Who was Adi Shankara? Everything You Need to Know

Quick Facts

Also Known As: Adi Shankaracharya

Died At Age: 50

Born Country: India

Theologians Philosophers

Died on: 750

place of death: Kedarnath, India

Founder/Co-Founder: Akhara

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1

What is Adi Shankara known for?

Adi Shankara is known for being a renowned Indian philosopher and theologian who is credited with unifying the main currents of thought in Hinduism.
2

What is the significance of Adi Shankara's teachings?

Adi Shankara's teachings have had a profound impact on the development of Hindu philosophy, particularly in the Advaita Vedanta tradition, which emphasizes the non-dual nature of reality.
3

What is Adi Shankara's contribution to Indian spirituality?

Adi Shankara is credited with revitalizing and systematizing the ancient Indian spiritual traditions, particularly through his commentaries on the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahma Sutras.
4

What is the concept of Advaita Vedanta in Adi Shankara's philosophy?

Advaita Vedanta, a key aspect of Adi Shankara's philosophy, teaches that the ultimate reality is non-dual and that the individual self (Atman) is identical with the universal self (Brahman).
5

How did Adi Shankara influence the spread of Hinduism in India?

Adi Shankara's teachings helped to establish Hinduism as a dominant philosophical and spiritual tradition in India, and his monastic orders played a key role in preserving and disseminating Hindu knowledge and practices.

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Childhood & Early Life

There are several discrepancies regarding the year of his birth. However, the mainstream scholarly opinion is that he was born circa 788.

He was born into a poor Brahmin family in Kaladi, Chera Kingdom, present day Kerala, India. His parents Sivaguru and Aryamba had been childless for a long time and had prayed to Lord Shiva to bless them with a baby.

It is said that Aryamba had a vision of Lord Shiva who promised her that he would be born as her first-born child. Soon she gave birth to a son in the auspicious Abhijit Muhurta and under the constellation Ardhra. The boy was named Shankara.

Shankara proved to be a brilliant boy and mastered all the Vedas and the six Vedangas from the local gurukul.

From a young age he was more inclined towards religion and spirituality and did not show much interest in worldly affairs. He wanted to become a Sannyasin (hermit) though his mother disapproved. She wanted him to get married and live the life of a house-holder.

Legend has it that he once went to take a bath in the river when a crocodile grabbed his foot. He then called out to his mother to give him permission to become a Sannyasin or else the crocodile will kill him. His mother agreed in desperation, and the crocodile let go of his foot. He emerged unharmed from the river and proceeded to renounce all his worldly attachments.

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Later Life

He wanted to get formally initiated into the sacred order of Sannyasa and thus sought a guru to guide him in this direction. He met Swami Govindapada Acharya in a hermitage in Badrikashram (Badrinath) in the Himalayas. He narrated his life’s story to the guru and requested him to accept him as a pupil.

Swami Govindapada was very pleased with the youth and initiated him into the sacred order of Sannyasa. He then proceeded to teach Shankara the philosophy of Advaita which he himself had learnt from his guru, Gaudapada Acharya.

At the behest of his guru, Shankara went to Kashi and there he wrote his commentaries on the Brahma Sutras, the Upanishads and the Gita.

The details regarding the later years of his life are somewhat obscure though it is generally accepted that he travelled widely, participated in public philosophical debates with religious scholars, preached his teachings to his disciples and founded several “matha” (monasteries).

He is regarded as the founder of the Dasanami Sampradaya of Hindu monasticism and ?a?mata of Smarta tradition. He organized the Hindu monks of a section of the Ekadandi monks under four “Ma?has” (monasteries), with the headquarters at Dvaraka in the West, Jagannatha Puri in the East, Sringeri in the South and Badrikashrama in the North. He then placed four of his prominent disciples, Sureswara Acharya, Padmapada, Hastamalaka and Trotakacharya, in charge of the mathas.

He was a prolific author and wrote many commentaries which are considered authentic by scholars. Some of these are Bhasya on the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the Chandogya Upanishad, the Aitareya Upanishad, the Taittiriya Upanishad, the Kena Upanishad, the Isha Upanishad, the Katha Upanishad, and the Mundaka Upanishad.

Major Works

Adi Shankara was the principal exponent of the Advaita Vedanta-interpretation which refers to the recognition that the true Self, Atman, is the same as the highest Reality, Brahman. He systematized the works of preceding philosophers in this philosophy and his teachings played a pivotal role in the development of Hinduism over the centuries.

Personal Life & Legacy

Since Adi Shankara was the only son born after years of being childless, his mother was deeply attached to him. She feared that if her son became a Sannyasin, then there would be no one left to perform the last rites upon her death. Adi Shankara promised his mother that he would perform her funeral when the time came inspite of being a Sannyasin. He fulfilled his promise upon her death and performed her last rites in spite of facing many difficulties in doing so.

He is believed to have died in 820, at the age of just 32, at Kedarnath, a Hindu pilgrimage site in the Himalayas. However, some texts mention the location of his death as Tamil Nadu or Kerala.

Facts About Adi Shankara

Adi Shankara is said to have composed many hymns and devotional songs at a very young age, showcasing his exceptional talent and spiritual inclination from early on.

Legend has it that Adi Shankara engaged in philosophical debates with scholars and pundits across India, effortlessly defeating them with his sharp wit and profound knowledge.

It is believed that Adi Shankara traveled extensively on foot across the Indian subcontinent, spreading his teachings and establishing mathas (monasteries) in key places.

Adi Shankara's teachings emphasized the importance of self-realization and the unity of the individual soul (Atman) with the universal soul (Brahman), influencing generations of spiritual seekers and thinkers.

Despite his deep philosophical insights and spiritual wisdom, Adi Shankara is also remembered for his humility and compassion towards all beings, embodying the virtues he preached.

Adi Shankara Biography

You wanted to know

What is Adi Shankara known for?

What is the significance of Adi Shankara's teachings?

What is Adi Shankara's contribution to Indian spirituality?

What is the concept of Advaita Vedanta in Adi Shankara's philosophy?

How did Adi Shankara influence the spread of Hinduism in India?