Who was Steve Biko? Everything You Need to Know

Quick Facts

Also Known As: Bantu Stephen Biko

Died At Age: 30

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Ntsiki Mashalaba

father: Mzingaye Mathew Biko

siblings: Bukelwa, Khaya, Nobandile

children: Nkosinathi Biko; Lerato Biko; Samora Biko; Motlatsi Biko; Hlumelo Biko

South African Men Male Activists

Died on: September 12, 1977

place of death: Pretoria, South Africa

Notable Alumni: University Of Natal, University Of Natal Medical School

: Extensive Brain Injury

Cause of Death: Assassination

More Facts

education: University Of Natal, University of Natal Medical School

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1

What was Steve Biko's role in the Black Consciousness Movement?

Steve Biko was a prominent leader in the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa. He played a key role in mobilizing and empowering black South Africans to embrace their identity and resist apartheid.
2

How did Steve Biko's ideas influence the anti-apartheid movement?

Steve Biko's ideas, centered around black pride and self-reliance, inspired many black South Africans to challenge the apartheid regime. His emphasis on self-assertion and unity laid the groundwork for resistance against racial oppression.
3

What were the key principles of the Black Consciousness Movement led by Steve Biko?

The Black Consciousness Movement, led by Steve Biko, emphasized the importance of black pride, self-reliance, and unity among black South Africans. It sought to challenge the psychological effects of apartheid and empower black people to take control of their own liberation.
4

What was the significance of Steve Biko's death in the fight against apartheid?

Steve Biko's death in police custody in 1977 sparked international outrage and drew attention to the brutal tactics used by the apartheid regime to suppress dissent. His martyrdom galvanized further resistance and solidarity, leading to increased pressure on the apartheid government.

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Childhood & Early Life

Bantu Stephen Biko was born in a poor South African family on 18th December 1946 to Mzingaye Biko and Alice Biko. His father worked as a policeman first, and later as a clerk, while his mother worked as a servant for the white people. Everything was right, until the family lost the father to sickness, when young Bantu was four-years-old. The responsibility of taking care of the family fell on his mother and she tried her best to provide means of survival to all her four children.

In school, Bantu was recognized as a very curious student, with an insatiable hunger to know more and more about the things that interested him. He soon got a chance to study in the prestigious boarding school, Lovedale, where his brother Khaya also studied. The brothers were then accused of supporting Pan-Africanist Congress, an armed nationalist organization which the South African government had banned. Khaya and Steve were expelled from Lovedale. Steve later went on to study medicine in St. Francis College, where most of his political affiliations developed.

It was at St. Francis that Steve started to oppose the colonist white South African government, and joined protests demanding a government which was in resonance with the black community, the majority population in South Africa.

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Activism

Steve Biko attended the University of Natal in 1966 to study medicine as soon as he got out of the high school. At the university, he experienced the racial discrimination based on the skin colour and the dangerous level of white supremacy that prevailed. The need for a separate organization for ‘coloured’ students led to the formation of the National Union for South African Students, and Steve joined it in 1966.

In 1968, Steve co-founded a separate organization with the name of South African Students’ Organization and anti-apartheid became their main agenda, a government policy which subtly put white skinned people over others. SASO demanded equal rights for black, coloured and Indian students and hence, the Black Consciousness movement achieved humongous support through SASO.

It took Steve just one full year to reach the top of organization and become its president. After naming the new president, SASO went all out with their speeches and movements, which shook the South African anti-apartheid sensibilities to their core. His influence was breaking barriers and it reached a point when the University of Natal had to expel him in 1972.

Steve made his intentions clear in the same year when he came up with another group named Black People’s Convention and became its leader. All through the 70s the group became bigger and bigger and came ahead as the sole hope for black people to gain their rights back. In 1973, the government forced a ban on Steve. According to the ban, he was not supposed to speak in public, give interviews, write columns among other restrictions.

As a result of the ban, the operations at SASO halted for a brief period of time, before the group became active once again in mid 70s and their leaders started working undercover. In order to fund the family welfare of political activists, Steve created the Zimele Trust, which further established trust of black people in him and his influence grew further.

His growing popularity became a headache for the South African government and Steve was arrested several times on charges of being anti national. In August 1977, Steve was arrested for the last time and was held in Port Elizabeth.

Death

Steve was arrested in August 1977. A month later in September 1977, Steve was found severely beaten and all naked in Pretoria, hundreds of miles away from the place he was supposedly held a prisoner. He died the very next day, on 12th September due to brain haemorrhage, which was a result of severe beating he received in prison by the police. The news about his death spread like wildfire and several protests erupted out, shaking the South African government to its root.

The policemen accused of beating were never charged for anything and 20 years later, the same policemen accepted beating Steve to death. Before his death, Steve had already done all that was needed to be done and became an immortal anti-apartheid icon for South Africa.

Personal Life

Steve Biko has been frequently described as a tall, well built and handsome man and girls loved him. Biko, his associates and other activists refused luxury and said that most of their black brothers and sisters can’t even have the basic means of survival, so there is no morality in living an overly comfortable life.

He was popular among girls, both white and black, and was frequently mentioned as a womaniser, but he settled down in December 1970 after marrying Ntsiki Mashalaba and the couple became parents to two children. Ntsiki was aware of Steve’s several extra-marital affairs, and she had already filed for a divorce before he died in 1977.

Facts About Steve Biko

Steve Biko was a talented musician and enjoyed playing the guitar in his free time.

He had a great sense of humor and was known for his witty remarks among his friends and colleagues.

Steve Biko was a voracious reader and had a deep interest in philosophy and African literature.

He was a skilled soccer player and often played with local teams in his community.

Steve Biko was also a talented artist and enjoyed sketching and painting in his spare time.

Steve Biko Biography

You wanted to know

What was Steve Biko's role in the Black Consciousness Movement?

How did Steve Biko's ideas influence the anti-apartheid movement?

What were the key principles of the Black Consciousness Movement led by Steve Biko?

What was the significance of Steve Biko's death in the fight against apartheid?