Who was Jacques Derrida? Everything You Need to Know

Quick Facts

French Celebrities Born In July

Also Known As: Jackie Élie Derrida

Died At Age: 74

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Marguerite Aucouturier

father: Georgette Sultana Esther Safar

mother: Aimé Derrida (1896–1970)

children: Pierre Alféri

Born Country: Algeria

Philosophers French Men

Died on: October 9, 2004

place of death: Paris, France

Ancestry: Algerian French

Diseases & Disabilities: Pancreatic Cancer

Cause of Death: Pancreatic Cancer

More Facts

education: Harvard University, University Of Paris, École Normale Supérieure

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1

What is deconstruction in Jacques Derrida's philosophy?

Deconstruction is a philosophical theory and method of textual analysis that was developed by Jacques Derrida. It involves questioning and subverting the traditional assumptions about language, meaning, and truth in order to expose the underlying complexities and contradictions in texts.
2

What is differance according to Jacques Derrida?

Differance is a key concept in Derrida's philosophy that refers to the inherent ambiguity and instability of language and meaning. It highlights the idea that words and concepts both differ from and defer to each other, leading to a constant play of differences and deferrals in language.
3

How did Jacques Derrida influence literary theory?

Jacques Derrida's deconstructive approach to language and meaning has had a significant impact on literary theory. His ideas have challenged traditional literary criticism by emphasizing the indeterminacy and fluidity of texts, leading to new interpretations and understandings of literature.
4

What is the relationship between deconstruction and postmodernism in Jacques Derrida's philosophy?

Deconstruction is often associated with postmodernism due to its emphasis on questioning and destabilizing traditional categories and hierarchies. Derrida's deconstructive method has been seen as a key aspect of postmodern thought, challenging fixed meanings and opening up new possibilities for interpretation.

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Childhood & Early Life

Jacques Elie Derrida was the third of the five children born to Haim Aaron Prosper Charles Derrida and Georgette Sultana Esther Safar in El Biar, French Algeria. He was of Sephardic-Jewish descent.

He was debarred from his lycee (secondary school) on the first day after French officers executed anti-Semitic allocations by the Vichy administration. He avoided school for a year and partook in a number of football competitions instead, as he dreamt of becoming a professional football player.

In his teenage years, he found great solace in the works of philosophers such as Rousseau, Nietzsche and Gide. He completed his master’s degree in Philosophy, following which he received a scholarship to study at Harvard University from 1956 to 1957.

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Career

From 1957 to 1959, he taught the English language and the French to the children of soldiers, in lieu military service. The next year, he was appointed to teach philosophy at the Sorbonne, where he also worked as an assistant to Suzanne Bachelard.

He began to teach permanently at the Ecole Normale Superieure in 1964; a position he kept for the next twenty years.

He became linked with a group of intellectuals and philosophical theorists who were collectively known as ‘Tel Quel’. On October 21, 1966, he presented a lecture at John Hopkins University titled ‘Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences’. This shot him to worldwide prominence.

He printed the first of his three books, ‘Writing and Difference’ in 1967. The same year, he published ‘Speech and Phenomena: And Other Essays on Husserl’s Theory of Signs’ and his best-known work ‘Of Grammatology’.

He continued to produce a number of significant works such as ‘Glas’, in 1974 and ‘The Post Card: From Socrates to Frued and Beyond’, six years later. During this time, he was also one of the intelligentsias who signed the requisition ‘against age of consent laws’.

In 1983, he co-founded the College international de philosophe along with Francois Chatelet and was selected as the establishment’s first head. Three years later, he was appointed as the Professor of Humanities at the University of California, Irvine, where he taught till just before his death.

One of his most important lectures titled, ‘Of Spirit: Heidegger and the Question’ was published in October 1987.

Till the time of his death, he was a visiting professor for a number of universities such as John Hopkins University, New York University, European Graduate School, Yale University and Stony Brook University.

In 1990, all of his writings were assembled in a book called ‘On the Right to Philosophy’. The next year, he published ‘The Other Heading’, in which he deliberated the notion of individuality.

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In 1993, he published an overtly autobiographical publication titled, ‘Circumfession’.

In 1999, he participated in a biographical biopic, ‘D’ailleurs, Derrida’ and then again in 2002 he was once again seen in a documentary titled ‘Derrida’.

Many of the papers he wrote through his life were all compiled and collected into a publication titled ‘The Work of Mourning’, which was published in 2001.

Major Works

Derrida published three books in 1967, that charted this important philosophical ideology. The book are: ‘Speech and Phenomena’, ‘Of Grammatology’ and ‘Writing and Difference’. In these three books, he investigated and evaluated Western Philosophy. This was by far his most important inputs in philosophy and is also considered some of the best works on Edmund Husserl and the ‘phenomenology’. These three publications collectively established his status and projected him to international prominence.

Awards & Achievements

He was bestowed honorary doctorates by the Columbia University, University of Essex, University of Silesia and The New School for Social Research.

He was presented the ‘Theodor Adorno Prize’, in 2001.

Personal Life & Legacy

In 1957, he married psychoanalyst, Marguerite Aucouturier. They had two sons together.

In 1985, he fathered a son from Sylviana Agacinski.

Shortly before his death, he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, which ultimately took his life. He died on October 9, 2004.

Many of the authors and personalities who have been widely influenced by his theory of deconstruction include Helene Cixous, Jean-Luc Nancy, Richard Rorty, Rosalind Krauss, Gary Peller, Alan Hunt and Hayden White, to name a few.

Facts About Jacques Derrida

Jacques Derrida was known for his love of cats and often referenced them in his work, using them as symbols of ambiguity and deconstruction.

Derrida was a skilled pianist and enjoyed playing classical music in his spare time, finding inspiration in the works of composers like Chopin and Debussy.

Derrida was a champion of minority voices and marginalized groups, using his philosophical work to advocate for social justice and equality.

Derrida had a deep appreciation for art and literature, drawing inspiration from sources as diverse as Shakespeare, Kafka, and Picasso in his philosophical explorations.

Jacques Derrida Biography

You wanted to know

What is deconstruction in Jacques Derrida's philosophy?

What is differance according to Jacques Derrida?

How did Jacques Derrida influence literary theory?

What is the relationship between deconstruction and postmodernism in Jacques Derrida's philosophy?