Stephen Foster Biography

(Composer known as the Father of American music)

Birthday: July 4, 1826 (Cancer)

Born In: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Stephens Collins Foster was an American composer and songwriter who wrote 286 songs spanning a writing career of 20 years. Some of his songs became the favorites of middle class families which were sung by amateur singers when people gathered in their parlors. The “parlor” songs were accompanied by musical instruments such as pianos which were the prized possessions of a few well-to-do households. He also wrote a large number of songs sung by the minstrels while enacting comical skits and variety shows. The music curriculums followed by many schools include some his songs and they are termed as “childhood songs”. Most of his songs seemed to be based on his own experiences in life. The lyrics of his songs were tender and their rhythm was spell-binding. The songs contained his opinion about home, temperament, politics, battles, and life in plantations. His songs are still popular even after more than 150 years since the time they were written. He is considered as the most famous songwriter to have emerged in the nineteenth century. He is probably the most recognized American composer in other parts of the world.
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Quick Facts

Also Known As: Stephen Collins Foster, Stephen C. Foster

Died At Age: 37

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Jane McDowell

father: William B. Foster

mother: Eliza T. Foster

siblings: Anne Eliza Foster Buchanan (1812 - 1891), Charlotte Susanna Foster (1809 - 1829), Dunning McNair Foster (1821 - 1856), Henrietta Angelica Foster Thornton (1819 - 1879), Henry Baldwin Foster (1816 - 1870), Morrison Foster (1823 - 1904)

children: Marion Foster Welch (1851 - 1935)

Composers Lyricists & Songwriters

Died on: January 13, 1864

place of death: Bellevue., New York, United States

U.S. State: Pennsylvania

Notable Alumni: Washington & Jefferson College, Athens Academy, Towanda, Pennsylvania Athens Academy

City: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

More Facts

education: Athens Academy, Towanda, Pennsylvania Athens Academy, Washington & Jefferson College

  • 1

    When did Stephen Foster start composing music?

    Stephen Foster started composing music at a young age, with his first published song, "Open Thy Lattice Love," released in 1844 when he was just 18 years old.

  • 2

    What was the inspiration behind Stephen Foster's famous song "Oh! Susanna?"

    The inspiration behind Stephen Foster's famous song "Oh! Susanna" came from literature and the experiences of travelers heading to California during the Gold Rush in the mid-1800s.

  • 3

    How did Stephen Foster's music influence the development of American popular music?

    Stephen Foster's music played a significant role in shaping American popular music by blending elements of European classical music with African American influences, helping to establish a unique American musical identity.

  • 4

    What impact did Stephen Foster's songs have on the American Civil War?

    During the American Civil War, Stephen Foster's songs, such as "Beautiful Dreamer" and "Hard Times Come Again No More," provided comfort and solace to soldiers on both sides, reflecting the sentiments of the era.

  • 5

    How have modern artists paid tribute to Stephen Foster's musical legacy?

    Modern artists have paid tribute to Stephen Foster's musical legacy by covering his songs, incorporating his melodies into their own compositions, and participating in events that celebrate his contributions to American music.

Childhood & Early Life
Stephens Collins Foster was born in a middle-class family on July 4, 1826 in Lawrenceville, Pittsburg. His mother was Eliza Clayland Tomlinson Foster and his father was William Barclay Foster. His father was the mayor of a Pittsburg suburb called the Allegheny City and held a membership in the legislature formed by the State of Pennsylvania.
He was the ninth child born to his parents and was preceded by Ann Eliza, Charlotte Susana, William Sr., William Jr., Henry, Henrietta, Dunning, Morrison and James. Ann Eliza, William Jr. and James had died in their infancy leaving him as the “baby” in the family.
In 1840, he joined the Allegheny Academy but soon left it to join the Athens Academy and then the Towanda Academy. He left this institution to join the Jefferson College the next year but left it after a week only to remain with his family from 1841 to 1846.
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Career
In 1846, he moved to Cincinnati to work for Irwin & Foster Steamboat Agency as a bookkeeper where he came across the lives of people from the Irish working class as well as the aristocracies of the English and Scottish people.
He soon gave up the job of a bookkeeper and devoted himself to writing songs. He sold the rights of “Oh! Susanna” and “Old Uncle Ned” to a publisher named W.C. Peters in 1848.
He negotiated with New York based publishers Firth & Pond Co. in 1849 who agreed to publish his songs.
In 1850, Stephen Collins moved back to Pittsburg and remained with his family for the next six years. During this time he wrote more than 160 songs. Correspondence with one of the leading minstrel singer groups “Christy Minstrels” and their leader E.P Christy happened during this time. The two reached an agreement that Foster’s song would be bought by E.P. Christy, sung first by the minstrels at every show and the sheet music credit would say “As sung by the Christy Minstrels”. It was an agreement that lasted many years and benefited both.
The only hitch in this relationship developed in 1851 when the publication of the song “Old Folks At Home” was credited to E.P. Christy.
The creative talent of Stephen Foster suffered in the late 1850s and he was unable to write much during that time.
Though he had got substantial amount of royalties from the New York publisher Firth & Pond Co. during all these years, the contract with them ended with the song “Old Black Joe” in 1860.
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Stephen Foster wrote many songs which told about heroism, patriotism, love, homesickness, but none of the songs could make a mark like his old songs.
Major Works
While at the Athens Academy in 1840 he wrote his first song “The Tioga Waltz” at the age of fourteen. It was published only after his death.
His first song “Open Thy Lattice Love” was published in 1843 and the next three “Louisiana Belle”, “Old Uncle Ned” and “Oh! Susanna” in 1845 during family concerts when he was still with his family.
Personal Life & Legacy
On July 22, 1850, Stephen Collins Foster married Jane Denny McDowell and settled in Pittsburg. They had a daughter named Marion from the marriage.
His addiction to alcohol led to many separations from his wife with repeated reconciliations. Inspiration from his wife was evident during one such separation when he wrote the song “Jeanne With the Light Brown Hair”. His wife agreed for another reconciliation which was also short lived.
With the alcohol addiction breaking up his marriage and rendering him penniless, Stephen Foster moved to New York in 1861. While in New York, Stephen Collins Foster sold all the rights to his songs for hard cash.
Facts About Stephen Foster

Stephen Foster, known as the "Father of American Music," wrote over 200 songs during his lifetime, many of which are still popular today.

Foster's song "Oh! Susanna" is considered one of the first American popular songs and played a significant role in shaping the country's musical landscape.

Foster was a self-taught musician who had a natural talent for composing melodies that resonated with audiences across the United States.

In addition to his musical talents, Foster was also a skilled poet and lyricist, crafting verses that captured the spirit of the times and reflected the changing cultural landscape of America.

See the events in life of Stephen Foster in Chronological Order

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