Guru Nanak Dev Ji Biography

Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born on 15 April 1469, in Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī (present day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan) near Lahore, into a Hindu family. His father Mehta Kalu and mother Mata Tripta belonged to the merchant caste. His father was the local patwari (accountant) in the village of Talwandi. He had one elder sister, Bebe Nanaki, to whom he was very close.

From a young age he started displaying his brilliance. He became interested in spirituality and divine subjects when he was just five.

He started attending school when he was seven years old. Legend has it that he described the symbolism of the first letter of the alphabet in Persian, which resembles the mathematical version of one, to represent the unity or oneness of God.

When he attained the age of 11, his father arranged for him to participate in the sacred thread ceremony, a Hindu ritual symbolizing man’s connection with God. But the boy rebelled and refused to participate in this ritual as he felt that it was a meaningless one.

When he was old enough, his father told him to graze cattle. But instead of watching the cattle he would slip into meditative trances and get into trouble because of his carelessness. This made his father angry with him.

He was very spiritual and philosophical even as a young boy and denounced idol worship. He also did not believe in the Hindu caste system. In spite of being born in a Hindu family, he interacted with Muslims and was interested in reading the religious texts of both the faiths.

Guru Nanak Dev Ji's father tried to get him engaged in business and gave him money for making purchases. Instead of buying the materials required for the business, Guru Nanak Dev Ji spent the entire money in feeding homeless and hungry people.

When Guru Nanak Dev Ji was around 16, he started working under Daulat Khan Lodi, under whom his brother-in-law also worked. This marked an important period in his life as he would make numerous allusions to the governmental structure in his future hymns.

He performed well in his job as he was a very hardworking and sincere employee. He also proved to be a very kind and generous person. In spite of being a married man and father now, he was not distracted from his quest for spiritual knowledge.

Three days later he miraculously appeared out of the river and told everyone that he had been taken to God’s court. He was spiritually reawakened by this incident and was completely enlightened. From this point onwards, people stared calling him “Guru Nanak”.

Thus he founded the religion of Sikhism which emphasizes the principle of equality of all humans and rejects discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, and gender. The central teaching in Sikhism is the belief in the concept of the oneness of God

Along with Mardana, he traveled far and wide spreading the holy message of peace and compassion to all of mankind. Even though there are no exact accounts of his travels, he is believed to have made at least four major journeys, spanning more than 28,000 kilometers during the period from 1500 to 1524.

He returned home after his long travels and settled in Kartarpur where he continued his ministry till the very end. Towards the end of his life he appointed his disciple Bhai Lehna as his successor. Lehna was then renamed “Angad” and designated as Guru Angad, the second Sikh Guru, after Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s death.

Guru Nanak Dev Ji founded Sikhism which is now the fifth-largest organized religion in the world, with approximately 30 million adherents. He also established the system of the Langar, or communal kitchen, in order to demonstrate the need to share and have equality among all people.

Guru Nanak Dev Ji married Sulakkhani, daughter of Mūl Chand and Chando Rāṇī, on 24 September 1487. The couple had two sons, Sri Chand and Lakhmi Chand.

He died on 22 September 1539, in Kartarpur, at the age of 70.