Who was Empress Elisabeth of Austria? Everything You Need to Know

Quick Facts

Also Known As: Duchess Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie of Bavaria

Died At Age: 60

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Franz Joseph I of Austria (m. 1854)

father: Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria

mother: Princess Ludovika of Bavaria

siblings: Duchess Helene in Bavaria, Duchess Mathilde Ludovika in Bavaria, Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria, Duke in Bavaria, Duke Ludwig Wilhelm in Bavaria, Duke Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria, Karl Theodor; Duke in Bavaria, Maria Sophie of Bavaria, Maximilian, Wilhelm Karl; Duke in Bavaria

children: Archduchess Gisela of Austria, Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria, Archduchess Sophie of Austria, Rudolf;Crown Prince of Austria

Born Country: Germany

Empresses & Queens Austrian Women

Died on: September 10, 1898

place of death: Geneva, Switzerland

Ancestry: German Austrian

Cause of Death: Assassination

City: Munich, Germany

Recommended For You

1

How did Empress Elisabeth of Austria die?

Empress Elisabeth of Austria, also known as Sisi, was assassinated by an Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni in Geneva, Switzerland on September 10, 1898.
2

What were Empress Elisabeth of Austria's beauty secrets?

Empress Elisabeth was known for her beauty and dedicated a lot of time to maintaining it. She followed a strict diet, exercised regularly, and used various beauty treatments such as cold baths and massages.
3

Did Empress Elisabeth of Austria have any children?

Empress Elisabeth and her husband, Emperor Franz Joseph I, had four children together: Archduchess Sophie, Archduchess Gisela, Archduchess Marie Valerie, and Crown Prince Rudolf.
4

What languages did Empress Elisabeth of Austria speak?

Empress Elisabeth was fluent in several languages, including German, Hungarian, and French. She also had some knowledge of Italian and Greek.
5

How did Empress Elisabeth of Austria spend her later years?

In her later years, Empress Elisabeth traveled extensively and devoted herself to charitable work. She also continued to struggle with depression and spent much of her time in seclusion.

Recommended Lists:

Austrian People

Austrian Empresses & Queens

Women Historical Personalities

Austrian Historical Personalities

Childhood & Early Life

Elisabeth was born on December 24, 1837, in Munich, Bavaria, to Duke Maximilian Joseph and Princess Ludovika. She was their fourth child and also the half-sister of King Ludwig I of Bavaria.

Her father had a very eccentric character. He very progressive for his times, which impacted her childhood tremendously. Unlike other aristocrats, Elisabeth spent much of her time riding in the countryside and wasn’t subjected to much formal education.

She was very close to her elder sister Helene throughout her childhood. In 1853, she traveled with her sister and mother to Austria to find a match for Helene. Incidentally, at the same time, Elisabeth’s aunt and Ludovika’s sister Sophie was looking for a match for her son Franz Joseph.

Continue Reading Below

Married Life

In a turn of events, Franz Joseph ended up liking Elisabeth and wished to marry her instead of Helene. Though his mother was displeased about his decision, she relented to his stubbornness.

Franz Joseph and Elisabeth got married on April 24, 1854. While Franz was cheerful and elated, Elisabeth was quiet and nervous, mainly because of her new mother-in-law’s attitude towards her.

Her relationship with her mother-in-law soured even further when she gave birth to her first child Archduchess Sophie in 1855. Her mother-in-law refused to let Elisabeth care for her child and always thought of her as “a silly girl incapable of handling a child or an empire.” The behavior of her mother-in-law did not improve even after she gave birth to her second child Archduchess Gisela in 1856.

Elisabeth was soon being pressurized to produce a male child. Her mother-in-law would often taunt her, both publicly and in private, to show her displeasure in Elisabeth’s inability to bear a son.

In 1857, she suffered a major tragedy when her daughter Archduchess Sophie died when she was just two years old. This incident happened in Hungary where she and her daughter had accompanied the emperor for the first time.

Role As Empress

Post her first daughter’s death, Elisabeth slowly retreated from her second daughter as well and instead started concentrating on maintaining her own physical appearance. She started engaging in rigorous exercises, fasting, and taking care of her ankle-length hair. Parallelly, she also used this period to learn multiple languages.

In 1858, she gave birth to her first son Crown Prince Rudolf. His birth encouraged her to become active in political affairs once again, and she started speaking on behalf of her countrymen from Hungary.

During this period, she became close to a Hungarian diplomat Count Gyula Andrassy. Though their association started as a friendship, it was rumored that they had a secret love affair and that Elisabeth’s fourth child, born in 1868, was a result of this affair.

In the 1860s, she was forced to stay away from politics as she had multiple health issues that took a toll on her routine life. Rumors were also surfacing about her husband’s alleged affair with an actress that again brought additional stress for her.

Continue Reading Below

She voluntarily distanced herself from the political affairs and started standing her ground against her husband and mother-in-law, especially when they wanted her to get pregnant again which she refused. Her marriage hit the rock-bottom during this phase.

In 1867, she voluntarily went back to her marriage, mainly to influence her husband and mother-in-law to push for the Austro-Hungarian compromise. This meant there would be a dual monarchy in which Hungary and Austria would become equal partners.

The compromise also made Franz the King of Hungary, and Elisabeth the queen. Andrassy was made the prime minister.

In 1868, she gave birth to another daughter, Valerie, to whom she was extremely attached.

Queen of Hungary

Upon taking the new title as the Queen of Hungary, she got more opportunities to spend time with her own countrymen. Her mother-in-law died in 1872, but this didn’t affect her in anyway as she continued to stay away from court and instead started traveling and raised her last daughter in Hungary.

Elisabeth had to face multiple tragedies starting from 1888, when her father died. The most tragic was when her dear son Rudolf died in a suicide pact with his mistress Mary Vetsera in 1889. This left her shattered.

Her sister Helene died in 1890. This was followed by the death of her friend Andrassy who passed away in the same year. Lastly, in 1892, her mother died. However, during this period, her fame continuously rose and she even repaired her relationship with her husband and they ended up being good friends.

Assassination

Elisabeth was assassinated on September 10, 1898, in Geneva, Switzerland. Even though she was traveling without anybody knowing, somehow the news got leaked. While walking towards a steamer to board it, an Italian named Luigi Lucheni assassinated her by stabbing on her chest with a thin blade.

She succumbed to her injuries immediately and her body was returned to Austria for a state funeral. She was buried in the Capuchin Church. Her killer was convicted, and he later committed suicide in 1910, while imprisoned.

Facts About Empress Elisabeth of Austria

Empress Elisabeth of Austria was known for her beauty and was often referred to as "Sisi" by those close to her.

She had a passion for horseback riding and was an accomplished equestrienne, spending many hours riding and caring for her beloved horses.

Elisabeth was a talented poet and writer, composing numerous poems and even publishing a collection of her works.

She had a deep love for nature and often sought solace in the outdoors, particularly in the mountains of Switzerland where she spent much of her time.

Elisabeth was a progressive thinker for her time, advocating for the rights of women and showing compassion towards the less fortunate through her charitable endeavors.

Empress Elisabeth of Austria Biography

You wanted to know

How did Empress Elisabeth of Austria die?

What were Empress Elisabeth of Austria's beauty secrets?

Did Empress Elisabeth of Austria have any children?

What languages did Empress Elisabeth of Austria speak?

How did Empress Elisabeth of Austria spend her later years?