Famous Thai Emperors & Kings

Chulalongkorn, also known as Rama V, was the fifth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty. During his reign from 1868 to 1910, he focused on modernizing Siam through governmental and social reforms. He also made territorial concessions to the British and French Empires while ensuring Siam's independence amidst increasing European colonial pressures. Chulalongkorn's dedication to reform and independence earned him the title Phra Piya Maharat, reflecting his efforts to protect his country's sovereignty in the face of Western encroachment.

Bhumibol Adulyadej was the ninth king of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama IX, from 1946 until his death in 2016. His reign of 70 years and 126 days is the longest of any Thai monarch. He oversaw Thailand through the Cold War as a key US ally and presided over the country's economic boom in the late 20th century. Bhumibol's rule saw periods of gradual democratization alongside frequent military coups, shaping Thailand's political landscape for decades.

Rama I, also known as Phra Bat Somdet Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok Maharat, was the first King of Siam from the Chakri dynasty. He ascended the throne in 1782 after the deposition of King Taksin. Rama I was a skilled military leader who played a crucial role in the reunification of Siam and the establishment of Bangkok as the new capital. He successfully defended Siam against the Burmese in the Burmese-Siamese War of 1785-86 and revitalized Siamese culture and state organization, ushering in a new "Golden Age of Culture."

Mongkut, known as Rama IV, was the fourth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty. During his reign from 1851 to 1868, he focused on modernizing Siam through embracing Western innovations and initiating technological and cultural advancements. His efforts in modernization earned him the nickname "The Father of Science and Technology" in Siam. Mongkut also appointed his younger brother, Prince Chutamani, as Second King and emphasized the importance of the powerful noble family of Bunnag during his rule.

King Narai the Great, also known as Ramathibodi III, was the 27th monarch of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and the last of the Prasat Thong dynasty. His reign from 1656 to 1688 marked a prosperous period in Ayutthaya history, characterized by extensive commercial and diplomatic activities with foreign nations. Notably, he granted significant power to Constantine Phaulkon, a Greek advisor, leading to close relations with France and conflicts with native officials. Narai's reign also saw military campaigns and interactions with foreign powers, leaving a rich historical legacy for scholars studying seventeenth-century Ayutthaya.

Ananda Mahidol, known as Rama VIII, ascended to the throne of Thailand as a young boy and ruled as king from a distance while living in Switzerland. He returned to Thailand in 1945 but tragically died in 1946 under mysterious circumstances. His death was initially believed to be an accident but was later ruled a murder. The subsequent trials and execution of three royal aides added to the intrigue surrounding his untimely demise, making it a topic of much speculation and controversy.

Prajadhipok, also known as Rama VII, was the seventh king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty. His reign was marked by significant political and social upheaval, particularly during the 1932 Siamese revolution. Prajadhipok faced challenges as he navigated through these turbulent times, ultimately becoming the only Siamese monarch of the Chakri dynasty to abdicate the throne. His decision to step down had a lasting impact on the history of Siam and the Chakri dynasty.

Vajiravudh, also known as Rama VI, was the sixth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, reigning from 1910 to 1925. He focused on promoting Siamese nationalism, fostering democracy, and steering clear of involvement in World War I. His interests spanned Siamese history, archaeology, literature, economics, politics, and world affairs. Notably, he established Chulalongkorn University, the country's first university. Vajiravudh's professional life was marked by his dedication to advancing his nation's cultural and educational institutions while navigating the complexities of global politics.

Rama III, also known as Phra Bat Somdet Phra Nangklao Chao Yu Hua, was the third king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty. He ascended the throne uncontested and successfully established Siam's military dominance through various conflicts, including the Laotian Rebellion and wars with Vietnam in Isan and Cambodia. His reign saw significant military achievements, solidifying Siam's power in the region. Rama III's leadership during these turbulent times showcased his strategic prowess and determination in maintaining Siam's sovereignty and influence.

Ramkhamhaeng was the third king of the Phra Ruang Dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom from 1279 to 1298. He is renowned for creating the Thai alphabet, which played a crucial role in shaping the cultural identity of Thailand. Additionally, he firmly established Theravada Buddhism as the state religion, contributing to the spiritual and moral fabric of the kingdom. Ramkhamhaeng's reign marked a prosperous era for Sukhothai, and his contributions to language and religion have left a lasting impact on Thai society.

Ekkathat, also known as Borommoracha III, was the 6th monarch of the Ban Phlu Luang dynasty and the last king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. He ruled from 1758 to 1767. Despite facing challenges such as the impending fall of Ayutthaya and being nicknamed "King Khiruean" due to a skin condition, Ekkathat demonstrated strong leadership during his reign. His professional life was marked by efforts to maintain stability and address the kingdom's internal and external threats before the eventual downfall of Ayutthaya in 1767.

Vajiralongkorn is the King of Thailand, belonging to the Chakri dynasty. He became crown prince at the age of 20 and ascended to the throne in December 2016 following his father's passing. His coronation took place in May 2019. With a reign retroactively declared to have begun upon his father's death, he holds the title of the oldest Thai monarch to ascend to the throne. Vajiralongkorn is known for being the wealthiest monarch globally, with an estimated net worth between US$30 billion and US$70 billion.

King Naresuan the Great was the 18th monarch of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and the 2nd monarch of the Sukhothai dynasty. Known for his military prowess, he led campaigns to free Ayutthaya from the control of the Taungoo Empire and became an overlord of Lan Na. During his reign, he engaged in numerous wars against Taungoo Burma, showcasing his strategic and leadership abilities. Additionally, Naresuan fostered diplomatic relations by welcoming the Dutch, demonstrating his skills in both warfare and statecraft.

Phetracha began as a trusted councilor and Director-General of the Royal Department of Elephants under King Narai of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. He later orchestrated the Siamese revolution of 1688, seizing power by marrying Narai's daughter after having Narai's heirs executed. Phetracha opposed Narai's pro-French policies, leading to the expulsion of French officers from Siam and the Siege of Bangkok to remove all French troops. His reign was marked by rebellions and political unrest due to challenges from loyalists to the previous dynasty and King Narai.

Ramathibodi I, also known as King U-thong, was the first ruler of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. He ascended to the throne in 1351 and reigned until 1369. During his professional life, Ramathibodi I was instrumental in establishing Ayutthaya as a powerful kingdom in Southeast Asia. He implemented administrative reforms, expanded the kingdom's territory through conquests, and fostered cultural and religious growth. His leadership laid the foundation for Ayutthaya's prosperity and influence in the region for centuries to come.

Mangrai was the 25th king of Ngoenyang and the first king of Lanna. He played a crucial role in establishing the Lanna Kingdom by founding the city of Chiang Mai as its capital. Known for his strategic vision and leadership, Mangrai successfully unified various northern Thai regions under his rule. His reign saw significant territorial expansion and the establishment of a strong foundation for the Lanna Kingdom. Mangrai's legacy as a skilled ruler and founder of Chiang Mai continues to be celebrated in Northern Thai history.

Rama II, also known as Phra Bat Somdet Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai, was the second King of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, ruling from 1809 to 1824. His reign was marked by peace and cultural flourishing, earning the title of the "Golden Age of Rattanakosin Literature." He was a patron of poets and artists, including the renowned poet Sunthorn Phu. Rama II himself was a talented poet and artist. His professional life was characterized by fostering a rich cultural environment at his court and leaving a legacy of artistic patronage.

Si Inthrathit was the first king of the Sukhothai Kingdom in Thailand, ruling from 1238 to around 1270. He is recognized as the founder of the Phra Ruang Dynasty, the first historical Siamese dynasty. Si Inthrathit's reign is notable for freeing Thai principalities from the control of the Khmer Empire. His leadership and strategic decisions played a crucial role in establishing the foundation of the Sukhothai Kingdom and shaping the early history of Thailand.

Trailok, also known as Borommatrailokkanat, ruled as the King of the Ayutthaya Kingdom from 1448 to 1488. He earned the title of King of White Elephants for possessing a noble white elephant, considered auspicious in Hindu belief. His reign was marked by significant reforms in Thai bureaucracy and a successful military campaign against the Lan Na Kingdom to the north. Trailok is revered as one of Thailand's greatest monarchs, known for his leadership, administrative skills, and military achievements.

Prince Nakkhatra Mangala was involved in various diplomatic and public service roles, serving his country with dedication and honor. His professional life included positions in the government and royal household, where he worked to promote cultural exchange and strengthen international relations. He was known for his commitment to public welfare and his efforts to support education, healthcare, and social development initiatives. His contributions left a lasting impact on the people of Thailand and beyond.

Maha Chakkraphat was king of the Ayutthaya kingdom in two separate reigns from 1548 to 1564 and 1568 to 1569. He was originally known as Prince Thianracha, later ascending to the throne with the support of the Sukhothai clan following a coup that overthrew the previous king. During his rule, Maha Chakkraphat faced political challenges and power struggles within the kingdom. He played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of Ayutthaya during his reigns.

Ang Chan II became King of Cambodia in 1806 and faced challenges from his brothers for power. He aligned with the Vietnamese to strengthen his position, leading to conflicts with the Siamese. Overthrown in 1811, he returned with Vietnamese support, resulting in Cambodia coming under Vietnamese protection. He undertook projects like reconstructing the Vĩnh Tế Canal but faced rebellions against Vietnamese influence. Ang Chan II died in 1834, and his daughter succeeded him as queen.

Uthumphon Maha Thammarachathirat III served as the 32nd monarch of the Ayutthaya Kingdom for a brief period in 1758. He faced challenges from various claimants to the throne and ultimately chose to abdicate in favor of entering monkhood. His decision to live a life of a monk rather than pursue the throne led to him being known as "Khun Luang Ha Wat" or "the king who lives in the temple." Following his abdication, he retired to a memorial tomb located in the Lin Zin Gon cemetery in Amarapura.

King Borommakot, also known as King Maha Thammarachathirat II, ruled Ayutthaya from 1733 to 1758. His 25-year reign marked the last peaceful period in Ayutthaya's history, characterized by a flourishing of literature, arts, and crafts. Despite his cruelty towards people and animals, his legacy includes extensive renovations of Ayutthaya temples that still stand today. His influence extended to the reign of King Rama I in Bangkok, who sought to emulate Borommakot's religious customs and even delayed his own coronation to ensure it followed Borommakot's example.

Thai Sa, also known as Prince Phet, was the King of Ayutthaya from 1709 to 1733. He resided in the Banyongrattanat Palace, earning the nickname "King of the Poolside." During his reign, Thai Sa focused on maintaining stability within the kingdom, overseeing various administrative tasks, and implementing policies to ensure the well-being of his subjects. He was known for his dedication to governance and the prosperity of Ayutthaya, leaving a legacy of leadership and commitment to his people.

Somdet Chaophraya Sri Suriwongse was a prominent figure in 19th-century Thailand who served as regent during the early years of King Chulalongkorn's reign. Known for his leadership and diplomatic skills, he played a crucial role in guiding the country through a period of significant political and social change. His professional life was marked by a commitment to serving the monarchy and the people of Thailand, earning him respect and admiration for his contributions to the nation's development.

Samsenethai, also known as Oun Huan, served as the second king of Lan Xang in Laos, succeeding his father, Fa Ngum. During his reign from 1372 to 1417, Samsenethai oversaw the construction of important religious sites such as Wat Manorom, Wat Oubôsôt, and Wat Xiang Kham. His focus on promoting religious and cultural development contributed to the growth and prosperity of Lan Xang. Samsenethai's dedication to enhancing the kingdom's infrastructure and spiritual landscape left a lasting legacy that continued under his successor, Lan Kham Deng.

Chantharath served as the king of Luang Phrabang under Siamese rule from 1852 to 1868. During his reign, the kingdom faced significant challenges from local, regional, and international threats. He successfully led efforts to combat Haw rebels and regain control of the Principality of Xiangkhouang (Muang Phuan) from Vietnamese and Haw insurgents. Chantharath also played a key role in the return of the Phra Bang Buddha to Luang Phrabang in 1828. His professional life was marked by strategic leadership and diplomatic achievements.

Mahinthrathirat was a significant figure in Ayutthaya's history, serving as king twice during a tumultuous period. He initially ruled as a vassal of Toungoo Burma before restoring his father as the sovereign king. Known for his strategic alliances, he sought support from Setthathirath of Lan Xang to counter Burmese and Phitsanulok influence. His reign marked the end of the Suphannaphum Dynasty as Ayutthaya fell to the Burmese in 1569, highlighting his efforts to navigate complex political landscapes and defend his kingdom's sovereignty.

Vajirananavarorasa, the tenth Supreme Patriarch of Thailand from 1910 to 1921, played a significant role in institutionalizing Thai Buddhism. Known for his intellectual prowess, he was destined to become a leading figure in Siam. He received the name Vajirañāṇavarorasa in 1882 along with the prestigious Krommamuen rank. Through his professional life, he made lasting contributions to the promotion and consolidation of Thai Buddhism, leaving a profound impact on the religious landscape of Thailand.

Prince Chula Chakrabongse was a notable figure in the world of motorsports, particularly known for his involvement in promoting and developing motorsports in Thailand. He was a skilled racer, team owner, and also a talented writer, contributing to various publications on the subject. His passion for motorsports led him to establish the famous "Chula Racing Team" and organize numerous racing events, leaving a lasting impact on the motorsports scene in Thailand.

Binnya Dala was a key leader in the revival of the Mon-speaking kingdom of Hanthawaddy in 1740, successfully leading a revolt against the ruling Toungoo dynasty. He served as the prime minister and later became king of Hanthawaddy after the abdication of the nominal king. Binnya Dala continued to wage war against the Toungoo dynasty, launching invasions of Upper Burma in 1750 and 1754. Despite initial successes, his forces were ultimately defeated by Alaungpaya, leading to his capture and imprisonment for over 17 years.

Fa Ngum was a skilled military leader and diplomat who demonstrated strategic prowess in establishing the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang in 1353. He navigated complex political landscapes, forming alliances and conquering territories to consolidate his power. Fa Ngum's leadership and vision helped him overcome challenges and assert his authority over the region. His legacy as the founder of Lan Xang is a testament to his administrative acumen and ability to govern a diverse kingdom effectively.