Who was Ernst Haeckel? Everything You Need to Know

Quick Facts

German Celebrities Born In February

Also Known As: Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel

Died At Age: 85

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Agnes Huschke

children: Walter

Born Country: Germany

Zoologists German Men

Died on: August 9, 1919

place of death: Jena, Germany

Notable Alumni: University Of Berlin, University Of Würzburg

City: Potsdam, Germany

More Facts

education: University Of Würzburg, University Of Jena, University Of Berlin

awards: 1907 - Title of Excellency
1908 - Darwin-Wallace Medal

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1

What is Ernst Haeckel known for?

Ernst Haeckel was a renowned German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, and artist, known for his work in evolutionary theory and his illustrations of biological organisms.
2

What is Ernst Haeckel's contribution to biology?

Ernst Haeckel made significant contributions to the fields of biology and evolutionary theory. He is best known for his concept of recapitulation theory, proposing that the development of an embryo repeats the evolutionary history of the species.
3

How did Ernst Haeckel influence the understanding of evolution?

Ernst Haeckel played a crucial role in popularizing Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in Germany and beyond. His illustrations and writings helped to explain complex biological concepts to a wider audience, influencing the public's understanding of evolution.
4

What controversy surrounds Ernst Haeckel's work?

One of the main controversies surrounding Ernst Haeckel's work is related to his illustrations of embryos, which have been criticized for inaccuracies and alleged manipulation to support his recapitulation theory. Some of his drawings have been accused of exaggerating similarities between embryos of different species.
5

How has Ernst Haeckel's legacy influenced modern biology?

Ernst Haeckel's legacy continues to influence modern biology through his contributions to evolutionary theory and his popularization of scientific concepts. While some of his ideas have been challenged and revised, his work remains important in the history of biology and the development of evolutionary thought.

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Childhood & Early Life

Ernst Haeckel was born on 16 February 1834, in Potsdam, Germany. His father was a government official who worked at Merseburg. Haeckel did his schooling from Cathedral high school at Merseburg.

His parents wanted Haeckel to pursue medicine and the obedient son that he was, Ernst went to the renowned ‘University Of Berlin’ to pursue a degree in medicine. He graduated from this esteemed institution in 1857 and earned a doctorate in medicine (M.D) degree in the same year. Soon after, Haeckel began his career as a doctor

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Career

Ernst Haeckel happened to read the legendary Charles Darwin’s famous book ‘Origin Of Species’, in 1859. The work influenced Haeckel heavily and motivated the young biologist to dedicate himself to research.

After a brief stint as a doctor, he decided to study further and joined the ‘University of Jena’. Under the tutelage of the great German anatomist Karl Gegenbaur, Ernst Haeckel bagged a doctorate in Zoology.

The University of Jena very much became an integral part of his life and he worked as a professor of comparative anatomy at the University for more than four decades.

During the period 1859-1866, Haeckel was engrossed in studies related to organisms such as Annelids and Poriferans. Eventually, he went on to identify several organisms and even coin many famous words of biology that we know today. ‘Ecology’, ‘Phylum’ and ‘Protista’ are a few of the jargon that came into existence due to Ernst Haeckel.

According to a few sources, he had compiled his findings on Radiolarians in a book consisting of illustrations and even sent a copy to his idol Charles Darwin. Apparently, Darwin was pleased by the work and acknowledged it by writing a letter to Haeckel, in praise of the latter’s passion towards biology.

1866-67 was an eventful period in his life, all thanks to his trip to Canary Islands, situated in Spain. He happened to meet his idol Charles Darwin during this trip. He also interacted with other renowned biologists such as Thomas Huxley and Charles Lyell.

In a matter of five years, ranging from 1869 to 1873, Haeckel travelled to several nations such as Norway, Croatia, Egypt, Greece and Turkey for his research.

Another famous claim of Ernst Haeckel, which grabbed the world’s attention, was his opinion on human evolution. According to him, humans evolved from apes and that the evidences of this drastic change can be found in Indonesia.

Another important observation of Haeckel that can’t be ignored is the link between Ontogeny and Phylogeny. While Ontogeny refers to the process of an organism’s development from the stage of an egg, Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary changes among organisms. Phylogeny also compares different biological species as well as their similarities and dissimilarities.

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He also grabbed attention for the wrong reasons, apart from his path-breaking findings. It was alleged that during his time at the University of Jena, he indulged in fraudulent practice but there had been no substantial evidence to back this claim.

Major Works

One of the reasons why Ernst Haeckel is popular worldwide is his ‘Recapitulation Theory’. Also famously known as the ‘biogenetic law’ among many, this theory was Ernst’s attempt to understand the similarities between humans and animals. This famous claim of his received mixed reviews. While some of them hailed his inference, a few rubbished the ‘Recapitulation Theory’ and criticized the biologist and his findings.

Awards & Achievements

Ernst Haeckel was felicitated with the Darwin Wallace medal in 1908 for his immense contribution towards science.

The famous German emperor Wilhelm II too had recognized Haeckel’s contribution and honoured him with the prestigious Title of Excellency.

Personal Life & Legacy

Apart from his biological research, Ernst Haeckel was also quite fond of paintings. In his book ‘Kunstformen der Natur’, (which translates to ‘Art Forms Of Nature’), he had described several microorganisms using colourful illustrations, which managed to captivate the readers.

It is believed that Ernst Haeckel, along with his parents, had visited the town of Napoli, situated in Italy, when he was around 25. It was here that the biologist also discovered his love for art.

Ernst Haeckel was twice married but not much is known his first wife. The name of his second wife was Agnes and she passed away in the year 1915.

Haeckel’s health apparently deteriorated after the demise of Agnes. He also suffered from several injuries at this time. Just three years after the death of his beloved wife, Ernst Haeckel offered his residence to the famous ‘Carl Zeiss Foundation’.

He died on 9 August 1919, at the age of 85, in Jena, Germany.

A summit in Eastern Nevada, has been named ‘Mount Haeckel’ in his honour. This mountain is approximately 13, 418m in height.

Facts About Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Haeckel was not only a renowned biologist but also a talented artist, known for his intricate and detailed illustrations of marine life.

Haeckel coined the term "ecology" and was a pioneer in the study of the relationships between organisms and their environments.

He was a strong advocate for evolution and was instrumental in popularizing the theory of evolution in Germany.

Haeckel's fascination with symmetry in nature led him to develop the concept of "biogenetic law," which suggested that the development of an embryo recapitulates the evolutionary history of its species.

Aside from his scientific contributions, Haeckel was also a passionate supporter of social reform and was actively involved in promoting education and social welfare initiatives in Germany.

Ernst Haeckel Biography

You wanted to know

What is Ernst Haeckel known for?

What is Ernst Haeckel's contribution to biology?

How did Ernst Haeckel influence the understanding of evolution?

What controversy surrounds Ernst Haeckel's work?

How has Ernst Haeckel's legacy influenced modern biology?