with the FIS achieving success in the June 1990 local elections and the 1991 Algerian legislative election. Belhadj's influence as a key figure in the FIS and his preaching activities have made him a prominent voice in the Islamist movement in Algeria.

Alfred Saker, a dedicated British Baptist missionary, led a Baptist Mission from Fernando Po to Southern Cameroons in 1858. He purchased land from Bimbia chiefs and founded the settlement of Victoria, later renamed Limbe. Referred to as a "Missionary to Africa," Saker played a significant role in the early British Baptist missionary efforts in the region. From 1844 to 1876, he focused on establishing churches and translating the Bible into the Duala language, completing the project between 1862 and 1872.

Claude Jean Allouez, a Jesuit missionary and French explorer, is renowned for his endeavors in North America. He founded numerous missions near Lake Superior, concentrating on converting and supporting the indigenous communities in the area. Allouez was instrumental in bringing Christianity to the native populations and fostering connections with different tribes. His work significantly advanced exploration and knowledge of North America in the 17th century, shaping the region's history.

Pedro Páez Jaramillo, S.J., a Spanish Jesuit missionary, made significant contributions to Ethiopian history and exploration. He was the first European to discover and describe the source of the Blue Nile in 1618. Páez is highly regarded as the most effective Catholic missionary in Ethiopia. His two-volume work, História da Etiópia (History of Ethiopia), is considered a valuable and accurate account of the contemporary Solomonic Empire up to his time, providing insights from local sources that were otherwise lost or unknown.

Juraj Križanić, a Croatian Catholic missionary and polymath, is recognized as one of the earliest pan-Slavists. He sought to unite Slavic churches by promoting closer ties between Slavic Catholicism and the Russian Orthodox Church. Križanić advocated for a shared Slavic language and heritage, seeing the Russian tsar as a possible unifying figure for the Slavic nations. Despite experiencing exile and opposition, his ideas influenced subsequent South Slavic intellectuals who emphasized the importance of Russian support and unity among South Slavic peoples.

Pierre Daniel Huet was a distinguished French churchman and scholar celebrated for his academic and religious contributions. He played a key role as the editor of the Delphin Classics, a prestigious compilation of classical texts. Huet's dedication to academia extended to founding the Académie de Physique in Caen, highlighting his interest in the sciences. His leadership within the church was evident in his roles as Bishop of Soissons and later Bishop of Avranches. Huet's enduring legacy lies in his significant scholarly and institutional contributions that greatly influenced his areas of expertise.