Who was Hatshepsut? Everything You Need to Know

Quick Facts

Also Known As: Hatchepsut

Died At Age: 49

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Thutmose II

father: Thutmose I

mother: Ahmose

siblings: Nefrubity, Thutmose II

children: Neferure

Emperors & Kings Egyptian Women

Died on: January 16, 1458 BC

place of death: Ancient Egypt

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1

Where is Hatshepsut's temple located?

Hatshepsut's temple, also known as Deir el-Bahari, is located on the west bank of the Nile River in Luxor, Egypt.
2

What was Hatshepsut's role in ancient Egypt?

Hatshepsut was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt and the second known female pharaoh. She ruled as a co-regent with her stepson, Thutmose III.
3

What was Hatshepsut known for building?

Hatshepsut was known for building the impressive mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari, which was dedicated to the god Amun.
4

How did Hatshepsut die?

The exact cause of Hatshepsut's death is unknown, but it is believed that she died of natural causes, possibly related to diabetes or bone cancer.
5

What was Hatshepsut's reign like in ancient Egypt?

Hatshepsut's reign was marked by prosperity, stability, and extensive building projects. She is considered one of ancient Egypt's most successful pharaohs.

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Childhood & Early Life

Hatshepsut was born to an Egyptian Pharaoh named Thutmose I and Ahmose, who was one of the wives of this ruler.

When the princess was barely 12 years old, her father passed away. Circumstances forced her to enter the wedlock with Thutmose II, who was another child of his father from his relationship with a second wife.

The intention behind the wedding was to prevent the younger generation from involving themselves in a courtship outside the royal family. Her marriage to her half-brother helped Hatshepsut rise to the position of the queen.

Thutmose II passed away after ruling for 15 long years, when the Queen was hardly 30 years old. The couple was devoid of a male heir to the throne and the question of the next successor plagued the royal family. Although Thutmose II had a male child with a mistress named Isis, he was only an infant.

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Accession & Reign

The queen solved the problem by deciding to step into her husband’s shoes as the ruler, until the infant Thutmose III attains a considerable age. However, it is believed that her nephew Thutmose III remained a co-ruler for the rest of his life and never gained complete control over the thrown.

After succeeding her husband Thutmose I, Hatshepsut’s biggest responsibility was to ensure that her kingdom’s economy flourishes. One of the first few milestones she achieved was improving the trade network across Egypt, which was not well-developed during the reigns of her predecessors.

Paths were constructed to ensure better connectivity between neighboring towns and cities, helping in bettering the Egyptian economy.

It is also believed that during the early years of her rule, Hatshepsut tried to invade Syria and ancient African kingdoms like Nubia using her military forces and even succeeded in her task.

Another work of great significance which the female Pharaoh undertook was ensuring better infrastructure in her kingdom, which mainly included construction of buildings. Hundreds of dwellings were constructed throughout Egypt during this female Pharaoh’s tenure.

The ruler had sought the help of a renowned architect called Ineni to create phenomenal works of architecture. One such masterpiece, of her tenure, was the restoration of an ancient historical site named ‘Precinct of Mut’, dedicated to the Egyptian goddess named Mut. Her highness had even got two Obelisk structures of her installed at this temple.

The leader’s religious interest inspired her to focus on the construction of the temple named ‘Djeser-djeseru’, which also served later as the Pharaoh’s mortuary. The temple was known for featuring a magnificent colonnaded structure and is considered a classic piece of architecture even today.

The Pharaoh is also said to have constructed many monuments in the ancient temple site of ‘Karnak’, located towards the south of the present day Egyptian capital Cairo.

Another common belief associated with Hatshepsut is that she promoted the achievements of her administration by inscribing drawings on the various monuments that were constructed during her period.

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Personal Life & Legacy

It is believed that the female Pharaoh had passed away during the year 1458 BC, and was cremated at a site called ‘KV20’, which was also the same place where her father Thutmose I was buried. The female Pharaoh, who ruled for more than twenty years, was succeeded by her nephew Thutmose III.

It is said that Hatshepsut had started constructing her burial site long before her death, even when her husband was alive.

When Thutmose III, her successor, reached the end of his tenure, many attempts were made by the ruler’s son to eliminate all the historical fats and records associated with Hatshepsut. The activities included erasing information related to the female Pharaoh from the walls of the monuments of her time.

In the year 2006, researchers had found archaeological remains at the temple complex of Karnak, which are believed to be that of this female Pharaoh and her successor Thutmose III.

Many statues were constructed during the Pharaoh’s tenure, which were mostly created by the architect Ineni. The ‘New York Metropolitan Museum of Art’ houses many of these works even today.

Facts About Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut was one of the few female pharaohs in ancient Egypt and is known for her successful reign that brought prosperity to the kingdom.

She is often depicted wearing the traditional pharaoh's attire, including the royal headdress and ceremonial beard, despite her gender.

Hatshepsut was a prolific builder, commissioning many impressive monuments and temples during her rule, showcasing her dedication to the prosperity of Egypt.

She was known for her diplomatic skills and successful trade expeditions, expanding Egypt's influence and wealth during her reign.

Hatshepsut's legacy as a powerful and influential ruler has endured throughout history, with many admiring her leadership and achievements.

Hatshepsut Biography

You wanted to know

Where is Hatshepsut's temple located?

What was Hatshepsut's role in ancient Egypt?

What was Hatshepsut known for building?

How did Hatshepsut die?

What was Hatshepsut's reign like in ancient Egypt?