Priests

Marie Laveau was a prominent Louisiana Creole practitioner who excelled in Voodoo, herbalism, midwifery, and spiritual practices. She was well-known in New Orleans for her mastery of rootwork, conjure, and a fusion of Native American and African spiritual beliefs. Marie Laveau integrated aspects of Louisiana Voodoo and traditional Roman Catholicism into her work, leaving a lasting impact on the spiritual and cultural heritage of New Orleans. Historians regard her as a significant figure in mystical traditions.

The Pythia was the high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, serving as the Oracle of Delphi. She delivered prophecies under divine possession by Apollo and consulted widely from the 8th century BC to the late 4th century AD. The Pythian priestess was esteemed among the Greeks and considered one of the most powerful women of the classical world. While the specifics of her process are debated, she was influential and respected, with her prophecies being interpreted and preserved in Greek literature.

Girolamo Savonarola was a Dominican friar in Renaissance Florence known for his preaching, prophecies, and denunciation of corruption, despotic rule, and exploitation of the poor. He advocated for Christian renewal and gained influence during political turmoil, establishing a republic under his control. Savonarola led moralistic campaigns, including the destruction of secular art, and clashed with the papacy over reforms. Despite excommunication and condemnation, his followers continued to support his cause of religious reform and republican freedom.

Benedict of Nursia, also known as Saint Benedict, was an Italian Catholic monk famous in Christian traditions. He founded twelve monk communities in Subiaco and created the influential Rule of Saint Benedict at Monte Cassino. This rule, influenced by John Cassian, emphasized balance, moderation, and reasonableness, becoming widely adopted by Christian religious communities in the Middle Ages. Benedict's influence on Western Christian monasticism led to his recognition as a patron saint of Europe by Pope Paul VI in 1964.

Xuanzang was a 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator known for his significant contributions to Chinese Buddhism. He undertook a daring seventeen-year journey to India to acquire original Sanskrit texts, despite his country's travel restrictions. Studying at Nalanda University in India, Xuanzang returned to China with precious texts. His translations of key Mahayana scriptures and his travelogue, the Records of the Western Regions, are esteemed resources for scholars investigating 7th-century India and Central Asia. Xuanzang's adventurous nature and commitment to learning had a lasting impact on Chinese Buddhism.

John Joseph "Jack" Geoghan was an American Catholic priest in the Archdiocese of Boston, Massachusetts. Despite receiving treatment for pedophilia, he was reassigned to parish roles involving children. Geoghan's actions were part of a broader scandal in the 1990s and 2000s involving priests accused of child sexual abuse, resulting in the resignation of Boston's archbishop. He was convicted of sexual abuse, removed from the priesthood, and imprisoned. Subsequently, he was killed by another inmate.

John Newton's professional journey involved a remarkable shift from a captain of slave ships and investor in the slave trade to a prominent slavery abolitionist. After serving in the Royal Navy and experiencing enslavement in West Africa, he emerged as a key figure in the movement against the African slave trade. As an Anglican cleric, Newton was ordained, served as a parish priest, and composed well-known hymns like "Amazing Grace," making a significant contribution to the abolitionist movement.

Ezra was a significant Jewish scribe and priest in the early Second Temple period. He played a key role in the restoration of Jewish scriptures and religion following the Babylonian Captivity. Ezra is credited with writing and editing the books of Ezra and Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible. He is highly regarded in Judaism and honored as a saint in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. The name "Ezra," which means "Yah helps," highlights his commitment to assisting the Jewish community in religious affairs.

Junípero Serra Ferrer, a Spanish Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Order, is well-known for founding missions in the Sierra Gorda, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as in Baja California and California. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II and canonized by Pope Francis, earning him the title "Apostle of California." However, his missionary efforts have been criticized for alleged mandatory conversions and mistreatment of Native American converts.

John Henry Newman was a prominent theologian, academic, philosopher, historian, writer, and poet in 19th-century England. Initially an Anglican priest, he later converted to Catholicism and became a cardinal. Newman was a key figure in the Oxford Movement, which aimed to bring Catholic beliefs back to the Church of England. His works, including the Tracts for the Times and Apologia Pro Vita Sua, were highly influential. He also composed popular hymns and was recognized for his contributions to the Catholic Church, eventually being beatified and canonized as a saint.

Gabriele Amorth, an Italian Catholic priest and exorcist, was renowned for his expertise in demonology. Serving as an exorcist for the Diocese of Rome, he co-founded the International Association of Exorcists. Throughout his career, Father Amorth conducted tens of thousands of exorcisms, earning global acclaim for his knowledge and skill. His dedication to the practice of exorcism made him a prominent and sometimes controversial figure in the Catholic Church.

Eddie Long was an American pastor who led New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Georgia from 1987 until his passing in 2017. During his tenure, the church experienced substantial growth, increasing its membership from 300 to 25,000. Long encountered scrutiny during a Senate investigation concerning his church's tax-exempt status but was ultimately cleared of any misconduct. Additionally, he was involved in civil lawsuits alleging sexual abuse, which he denied and settled out of court. His professional journey was characterized by achievements as well as controversies.

Ted Arthur Haggard, an American Methodist pastor, is recognized for establishing and leading New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He was also a co-founder of the Association of Life-Giving Churches and served as president of the National Association of Evangelicals. However, his career faced controversy in 2006 due to allegations of drug use and sexual misconduct with a male prostitute, resulting in his resignation from New Life Church. Subsequently, he and his wife founded Saint James Church in Colorado Springs.

Vincent de Paul was a French Catholic priest devoted to helping the poor. He served as chaplain to the galleys and assisted imprisoned galley slaves in Paris. He co-established the Congregation of the Mission, or Vincentians, and the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul. Vincentian priests pledged vows of poverty, chastity, obedience, and stability, concentrating on aiding individuals in rural areas. He organized clergy retreats, played a key role in seminary education, and was admired for his kindness and charitable acts.

Kateri Tekakwitha, also known as the Lily of the Mohawks, was a Mohawk Catholic saint who contracted smallpox as a child, leaving her scarred. At the age of nineteen, she converted to Catholicism and took a vow of perpetual virginity. She lived out the rest of her life in the Jesuit mission village of Kahnawake. Kateri's piety and devotion led to her beatification in 1980 and canonization in 2012 by the Catholic Church.

Max Lucado is a renowned American author and minister at Oak Hills Church in San Antonio, Texas. His many books center on Christian living and spirituality, making him a leading figure in Christian publishing. Lucado's works frequently highlight themes of grace, redemption, and faith, connecting with readers globally. Through his inspirational sermons and teachings, he offers guidance to his congregation, aiding them on their spiritual paths. Lucado's profound writing and preaching have established him as a revered and influential voice in Christian literature and ministry.

Pope Linus served as the bishop of Rome from around AD 68 until his death around AD 80, succeeding St. Peter as the second Bishop of Rome. He is considered one of the early popes who was canonized and is mentioned in the New Testament. Specifically, he is noted to have been with Paul the Apostle in Rome towards the end of Paul's life. Linus dedicated his professional life to the leadership and stewardship of the early Christian community in Rome.

Saint David, a Welsh Christian prelate, was the Bishop of Mynyw in the 6th century. He is celebrated as the patron saint of Wales and was known for his devoutness in spreading Christianity. David played a vital role in the early church in Wales, showcasing humility, wisdom, and a strong dedication to serving others. His impact on the Christian community was profound, and his legacy continues to endure in Wales and beyond.

Richard Rohr is recognized as an influential American Franciscan priest in the realm of spirituality. He founded the New Jerusalem Community in 1971 and later established the Center for Action and Contemplation in Albuquerque in 1987. Rohr is a respected author and speaker, known for his works on Christian mysticism and the perennial tradition. Titles such as The Universal Christ, Falling Upward, and Everything Belongs have garnered international praise, solidifying Rohr's reputation as a leading figure in spiritual literature and discourse.

N. T. Wright is a well-known English New Testament scholar, Pauline theologian, and Anglican bishop. He had a distinguished career in academia and theology, serving as the bishop of Durham from 2003 to 2010. Later, he held roles such as research professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at St Mary's College in the University of St Andrews and as a senior research fellow at Wycliffe Hall at the University of Oxford. With over seventy published books, Wright is highly regarded for his contributions to theological discourse, notably his acclaimed "Christian Origins and the Question of God" series.

Jim Elliot was an American Christian missionary renowned for his unwavering commitment to spreading the Gospel. He played a pivotal role in Operation Auca, a mission aimed at evangelizing the Huaorani people of Ecuador. Tragically, he sacrificed his life during this mission. Elliot's dedication to sharing his faith and serving others has served as an inspiration for many individuals to carry on his mission work. His legacy endures through his written works, teachings, and the profound influence he had on the lives of those he encountered during his missionary endeavors.

Solomon Burke was a pioneering American singer and one of the founding fathers of soul music in the 1960s. He is considered a key transitional figure bridging R&B and soul. Despite minimal chart success compared to other soul greats, he was hailed as the greatest male soul singer of all time. Burke's smooth, powerful articulation and blending of sacred and profane themes helped define soul music. He released 38 studio albums, had 35 charting singles, won a Grammy, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Pope Benedict XV led the Catholic Church from 1914 until his passing in 1922. His time as pontiff was defined by the trials of World War I, during which he worked tirelessly to advocate for peace and provide aid to those in need. He prioritized humanitarian initiatives to support war victims, restored diplomatic ties with France and Italy, and invigorated Catholic missions globally. Benedict XV notably introduced the Code of Canon Law and was esteemed for his deep devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Pope Benedict IX served as the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States for three non-consecutive periods between October 1032 and July 1048. He was elected at a young age, making him the youngest pope in history. Benedict faced controversy due to allegations of bribery and misconduct, leading to his deposition and reinstatement multiple times. His tumultuous reign ultimately ended with his deposition and the election of Clement II following intervention by King Henry III.

Aiden Wilson Tozer was a prominent figure in American Christianity, renowned for his roles as a pastor, author, magazine editor, and spiritual mentor. He was honored with honorary doctorates from Wheaton and Houghton colleges in recognition of his significant contributions. Throughout his career, Tozer demonstrated a profound dedication to his faith, which was reflected in his writings, pastoral ministry, and mentorship. His teachings and literary works have had a lasting influence on the Christian community, serving as a source of inspiration and guidance for believers around the globe.

Joel Houston is an accomplished Australian musician, songwriter, pastor, and leader known for his significant contributions to the Sydney-based band Hillsong United. He served as co-pastor at Hillsong NYC for seven years and currently heads the Christian worship band Hillsong United. With a diverse skill set including singing, playing guitar, and songwriting, Houston has been instrumental in shaping the band's creative direction. He previously played bass for the band Able and has established himself as a prominent figure in the Christian music scene.

Raymond Leo Burke is an American prelate of the Catholic Church known for his conservative stance and advocacy for traditional practices. He has held various leadership positions within the Church, including serving as a bishop and a cardinal. Burke has been a patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and led the Archdiocese of St. Louis and the Diocese of La Crosse. He is a canon lawyer and a prominent supporter of the Tridentine Mass, often clashing with Pope Francis over issues like church attitudes towards gay people and divorced Catholics. Despite controversies and clashes, he has continued to serve in different roles within the Church.

Francis de Sales was a respected Catholic bishop from Savoy who is now a saint in the Catholic Church. He is well-known for his strong faith and gentle approach in handling religious disputes during the Protestant Reformation. Francis de Sales was also a prolific writer on spiritual topics, particularly known for works like the Introduction to the Devout Life and the Treatise on the Love of God. His writings focused on spiritual guidance and formation, leaving a lasting influence on believers.

Mychal Judge was a revered American Franciscan friar and Catholic priest who served as a chaplain to the New York City Fire Department. He dedicated his life to providing spiritual guidance and support to firefighters and their families. Tragically, he lost his life on September 11, 2001, during the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Mychal Judge's selfless devotion and ultimate sacrifice have left a lasting impact on those he served.

Saint Brendan, also known as Brendan the Navigator, is a revered Irish monastic saint and a significant figure in early Christian history. He founded the monastic settlement of Clonfert in County Galway and is celebrated for his legendary voyages across the Atlantic, believed to have sought the Isle of Paradise. His adventures are chronicled in the "Navigatio Sancti Brendani," inspiring many explorers throughout the ages. Brendan is the patron saint of sailors and travelers, symbolizing faith and discovery.

John Vianney, commonly known as the Curé d'Ars, was a revered French Catholic priest recognized for his exemplary priestly and pastoral service in Ars, France. Through his virtuous life, self-discipline, and devoted ministry in the sacrament of confession, he brought about a profound spiritual renewal in the community. His deep devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary served as an inspiration to many. Canonized in 1925, he is venerated as the patron saint of parish priests, symbolizing his enduring legacy of steadfast faith and dedication to providing spiritual guidance.

Porfirije, Serbian Patriarch, has a distinguished professional life as a university professor, author of theological works, and a prominent figure in the Serbian Orthodox Church. He served as the Metropolitan Bishop of Zagreb and Ljubljana before becoming the 46th Patriarch. Prior to that, he held the position of Titular Bishop of Jegra. Known for his scholarly contributions and leadership within the church, Porfirije's professional endeavors reflect a deep commitment to theological education and spiritual guidance for his community.

Hassan al-Banna was an Egyptian schoolteacher and Imam known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood, a significant Islamic revivalist organization. He created a modern ideology rooted in Islam, viewing it as a holistic system for all facets of life. Al-Banna pushed for the Islamization of the state, economy, and society, advocating for social justice through progressive taxation and Islamic fiscal concepts. He condemned Western materialism and British imperialism, promoting self-initiated productive work and gradual moral reform within the Islamic community.

James Smith Bush was a prominent American attorney, Episcopal priest, and religious writer, known for his significant contributions to the legal and religious fields. His expertise and dedication to justice were evident in his work as an attorney. As an Episcopal priest, he served his community with compassion and faith, leaving a positive impact on many lives. Through his writings, he shared deep spiritual insights and intellectual prowess, establishing a lasting legacy in religious thought.

Pope Adrian IV, the only Englishman to become pope, served from 1154 until his passing in 1159. Known for his diplomatic skills, he conducted missions to Catalonia and Scandinavia and negotiated with emperors and monarchs. Adrian navigated challenges such as political unrest in Rome, strained ties with Emperor Frederick I, and unsuccessful alliances with Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. Nevertheless, he enacted effective Church reforms, oversaw papal finances, and made a significant mark on the papacy in his brief tenure.

Montanus was the founder of the Montanist movement in the late 2nd century. He was a prominent figure in early Christian theology, advocating for a reliance on the spontaneity of the Holy Spirit and a conservative personal ethic. Despite similarities in basic Christian tenets, his belief in new prophetic figures led to Montanism being labeled a heresy by the wider Christian Church. Montanus originated in Phrygia and his teachings spread throughout the Roman Empire, influencing the development of Christian theology and inspiring comparisons to modern Protestant movements.

Matteo Ricci SJ, an Italian Jesuit priest, played a significant role in the Jesuit China missions. Arriving in Macau in 1582, he dedicated himself to missionary work in China. Ricci became fluent in the language and writing system, eventually entering Beijing's Forbidden City in 1601. He worked closely with the Wanli Emperor, contributing to court astronomy and calendrical science. By emphasizing the similarities between Catholicism and Confucianism, Ricci converted notable Chinese figures to Catholicism and collaborated on translating important works into Chinese and Latin.

Charles Borromeo served as the Archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584 and was a prominent cardinal of the Catholic Church. He played a crucial role in the Counter-Reformation movement, working alongside influential figures such as Ignatius of Loyola and Philip Neri to combat the Protestant Reformation. Borromeo implemented significant reforms within the Catholic Church, particularly focusing on the establishment of seminaries to enhance the education of priests. His dedication and contributions to the Church led to his canonization as a saint with a feast day on 4 November.

Ananias of Damascus, a devoted disciple of Jesus, played a pivotal role in the spiritual transformation of Saul of Tarsus, who later became known as Paul the Apostle. Ananias obediently followed Jesus' instructions by bravely restoring Saul's sight and guiding him in the ways of the Lord. Through his faith, humility, and obedience, Ananias was a key figure in the early spread of Christianity.

Theodore McCarrick, an American Catholic bishop and former cardinal, was laicized following multiple convictions of sexual crimes and abuse of power. He served as Archbishop of Washington from 2001 to 2006 and held positions in dioceses such as New York, Metuchen, and Newark. McCarrick, known for his fundraising and influence in Washington, D.C., faced allegations of sexual misconduct with adult male seminarians and minors. In 2018, he was removed from public ministry, resigned from the College of Cardinals, and was subsequently laicized in 2019.

Helen Prejean CSJ is a Catholic nun known for her advocacy against the death penalty in America. Her work includes the bestselling book "Dead Man Walking," which explores the impact of the death penalty based on her experiences as a spiritual adviser to death row inmates. This book was later adapted into a film and an opera. Prejean has held leadership positions in organizations such as the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty and has founded support groups for families impacted by murder and related crimes.

Jaime Cardinal Sin served as the 30th Catholic Archbishop of Manila and was the third cardinal from the Philippines. He played a pivotal role in key historical moments like the 1986 People Power Revolution, leading to the ousting of the dictatorship and the termination of martial law under Ferdinand Marcos. Sin was also a central figure in the 2001 EDSA Revolution, which saw the transition of power from President Joseph Estrada to Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

John Tucker Mugabi Sentamu is a retired Anglican bishop and life peer. He studied law in Uganda before relocating to the UK for political reasons. He earned a doctorate in theology and dedicated himself to Anglicanism. Sentamu served as an area bishop before becoming the Bishop of Birmingham. In 2005, he was appointed as the Archbishop of York and Primate of England. He is recognized for his outspoken criticism of former Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe.

Increase Mather was a notable New England Puritan clergyman who presided over Harvard College as its president for twenty years. He played a key role in governing the Massachusetts Bay Colony during a tumultuous era that included the well-known Salem witch trials. Mather's leadership extended to religious and educational realms, where he dedicated his efforts to preserving Puritan principles and advancing academic standards. His professional heritage is defined by his governance contributions to the colony and his influence on early American higher education.

Zechariah, a Jewish priest and descendant of Aaron, faithfully served in the temple according to the Gospel of Luke. He played a significant role in the religious community by diligently carrying out priestly duties. Zechariah is well-known for his encounter with the angel Gabriel, who foretold the birth of his son John the Baptist. His professional life was marked by dedication to his priestly responsibilities and his pivotal role in biblical events.

Marcel Lefebvre, a French Catholic archbishop, founded the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) in 1970 to train seminarians in the traditional manner. He served as a missionary priest in Gabon and held important positions in Africa. Lefebvre represented the conservative viewpoint at the Second Vatican Council but opposed certain changes within the church post-council, leading to tensions with the Holy See. Despite orders to disband the SSPX, he continued its activities and consecrated four bishops in defiance of the Pope's prohibition, resulting in his excommunication.

Daniel Berrigan SJ was a prominent American Jesuit priest known for his activism as an anti-war advocate, Christian pacifist, playwright, poet, and author. His protests against the Vietnam War, including the Catonsville Nine incident, led to multiple arrests and a three-year prison sentence for destruction of government property. Despite facing adversity, Berrigan continued his advocacy work and co-founded the Plowshares movement in 1980, focusing on anti-nuclear protests. He was also a respected author with around 50 books to his name and a dedicated educator.

Alcuin of York was a prominent scholar, clergyman, poet, and teacher known for his intellectual contributions during the Carolingian Renaissance. He studied under Archbishop Ecgbert in York before being invited to the Carolingian court by Charlemagne, where he became a leading figure in the 780s and 790s. Alcuin served as a court chancellor in Aachen and later as abbot of Marmoutier Abbey in Tours. He wrote theological treatises, grammatical works, and poems, and played a key role in refining the Carolingian minuscule script.

Anne Catherine Emmerich was an Augustinian canoness known for her mystical experiences and visions relating to the life and passion of Jesus Christ. She claimed to receive these revelations from the Blessed Virgin Mary during religious ecstasy. Despite spending much of her life bedridden, Emmerich received visits from prominent individuals. The poet Clemens Brentano conducted extensive interviews with her and wrote books based on her visions, although their authenticity has been debated. Pope John Paul II beatified Emmerich in 2004, with the Vatican emphasizing her personal piety over her religious writings.

Pope Callixtus III began his career as a law professor and later served as a diplomat for the kings of Aragon. He played a significant role in resolving conflicts, eventually becoming Bishop of Valencia. Within the Roman Curia, as a cardinal, he introduced the tradition of the Angelus noon bell and supervised the retrial of Joan of Arc. Notably, Callixtus appointed two nephews as cardinals, one of whom later became Pope Alexander VI. He is remembered as the final pope to adopt the name "Callixtus".

Swithin, an Anglo-Saxon bishop of Winchester, is celebrated as the patron saint of Winchester Cathedral. Though his role as a bishop may be less well-known, he became famous for his reputation as a miracle worker posthumously. One popular belief linked to him is that if it rains on his feast day, July 15th, at Saint Swithun's bridge in Winchester, it will rain continuously for forty days.

Gioffre Borgia was actively involved in ecclesiastical and political matters related to his family, the House of Borgia. Despite his youth, he held various roles within the Catholic Church, benefiting from his family's influence. Gioffre's professional life was closely connected to the papacy, where he assisted his father, Pope Alexander VI, in church administration and took part in political ventures with his well-known siblings. Though often overshadowed by his family's reputation, Gioffre made substantial contributions to the Borgia dynasty's undertakings.

Richard Allen was a minister, educator, writer, and influential black leader who founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) in 1794. Serving as the first bishop of the AME Church in 1816, Allen aimed to provide a sanctuary for free and enslaved black individuals to worship freely. He prioritized uplifting the black community through education, literacy initiatives, and political activism, promoting unity and solidarity among enslaved populations.

Pope Sylvester II, or Gerbert of Aurillac, was a renowned scholar and teacher who served as the bishop of Rome and governed the Papal States from 999 until his passing. He advocated for the study of Moorish and Greco-Roman arithmetic, mathematics, and astronomy, reintroducing key instruments like the abacus, armillary sphere, and water organ to Western Christendom. He is recognized for being the first in Christian Europe to introduce the decimal numeral system using Hindu-Arabic numerals, a significant advancement in mathematical knowledge for the region.

The Cumaean Sibyl, a priestess at the Apollonian oracle in Cumae, Italy, was well-known for her prophetic abilities. Referred to as a sibyl, which means prophetess in Greek, she held significant sway in ancient Rome and was celebrated in various artistic works. Her significance in Roman mythology, notably in Virgil's Aeneid, cemented her reputation. Revered alongside other sibyls such as the Erythraean Sibyl and the Sibyl of Dodona, she was featured in paintings by esteemed artists like Raphael and Michelangelo, representing wisdom and authority in the ancient era.

Pope Anacletus, also known as Cletus, served as the bishop of Rome following Peter and Linus from approximately AD 80 until his death around AD 92. He ordained many priests and founded about twenty-five parishes in Rome, making significant contributions to the early Christian church's organization and growth. Anacletus is remembered for his martyrdom, and his feast day is observed on April 26. His name is included in the Roman Canon of the mass.

Oswald of Northumbria, venerated as a saint, was a powerful ruler who united the Northumbrian kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira. He promoted Christianity in Northumbria and was highly regarded for his saintly nature. Oswald achieved military success by defeating Welsh ruler Cadwallon and expanding his kingdom. His reign was marked by stability and strength, establishing him as the most powerful ruler in Britain at the time. Oswald met his demise in battle against the forces of Penda of Mercia.

Diane Hegarty was a prominent American religious figure known for her role as co-founder and High Priestess of the Church of Satan, serving alongside Anton LaVey for around 25 years. She played a significant role in the administration of the Church, including typing and editing various important Satanic texts. Hegarty managed administrative tasks, press activities, and member relations for the Church. In her later years, she focused on supporting her grandson's career and pursuing work as a graphology specialist.

Pope John XXII, the second Avignon Pope, reigned from 1316 until his passing in 1334. Known for centralizing power and income within the Papacy, he lived luxuriously in Avignon. John faced conflicts with Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV and opposed the Franciscan stance on poverty. During his papacy, Thomas Aquinas was canonized, and there was controversy over John's sermon on the beatific vision, which he retracted before his death in Avignon.

Robert Sarah is a Guinean prelate of the Catholic Church who has held various high-ranking positions within the Vatican. He became a cardinal in 2010 and served as prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Sarah has been an outspoken advocate for traditional Catholic teachings on sexual morality and the right to life, as well as a critic of Islamic radicalism. He has also expressed views on liturgical practices, emphasizing a return to pre-Vatican II traditions while also advocating for mutual learning and compromise.

Nestorius was an early Christian prelate and Archbishop of Constantinople from 428 to 431. A theologian from the Catechetical School of Antioch, his teachings in Christology and Mariology sparked controversy. He rejected the title Theotokos for Mary, favoring a prosopic union of Christ's natures. Condemned for heresy by the Council of Ephesus in 431, he was later exiled to Upper Egypt. Despite his condemnation in the Roman Empire, the Church of the East in the Persian Empire upheld his teachings, leading to the term "Nestorian Church."

Jacques Marquette, a French Jesuit missionary, is renowned for founding Michigan's initial European settlement, Sault Sainte Marie, and later establishing Saint Ignace. In 1673, he joined forces with explorer Louis Jolliet to become the first European to explore and map the northern section of the Mississippi River Valley. Through his missionary work, exploration, and mapping endeavors in North America, Marquette made substantial contributions to the comprehension and colonization of the region in the 17th century.

Arnulf of Metz was a notable Frankish bishop of Metz who advised the Merovingian court of Austrasia. Renowned for his wisdom and guidance, he had a major impact on political decisions of his era. Following his service, he retired to the Abbey of Remiremont, where he remained a positive influence on the community. Arnulf, also known by various names in different languages, such as Arnoul or Arnoulf in French and Arnold in English, is revered for his leadership and contributions.

Samuel Ajayi Crowther was a Yoruba linguist and clergyman who became the first African Anglican bishop of West Africa. After being freed from slavery by the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron, he resettled in Sierra Leone, where he embraced Christianity and adopted an English name. Crowther pursued education in England, eventually becoming ordained as a minister and earning a doctoral degree from Oxford University. Throughout his career, he focused on linguistic studies, translating religious texts into Yoruba and undertaking language projects to advance education and Christianity in West Africa.

Margery Kempe, an English Christian mystic and author, is renowned for dictating The Book of Margery Kempe, which is considered one of the earliest autobiographies in English literature. Her work delves into her domestic challenges, pilgrimages to sacred locations, and mystical conversations with God. Although she was acknowledged in the Anglican Communion, she was not canonized as a Catholic saint. Kempe's professional focus was on her spiritual encounters and writings, which are still examined today for their perspectives on medieval mysticism and devotion.

Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk was an American Confederate military officer and bishop. He founded the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America and later became a major-general in the Confederate States Army. Polk was nicknamed "Sewanee's Fighting Bishop" and played important roles in battles such as Shiloh, Chickamauga, and the Atlanta Campaign during the Civil War. His relationship with General Braxton Bragg was contentious, and he was killed in action during the Atlanta Campaign in 1864.

Charles Freer Andrews was an Anglican priest, Christian missionary, educator, and social reformer who played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement. He formed close relationships with prominent figures like Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi, advocating for Indian liberation. Andrews was instrumental in persuading Gandhi to return to India from South Africa, where he had been involved in civil rights activism. Gandhi affectionately referred to Andrews as Christ's Faithful Apostle, and his students honored him with the title Deenabandhu, or "Friend of the Poor."

Gerard Majella was an Italian lay brother of the Redemptorists, a Catholic religious congregation. He devoted his life to serving God through his work within the congregation and is honored as a saint by the Catholic Church. Gerard's professional life was marked by his dedication to assisting others and sharing the message of redemption and compassion. He is respected for his intercession for different groups, such as children, mothers, and the falsely accused.

Saint Sava was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk who became the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church. He founded the monastery of Hilandar on Mount Athos, a key cultural and religious center for the Serbian people. Saint Sava authored Serbia's oldest constitution, ensuring religious and political autonomy. He is revered as the creator of Serbian medieval literature and is honored as the patron saint of Serbia, Serbs, and Serbian education.

Juan Severino Mallari (1785–1840) was a Filipino Catholic priest known for his dark side as a serial killer. Serving as a parish priest in Magalang, Pampanga during the Spanish colonial period, Mallari committed heinous crimes by reportedly murdering 57 individuals in the area. His actions shocked the community, leading to his eventual discovery, arrest, imprisonment, and subsequent execution by hanging in 1840. Mallari's professional life was tainted by his gruesome crimes, making him the first documented serial killer from the Philippines.

Robert Runcie, an English Anglican bishop, served as the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1980 to 1991. He promoted ecumenicism and strengthened relations between Protestant and Catholic churches in Europe. Runcie was a prominent figure in the Liberal Anglo-Catholicism movement and faced criticism for supporting women's ordination and showing compassion towards bereaved Argentines during the Falklands War. Biographer Adrian Hastings praised Runcie's administrative skills in making strategic appointments and emphasizing performance quality.

John Stott was a renowned British Anglican priest and theologian who was a leader in the global evangelical movement. He was instrumental in creating the Lausanne Covenant in 1974, a significant document for evangelical Christianity. Stott's impact was not limited to religious spheres, as Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential individuals globally in 2005. Throughout his career, Stott focused on theological scholarship, pastoral ministry, and promoting social justice within the Christian community.

Vincent Ferrer, OP, a Valencian Dominican friar, was renowned for his preaching, missionary work, and mastery of logic. He became celebrated for his compelling sermons and unwavering commitment to promoting the Catholic Church's teachings. Throughout his career, Vincent Ferrer devoted himself to serving as a religious figure, motivating others with his powerful messages and deeds. His legacy as a saint in the Catholic Church and other Catholic sects endures due to his significant impact on faith and spirituality.

Pope Alexander III, also known as Roland, led the Catholic Church and Papal States from 1159 to 1181. His papacy was marked by struggles with contested elections and competing papal claimants, notably with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Nevertheless, Alexander III declined opportunities to resolve the East-West Schism, endorsed the Northern Crusades, and organized the Third Council of the Lateran. He was honored by having the city of Alessandria named after him in Piedmont.

Erasmus of Formia, also known as Saint Elmo, is a Christian saint and martyr venerated as the patron saint of sailors and abdominal pain. He is recognized as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, revered for his intercessory powers in times of need. Throughout his life, Erasmus dedicated himself to spreading Christianity's teachings and offering spiritual guidance to those in distress. His influence as a saint and martyr continues to inspire believers globally.

Saint Mungo, also known as Kentigern, was a missionary in the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde during the late sixth century. He played a significant role in spreading Christianity in the region and was revered as the founder and patron saint of Glasgow. Saint Mungo's professional life was dedicated to preaching the teachings of Christianity, establishing churches, and providing spiritual guidance to the people of Strathclyde. His missionary work and influence in the community contributed to the growth of Christianity in the area.

Georgy Apollonovich Gapon was a Russian Orthodox priest and working-class leader who played a significant role in the 1905 Russian Revolution. He rose to prominence among the working class and organized peaceful protests, including the tragic Bloody Sunday incident where many demonstrators were killed by the Imperial Russian Army. However, it was later discovered that Gapon was secretly working as a police informant, which ultimately led to his assassination by the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Gapon's legacy is closely linked to his participation in the revolutionary activities of that period.

Pope Damasus I was a key figure in strengthening the Catholic Church's beliefs during his time as bishop of Rome. He led the Council of Rome in 382, which formalized the list of sacred scriptures. Damasus opposed significant heresies, endorsed Jerome's creation of the Vulgate Bible, and played a role in reconciling the Church of Rome with the Church of Antioch. He also promoted the honoring of martyrs and is now honored as a saint in the Catholic Church.

Geoffrey Fisher was an English Anglican priest who served as the 99th Archbishop of Canterbury from 1945 to 1961. He had a distinguished academic career but chose to pursue a path in the church. Fisher held several significant positions, such as headmaster of Repton School and Bishop of Chester before becoming the Bishop of London. As Archbishop, he prioritized church unity, enhanced administration, and bolstered international relations. Fisher was recognized for his straightforward faith, excellent organizational abilities, and readiness to address a wide array of issues.

Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, a French Catholic priest, was known for his impactful preaching and significant influence on Mariology. He was appointed as a missionary apostolic by Pope Clement XI and authored numerous renowned Catholic works that have shaped the beliefs of many followers and influenced several popes. His most notable works, "Secret of the Rosary" and "True Devotion to Mary," provide insightful perspectives on Marian devotions. Canonized by Pope Pius XII in 1947, Montfort's legacy is honored with a statue in St. Peter's Basilica.

Michael Coren is a prominent British-Canadian writer, clergyman, and media personality recognized for his hosting roles on television shows like The Michael Coren Show and The Arena with Michael Coren. He is also well-known in radio, particularly for his time on CFRB. With over ten published books, Coren's writing covers a wide range of topics including biographies of notable figures like G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis, as well as discussions on Christianity, Catholicism, and the relationship between Islam and Christianity. Additionally, he contributes columns to the Toronto Star and iPolitics.

Vasil Levski was a Bulgarian revolutionary who founded the Internal Revolutionary Organisation and led a movement to free Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. He worked as a teacher, spreading his revolutionary ideas and establishing insurrectionary committees across Bulgaria. Levski also played a key role in forming the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee in Romania. He was eventually captured and executed in Sofia. Levski's vision was of a Bulgarian republic where all ethnic and religious groups enjoyed equal rights and freedom.

Aidan of Lindisfarne, an Irish monk and missionary, is renowned for converting the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity in Northumbria. He established Lindisfarne Priory, became its first bishop, and set up a ministry cathedral. Aidan was committed to spreading the gospel, ministering to all levels of society, including the Anglo-Saxon nobility, children, and slaves. Through his extensive travels, he earned the title of the Apostle of Northumbria and is venerated as a saint by numerous Christian denominations.

Karl Rahner SJ, a renowned German Jesuit priest and theologian, was a key figure in Catholic theology in the 20th century. He worked closely with influential theologians like Henri de Lubac, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Yves Congar, making significant contributions to the advancement of theological thinking. Rahner's profound theological insights and understanding of Catholic faith played a crucial role in shaping the direction of the Catholic Church during the Second Vatican Council.

Pope Leo IX, a notable figure in the Middle Ages, led the Catholic Church and governed the Papal States from 1049 until his passing in 1054. He was instrumental in the Great Schism of 1054, which officially divided the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. Leo IX focused on upholding traditional values and initiated reforms within the Church by organizing synods and councils to tackle problems like simony and clerical marriage. He is honored as a saint in the Catholic Church.

John of Nepomuk, a saint of Bohemia, was known for his unwavering commitment to maintaining the confidentiality of the confessional. He served as the confessor of the queen of Bohemia and chose to protect the sanctity of the confessional by refusing to reveal its secrets. This dedication ultimately led to his martyrdom, as he was drowned in the Vltava river under the orders of King Wenceslaus IV. John of Nepomuk is honored as the first martyr of the Seal of the Confessional and is revered as a patron against calumnies, as well as a protector from floods and drowning.

Titus Oates, an English priest, fabricated the "Popish Plot," falsely claiming a Catholic conspiracy to assassinate King Charles II. His deceitful allegations sparked widespread anti-Catholic hysteria in late 17th century England. Exploiting his Church position, Oates spread conspiracy theories leading to the execution of innocent people and harsh anti-Catholic laws. Despite being exposed as a fraud and imprisoned, the repercussions of his actions endured.

Patrick Brontë was an Irish Anglican minister and author known for his strong beliefs and dedication to his faith. He held various positions in the church and served in different parishes, supporting and guiding his congregation. As an author, he wrote works on religion and education, contributing to intellectual discourse.

Franz Brentano was a German philosopher and psychologist celebrated for his significant work, "Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint," which revived the concept of intentionality in modern philosophy. As a professor, he guided a varied group of philosophers who established the School of Brentano, leading to advancements in linguistics, logic, mathematics, and experimental psychology. Brentano's ideas have left a lasting imprint on numerous disciplines and remain influential in contemporary philosophical thinking.

Urbain Grandier, a French Catholic priest, faced a controversial trial and execution for witchcraft that overshadowed his professional life. Despite his religious calling, Grandier became entangled in a political scandal orchestrated by Cardinal Richelieu, resulting in his condemnation. His case has inspired various writers, filmmakers, composers, and historians, highlighting the lasting fascination with the events of his persecution. Grandier's story stands as a warning about the perils of political maneuvering and religious hysteria.

Menno Simons was a Roman Catholic priest who later became a prominent Anabaptist leader. He played a key role in the development of the Mennonite movement, emphasizing nonviolence, adult baptism, and the separation of church and state. His teachings and leadership continue to influence the beliefs and practices of the worldwide Mennonite community today.

John Ball, an English priest, was recognized for his role in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. He actively preached ideas that opposed the church's teachings and played a significant part in the uprising. Despite being linked to John Wycliffe and the Lollard movement, Ball had been promoting these ideas independently before Wycliffe's rise to fame. His beliefs and actions stirred controversy and discord within the church, making him a contentious figure of his era.

Howard W. Hunter served as the 14th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for a brief nine-month period. He was the first LDS Church president born in the 20th century and the last to pass away in it. Hunter was appointed as an LDS apostle at the age of 51 and dedicated over 35 years to his service as a general authority within the church.

Gregory of Tours was a renowned historian and Bishop of Tours in the Merovingian period. He is often hailed as the "father of French history" due to his significant contributions to documenting the history of the Franks. His work, Decem Libri Historiarum, is a crucial primary source for studying Merovingian history. Gregory also extensively chronicled the lives of religious figures, notably Martin of Tours. As a prelate in the Merovingian kingdom, he played a vital role in preserving and disseminating historical and religious events of the era.

Lazzaro Spallanzani was a prominent Italian biologist and physiologist known for his groundbreaking research on bodily functions, animal reproduction, and animal echolocation. His significant contributions to the experimental study of biogenesis led to the rejection of the theory of spontaneous generation. His experiments, particularly on fertilization and in vitro fertilization, were compiled in his influential book "Experiencias Para Servir a La Historia de La Generación De Animales y Plantas," which laid the foundation for modern biology.

Pope Leo XI, a member of the House of Medici, had a distinguished career within the Catholic Church. He served in various roles, including as Florence's ambassador to the pope, Bishop of Pistoia, Archbishop of Florence, Papal legate to France, and cardinal Prefect for the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars. Despite facing initial opposition, he was ordained as a priest in 1567. Leo XI was elected as Pope in March 1605, but his pontificate lasted only 27 days, making it one of the shortest in history.

Charles de Foucauld, a French soldier and explorer, became a Catholic priest and hermit who resided among the Tuareg people in the Algerian Sahara. Following his ordination in 1901, he established a presence in Béni Abbès with the goal of creating a new religious community. Embracing an apostolic method, he lived with the Berbers and spread his message through his actions. Tragically, he was assassinated in 1916 and was canonized as a saint by Pope Francis in 2022.

Edmund Campion, SJ, was an English Jesuit priest recognized for his clandestine ministry in Anglican England. He provided discreet spiritual guidance and assistance to Catholics amidst religious and political adversity. Despite the dangers, Campion persevered in his faith and mission, resulting in his arrest by authorities. His commitment to the Catholic community led to his martyrdom and subsequent acknowledgment as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

John Dominic Crossan is a prominent Irish-American New Testament scholar, historian of early Christianity, and former Catholic priest. He is known for his research on the historical Jesus, noncanonical Gospels, and postmodern hermeneutical approaches to the Bible. Crossan challenges traditional views by interpreting the Second Coming as a later distortion of Jesus' message and Jesus' divinity as metaphorical. He emphasizes the social context of Jesus and his followers post-mortem, focusing on themes such as free healing, communal meals, and the rejection of societal hierarchies. Crossan's work on a non-eschatological view of Jesus and the significance of noncanonical Gospels has established him as a key figure in contemporary historical Jesus research, despite controversies over dating and the superiority of certain noncanonical texts.

Thomas Aquinas, an Italian Dominican friar, was a prominent figure in scholasticism, known for his contributions to natural theology and the development of Thomism. He integrated Aristotelian philosophy with Christian teachings, making him a key figure in medieval philosophy-theology. His significant works include the Summa Theologica, Disputed Questions on Truth, and Summa contra Gentiles. Thomas Aquinas is revered as a Doctor of the Church and a leading theologian and philosopher in Catholic theology.